19 research outputs found
Virtual water from upstream to downstream in a watershed and its application to the ecological compensation
流域上下游间生态补偿是解决跨境水资源管理的一种重要手段,旨在解决流域上下游间水环境保护者与受益者由于地理差异产生的外部性问题,目前被得到广泛应用。补偿标准的确定是生态补偿研究的关键,也是目前争议最多的问题之一。虚拟水作为水资源新兴概念,指的是生产产品和服务中所需要的水资源数量。流域上下游间一般存在农产品贸易带来的虚拟水转移,在流域水资源管理中应加以考虑。因此,本文将把虚拟水理论引入流域上下游间生态补偿标准量化体系中,建立了一套相对系统的流域生态补偿标准的确定方法。 流域上下游间具有一种特殊的关系。流域上游是生态敏感区,上游的环境投入直接影响整个流域的水质和水量;上游地区还是下游的水源保护地,...Watershed ecological compensation between upstream and downstream is an important means to deal with the trans-boundary water resources management, aiming at resolving externalities between protectors and beneficiaries in a watershed. How to determine payment criteria is a key issue and also a controversial point of ecological compensation. As a new concept about water resource, virtual water refe...学位:理学硕士院系专业:海洋与环境学院_环境管理学号:2262010115137
Study and Application Progress of Virtual Water
虚拟水是解决水资源短缺和粮食安全问题的新途径,是目前国际新兴的研究热点。文中系统地阐述了虚拟水的概念和内涵,归纳总结了关于产品的虚拟水含量的计算方法,包括基于不同产品类型区别计算的方法和产品生产树的方法。并且介绍了虚拟水的应用情况,还对今后的研究方向进行了探讨。Virtual water,a new research topic,is considered as an innovative solution to solve the problem of water scarcity and food security.This study expounded the concept and connotation of virtual water,and also summarized the methodologies to calculate virtual water,in terms of the methods based on distinguishing calculation of different product and the methods of production tree.Furthermore,the application of virtual water,as well as its further study directions was introduced.国家自然科学基金(40701178);福建省自然科学基金(2009J01190);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(厦门大学教师类基础创新科研基金)(2011121008
Water-quality impact assessment on open-sea reclamation planning——A case study of Fujian Province,China
基于开阔海域围填海的特殊性,已有的水质影响评价定量方法较难直接应用。本文通过水动力因子分析确定污染物扩散条件,根据水质现状、围填面积和规划利用方式确定水质压力。基于上述污染物扩散条件和水质压力参数,以水质影响程度等级作为评价结果,设计了半定量评价矩阵对福建省湾外围填海规划的10个围填区进行了水质影响评价。评价结果表明:其中有1个围填区水质影响程度较大,其余围填区水质影响程度均在中等以下。此外,水质影响程度评价结果可同时为湾外围填海规划决策者提供相应的决策依据。案例应用表明:该半定量方法可以推广应用于决策型的、影响机制复杂、不确定性较强的人类活动的水质影响评价。The marine reclamation is one of the major kinds of coastal projects,which may cause the negative impacts on water quality.Due to the particularity of reclamation in open-sea,the existing quantitative methods of water-quality impact assessment are inapplicable.In this study,an assessing matrix based on the pollutant diffusion condition and water quality pressure was developed to predict the water-quality impacts of 10 reclamation blocks in the planning of reclamation outside bays in Fujian Province.In which,the diffusing condition of pollutants is determined by the hydrodynamic analysis,and the pressure on water quality is determined by the analyzing current water quality,reclamation areas and their functions.The application of this semi-quantitative matrix,the results showed that the water quality impact of one reclamation area is comparative high,while others have lower impacts.These results of different impact degrees of water quality provided a supporting tool for the environmental management decision-making.The successful application in the case study also reveals that the semi-quantitative water-quality impact assessment methodology can be applied to those with the complicated impact mechanism,highly uncertain and decision-supportive anthropogenic impacts.国家海洋公益项目(200905005-06);2011年度“厦门大学基础创新科研基金”(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金)项目(2011121008
Ana lysis and Design of the Photon ic-Band-GapM icrostr ip Antenna
[摘要] 采用时域有限差分法分析计算了光子隙微带天线的S 参数, 发现了光子带隙微带结构具有明
显的禁带特性, 然后利用仿真软件讨论这种结构天线参数的变化与对其禁带特性的关系. 最后归纳了这种
天线的基本设计原则和这种光子带隙微带天线的优点.Abstract: The Sparameter of PBG antenna was analyzed and calculated with the Finite-Difference Time-
Domain method. It showed that the structure of PBGmicrostrip antenna had obvious forbidden2band characteristic. The influence of the variety of the antenna structure parameters on the forbidden-band characterwas discussed by software simulating. The methods of designing this kind of antenna were discussed. At last, by analyzing the data, some excellent p roperties of the PBG microstrip antenna had been elicited.福建省自然科学基金资助项目(A0510001
升温率和应变率对30CrMnSi拉伸强度的影响
报道了硬度HRC为20和40的两种30CrMnSi材料在100-900℃的力学性能及升温率,应变率和热处理条件对抗拉强度,屈服强度的影响。在低温区,材料性能随温度的升高,呈现缓慢下降,其数值与常温相差不多,热处理状态对该区影响甚大,升温率有一定影响;在高温区,材料强度大大降低,其数值随温度变化不大,不同升温速率的影响及热处理状态影响消失;在中温区,材料性能随温度升高呈现快速下降趋势,热处理状态对
升温率和应变率对30CrMnSi拉伸强度的影响
报道了硬度HRC为20和40的两种30CrMnSi材料在100-900℃的力学性能及升温率、应变率和热处理条件对抗拉强度、屈服强度的影响。在低温区,材料性能随温度的升高,呈现缓慢下降,其数值与常温相差不多,热处理状态对该区影响甚大,升温率有一定影响; 在高温区,材料强度大大降低,其数值随温度变化不大,不同升温速率的影响及热处理状态影响消失; 在中温区,材料性能随温度升高呈现快速下降趋势,热处理状态对材料性能影响大,不同升温率对材料性能影响不大
黑水鸡棘口吸虫病的临床案例与病原分子生物学鉴定
对福建省某地送检的自然死亡黑水鸡(Gallinula chloropus)进行临床尸检,在消化道内发现吸虫寄生现象,记录临床消化道症状和虫体外观形态,采用病理组织学方法对病变的肠、心和肝等部位剖检,并对分离获得的棘口吸虫(Echinostoma sp.)进行分子生物学鉴定。结合相关文献资料,发现病理组织存在不同程度的炎性变化; 扩增虫体基因拼接后ITS片段大小为744 bp,通过分子同源性比对,本次分离的虫株最接近于E.trivolvis(GQ463127.1),同源性为92.90%。本案例为黑水鸡消化道吸虫病的临床诊断提供了资料,为黑水鸡的人工繁育和吸虫致病原的分类提供了分子生物学方面的参考
一例鸡尾鹦鹉鸟肠球菌感染的临床报道
为探究临床具有神经症状的宠物鸡尾鹦鹉(Nymphicus hollandicus)的死因,对 1只死亡鸡尾鹦鹉的心、肝、脾和肾等脏器进行病原菌分离纯化、革兰氏染色和生化鉴定,采用PCR方法对16S rRNA进行分子生物学鉴定,并对分离致病细菌进行体外药敏试验,采用RT-PCR方法检测NDV、IBV和CIAV。结果显示:分离细菌光镜下形态均为革兰氏阳性球菌,能够发酵乳糖和麦芽糖等糖类;根据16S rRNA同源性比对,该菌与鸟肠球菌(Enterococcus avium)菌株MT_604783.1的同源性达到99.8%,可确定分离菌株为鸟肠球菌;分离菌株对哌拉西林(PRL)和米诺环素(MIN)2种抗生素中度敏感,对其余18种抗生素存在不同程度的耐药;3种病毒检测结果均为阴性;动物回归试验结果显示分离菌株对雏鸡具有弱致病性,能够导致肺和心等多脏器出血病变。鸟肠球菌感染是本例鹦鹉发病死亡的重要原因
滑鼠蛇横纹肌肉瘤的临床症状与病理学观察
应用临床诊断、血液学、X光、病理剖检及病理组织学方法对1例圈养滑鼠蛇(Ptyas mucosus)体表肿物进行检测分析。X光检查显示该蛇体侧后有2个肿物,与周围组织界限明显,内有实质及钙化灶生成。剖检发现肿物包膜破溃,小肿物切面呈白色,质地较硬,大肿物质软,有恶臭气味,内部呈现分层结构,外部层腐烂部分伴有少量脓性增生; 镜下可见大量具有嗜酸性胞浆的、组织细胞样细胞的增生,局部可见大量粉色的、具有多核的巨细胞及大量钙化灶,结构疏松,大量毛细血管扩张。经病理学诊断,结合临床检查分析,该蛇确诊为横纹肌肉瘤。研究结果可为兽医对异宠临床横纹肌肉瘤的诊断提供参考
