Study on a suppressor system for Segregation-distorter action in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster in Korea

In order to see if any suppressor system for the SD action was involved in natural populations of D. melanogaster, samples from the populations of nine localities in Korea [Choon-chun, yusoo, Namhai, Sinchon(Seoul), Kwangjoo(Kyunggi), Koonsan, Jwangjoo(Chunnam), Jejoo and Pusan] were analyzed by using the mating scheme for locating the suppresor on chromosome pairs, and R(SD^(NH)-1)-1, the Japanese one were used in order to see any difference of the response of the suppressor for differently originated SD. The results of the experiment are given below. (1) The suppressor system was involved in all lines of natural populations from nine localities of Korea. (2) Most of the suppressors were found to be located on the X chromosome and only a few lines from three populations showed to carry the suppressors on the second chromosome and on the third or fourth chromosome. (3) The response of the suppressor for differently originate SD lines showed no significant difference.TABLE OF CONTENTS = 1 INTRODUCTION = 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS = 6 RESULTS = 8 DISCUSSION = 14 SUMMARY = 16 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS = 17 LITERATURE CITED = 1

(A) Study on the Methods of the Career Guidance and Its Effectiveness in Middle School

진로지도는 생애교육의 일환으로써 다양한 직업세계에 대한 경험을 통해서 자신의 적절한 진로를 자아개념과 연결시키고 점진적으로 잠재능력을 개발해 나감으로써 장차 만족스러운 직업생활을 돕고 자아실현을 통해 국가적으로 고도산업사회에 공헌할 수 있는 인력을 개발한다는 점에서 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 따라서 본 연구는 중학교의 단계에서 자신의 여러 가능성에 대한 자기이해를 높이고 직업 및 직종을 탐색하는 기회를 신장시키기 위한 다음과 같은 조사를 통해서 앞으로 중학교 진로지도의 활성화를 위한 기초자료로써 활용토록 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서는, 첫째, 진로교육의 이론적인 배경을 고찰하고, 둘째, 현재 중학교에서 실시하고 있는 진로지도의 방법과 효과를 찾으며, 세째, 중학교의 진로지도가 학생에게 미친 영향을 검토함으로써 효과적인 진로지도 방법의 순위를 비교 제시하며, 넷째, 위의 진로지도 실태를 남·여별, 인물·실업별, 공·사립중학교 출신별로 어떤 차이가 있는가를 비교·분석하는 것을 내용으로 하였다. 본 연구는 문헌연구와 조사연구를 통하여 수행되었으며 중학교 진로지도의 실제와 그 효과를 검증하기 위하여 서울시내 남·여 고등학교 1학년 학생 585명을 대상으로 과거 중학교에서 받은 진로지도에 대하여 질문지 방법을 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 발견된 사실은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 남·여, 인물·실업계, 공·사립중학교 출신에 관계없이 대다수의 학생들은 진로지도의 필요성을 느끼고 있었으나 그 이해정도가 매우 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 중학교에서의 진로지도 방법이 다양하게 활용되지 못하고 있어 진로지도 방법에 따른 도움의 정도가 낮게 나타났다. 세째, 중학교에서의 진로지도를 통해서 학생들은 전체적으로 많은 영향을 받았다고 하였다. 네째, 진로정보를 얻게되는 과정에서 학생들은 부모·가족으로부터 가장 많은 영향을 받고 있음이 나타났다. 다섯째, 학생들의 진로결정 정도가 매우 낮게 나타났다. 위에서 나타난 결과를 종합하여 진로지도의 실태를 진단해 볼 때 첫째, 학생들은 진로지도의 중요성을 많이 느끼고 있으며 진로지도를 통해 영향을 많이 받고 있음을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 그런데 현재 학교현장에서는 학생들의 요구에 맞는 진로지도를 구체적이고 조직적으로 해 주지 못하고 있다. 세째, 상황에 맞는 효과적인 진로지도 방법을 제대로 활용해 주지 못하고 있다. 네째, 위의 문제점들이 곧 학생들의 진로결정 뿐만 아니라 학생자신의 생애교육에 차질을 안겨주는 요인이 되고 있다. 다섯째, 학생들의 진로결정 과정은 가족 및 부모에게서 가장 영향을 받고 있는 것으로 보아 학교에서의 체계적인 진로지도가 적극적으로 전개되어야 하며, 사회적 체제에서 학부모의 진로교육이 강조되고 있다. 앞으로 더 보완되어 연구해야 할 과제로는 진로지도 방법 및 효과에 관한 학교현장에서의 실험적인 연구와 구체적이고도 체계적인 자료개발 보급이 시급히 이루어져야 하며, 전문적 교육을 담당할 진로교육교사의 양성과 학교이외의 가정 ·지역사회·국가적 차원에서 학생들의 진로지도에 대한 교육적 관심을 불러일으키는 계도활동이 뒷받침되어야 하겠다.;A career guidance is a kind of education in its efforts to solve the following 4 problems for the purpose of enhancing the student's capability of selection for right course for higher grade education advancement and a career occupation in the future. The 4 problems are as follows: 1, Enhancement of the quality of integrated and career education. 2. Contribution to the society through self-development and realization. 3. A maximum utilization of human resources by utmost development of individual ability, and 4. Development of student's capability which help them adjust to the rapidly changing environment caused by high technology innovation and severe competetion. This study is designed to provide basic direction and proper information which will contribute to the vitalization of career guidance. Therefore, this study is to find out right direction of career guidance by analyzing the present situation of career guidance and its effectiveness in school through questionaire survey. The results of the study will greatly contribute to the enhancement of understanding student's potentials and to cultivating their ability of evaluating and selecting their career occupation fitting to their ability at earlier level of middle school days. The purpose of this study is as follows: 1. To find out the most appropriate methods of career guidance and its effectiveness at middle school level, 2. To conduct comparative analysis on the actual situations of career guidance by the distinction of sexes, types of school, senior high or vocational and public or private school, In this study, a theoretical research and questionaire survey were conducted. Questionaires were given to 585 students of the first grade of 10 high schools randomly selected among the high schools in Seoul city. The summary of survey results is as follows: 1. Regarding the consciousness of career guidance, most students who replied heard and knew the terminology of career guidance, but it was revealed that their real understanding of the meaning was very poor. However, their response to the necessity of having career guidance was positive, regardless of sex distinction, nature of school such as senior high or vocational, and public or private schools. Particularly, girl students were more positive than boys, students from vocational or private schools showed more positive than students from public or senior high schools, 2. Reviewing the degree of effectiveness according to the type of career guidance, even though little differences between sexes and among students answered, the analysis showed that in general the methods of career guidance such as self-evaluation, school radios, teacher's instruction and text books relatively contributed to the development of career occupation better than any other methods of career guidance, 3. Analyzing the effectiveness of career guidance in middle school, most responded students, without differences of sexes and the nature of students graduated from various type of schools, recognized the effectiveness of career guidance in middle school, 4. Correlation between career guidance method and its effectiveness: It is understood that the above mentioned career guidance methods contributed to the student's career developments. Therefore, correlation between method and its effectiveness showed relatively great. 5. Receiving process for career guidance information It is indicated that most students, regardless of sexes and student's origin, largely depended on their parents and families about the career guidance information. Source of information from their relatives was negligible. 6. Degree of career decision making ability The degree of career decision to be made by the students themselves for their own career occupation seems to be low regardless of sexes and student's origin, though very little differences existing between girls and boys. Conclusion A conclusion is derived from the results of theoretical research and questionaire analysis on the problems of selection for career guidance methods and its effectiveness in the middle school, as described above. Reviewing the results, it is understood that most students who responded to the questionaire realized not only the necessity of having career guidance but also its contribution to the career developments in making their decision for career occupation in the future through career guidance availability in the middle school. However, the present career guidance has conducted in the way of not only being lack of systematic and specific guidance but also being unable to meet the needs of student's requirements in developing their own career occupation in the future. Furthermore, the selection of career guidance methods was not properly made to meet the actual requirements and was lack of flexibility in conducting career guidance to adjust to the changing environments. Such problems mentioned above exercised as negative factor to the career development for the students and to the student's life-long education because of lack of appropriate career guidance being conducted at middle school levels. Taking into consideration of these factors, it is recommended that career guidance in the school, with the help of home career guidance, should be oriented toward the maximization of self-development and realization through various methods of career guidance which will meet to the student's characteristics and potentials and to changes of circumstances. At last, it is suggested that an experimental research and analysis on career guidance methods and its effectiveness in school education as a supplement to this study should developed and conducted in the future and also career guidance teachers should be cultivated through specialized and intensive education. In addition, consciousness of career guidance except for the school education should be renewed by means of enlightenment activities.목차 = ⅲ 논문개요 = ⅶ Ⅰ. 서론 = 1 A. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 = 1 B. 연구의 내용 = 5 Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 6 A. 진로지도의 개념 = 6 B. 진로지도의 발달 = 8 C. 진로지도의 목적 = 10 D. 진로지도의 내용 = 13 E. 진로지도의 방법 = 17 Ⅲ. 연구의 방법 및 절차 = 19 A. 조사의 설계 = 19 B. 조사대상 = 19 C. 질문지의 구성 = 20 D. 연구과정 = 21 E. 자료분석 방법 = 21 F. 연구의 제한점 = 22 G. 용어의 정의 = 22 Ⅳ. 결과분석 및 해석 = 24 A. 진로지도에 대한 인식도 = 24 B. 진로지도 방법에 따른 도움의 정도 = 27 C. 진로지도의 효과 = 34 D. 진로지도의 방법과 효과와의 상관관계 = 39 E. 진로정보를 얻게된 과정 = 41 F. 진로결정 정도 = 46 Ⅴ. 요약 및 결론 = 48 A. 요약 = 48 B. 결론 = 49 참고문헌 = 52 부록 = 55 ABSTRACT = 6

한국산 노랑초파리 (Drosophila melanogaster)의 Alcohol dehydrogenase와 α-Glycerophosphate dehydrogenase에 대한 집단 유전학적 연구

한국산 노랑초파리(Drosophia melanogaster)의 집단유전학적 체계를 수립하기 위하여 한국의 15개 지역으로부터 채집된 자연집단과 9개 실험실내 사육집단의 ADH와 a-GPDH isozyme pattern을 조사하고 신촌집단의 노랑초파리에 있어서의 ADH인자형 빈도의 계절적 변화를 조사하기 위해서 agarose gel 박층 전기영동법으로 유전적 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1.본 연구에서 다룬 자연집단과 실험실집단은 ADH와 a-GPDH alleles에 대해서 모두 polymorphic하다. 2.한국산 노랑초파리의 자연집단과 실험실집단은 ADH인자형에 대하여 FF형이 가장 많이 분포되어있다. 3. a-GPDH alleles에 대해서는 자연집단에서는 FS형이 그리고 실험실집단에서는 FF형이 가장 흔하게 분포되어있다. 4.신촌 자연집단에서의 계절적 변화를 보면 ADH alleles에 대해서는 온도가 낮은 가을집단에서는 헤테로 개체의 빈도가 낮다. 5.ADH 및 a-GPDH alleles의 F인자 빈도는 S인자보다 높다. ; Population Genetic Study on Alcohol Dehydrogenase and A-Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase of Drosophiamelanogaster in Korea. Soon Ja Kang The present investigation was undertaken in an attempt to establish a population genetic system in the Korean natural populations of Drosophia melanogaster. The alcohol dehydrogenase and a-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase of D. melanogaster were examined by the agarose gel electrophoresis and frequencies of their alleles were calculated. The results obtained are presented below: 1.many Korean natural and laboratory populations of D. melanogaster show polymorphism as to ADH and a-GPDH alleles. 2.the FF genotype of ADH alleles is most frequently involved in the Korean Natural and laboratory populations of D. melanogaster. 3.the FS genotype of a-GPDH alleles is most frequently involved in the Korean natural populations of D. melanogaster, but the FF genotype of a-GPDH alleles is most frequently involved in the laboratory populrations. 4.the seasonal changes of the ADH alleles are shown in the Sinchon natural population of D. melanogaster; the FS genotype of ADH alleles is found at low frequency during the cooler autumn months. 5.the F gene frequency of ADH and a-GPDH alleles is higher than S gene.논문개요 ------------------------------------------------------------- vii I. 서론 -------------------------------------------------------------- 1 II. 실험재료 및 방법 ------------------------------------------------- 6 A. 초파리 ----------------------------------------------------------- 6 B. 전기영동법 ------------------------------------------------------- 7 C. 통계처리법 ------------------------------------------------------- 9 III. 실험결과 -------------------------------------------------------- 10 A. alcohol dehydrogenase -------------------------------------------- 10 1. 자연집단 -------------------------------------------------------- 10 2. 실험실집단 ------------------------------------------------------ 16 3. 계절적변화 ------------------------------------------------------ 21 B. a-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase --------------------------------- 26 1. 자연집단 -------------------------------------------------------- 26 2. 실험실집단 ------------------------------------------------------ 31 IV. 고찰 ------------------------------------------------------------- 36 A. alcohol dehydrogenase -------------------------------------------- 36 B. a-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase --------------------------------- 39 V.결론 --------------------------------------------------------------- 42 참고문헌 ------------------------------------------------------------- 43 영문초록 ------------------------------------------------------------- 5

RT-PCR-based detection of six garlic viruses and their phylogenetic relationships

Six viruses of the genera Carlavirus (Garlic mosaic virus, GarMV, and Garlic latent virus, GarLV), Allexivirus (Garlic virus X, GarV-X, and Garlic mite-borne filamentous virus, GarMbFV) and Potyvirus (Leek yellow stripe virus, LYSV, and Onion yellow dwarf virus, OYDV) from Korean garlic plants with mosaic symptoms were simultaneously detected by multiplex RT-PCR and subsequently sequenced. An immunocapture RT-PCR for the detection of GarLV, LYSV, and OYDV was also performed. The coat protein phylogenetic analysis of the garlic viruses showed that the Korean isolates were most closely related to the isolates from China, Japan, Brazil, and Argentina. This study is the first report for the differentiation of six garlic viruses in Korea by simultaneous detection using multiplex RT-PCR. © The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology

Short tandem repeat (STR) system HUMCYAR04 in Korean population

A genetic population study for the tetrameric STR, the HUMCYAR04 in the Korean population was carried out. Typing for the HUMCYAR04 of 236 unrelated Koreans was done by PCR and PAGE-silverstaining. Eight alleles were observed and their frequencies were in the range of 0.0042 - 0.3491. Allele 5, 6, and 10 were higher frequencies than other alleles. No significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium could be observed in the genotype distribution. The observed heterozygosity was 0.7426 and the PIC value was 0.7268. The power of discrimination (PD) was 0. 8906 and the chance of exclusion (CE) was 0.4809. There is no significant difference in the allele frequencies at the HUMCYAR04 locus between Koreans and Asians. However, the Koreans did slightly differ for the allele frequencies when compared with Mexican-Americans, Blacks, and Caucasians

DNA polymorphisms at α-Gpdh locus of Drosophila melanogaster in Korean population

Restriction site variation in 18-kb region including the Gpdh (sn- glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) locus has been assessed in 27 isofemale lines, 12 lines from the Chounan population and 15 lines from the Pusan population in Korea. Of the 25 restriction sites that were scored, 5 sites were polymorphic (20.0%): PstI (-2.35), XbaI (-1.7), HindIII (0.0), HindIII (+0.25), and PstI (+5.7). Two insertions (I) and three deletions (D) were detected. All the restriction sites and length polymorphisms were located in introns and outside regions of the Gpdh structure gene, the area from -7.0 site to -5.5 site. The proportion of segregating nucleotides, p, for all 27 lines was 0.019 and that estimated heterozygosity per nucleotide pair, was 0.013. Sixteen kinds of restriction map haplotypes of all lines analyzed were detected. Few lines were identical at the restriction map level. The estimated haplotype diversity, h, was 0.968. The haplotype diversity (0.997) of Gpdh(FF) bearing chromosomes was slightly higher than that (0.982) of Gpdh(SS) chromosomes. Analysis for a linkage disequilibria between the polymorphism also showed that HindIII (+0.25) vs. I (a) and PstI (-2.35) vs. D (a) have relatively high level of the linkage disequilibria. There were no significant relationship between restriction site polymorphism and GPDH activity in 27 second-chromosome lines; however, there was an apparent difference in the effect of length variation on GPDH activity. The activity of deletion-bearing lines was longer than that of deletion-free lines, while there was no effect of insertion on activity. Duplication of Gpdh was observed in about one-third of the 27 isofemale lines. The duplication- bearing lines in both populations had higher levels of GPDH activity and GPDH CRM than duplication-free lines. In a further investigation of the duplication structure, the duplication of Korean populations was shown to have a similar structure to other populations investigated (Symonds and Gibson, 1992; Takano et al., 1989)

The Effect of Dietary Threonine on Adh Expression during the Development of Drosophila melanogaster

The alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity and ADH cross reacting material (ADH CRM) were measured and Northern blot analysis was carried to define the function and the regulation mechanism of the Adh gene. This study examined how dietary threonine affects the expression of the Adh gene during development of Drosophila melanogaster. Two wild type strains, one homozygous for AdhF and one for AdhS from Chunan, Korea were used. The ADH activity and CRMs of the AdhF strain were 2.1 times higher than those of AdhS strain, and ADH activity was higher with isopropanol (secondary alcohol) than with ethanol (primary alcohol) as a substrate in both AdhF and AdhS strains. When the larvae, pupae, newly emerged adults (0-1 day), and adults (5-7 days) of Drosophila melanogaster AdhF and AdhS strains were fed on a defined low yeast and threonine medium, ADH activity and ADH CRM levels were increased. Northern blot analyses indicated that the production of mRNA of the larvae, young adults (0-1 day), and adults (5-7 days) was increased by dietary threonine. ADH activity and ADH CRM increases in Drosophila melanogaster fed on threonine were as a result of threonine-stimulated alteration in the amount of ADH mRNA. The elevated level of the ADH mRNA transcribed from the proximal and distal promoters of threonine-fed larvae and adults showed that there was an induction

Dimeric short tandem repeat polymorphism analysis using automated fluorescent detection in Korean population

The short tandem repeat (STR) loci with (CA)n repeats (D10S201, D12S85, D17S849, D18S57, D18S62, D19S210, D20S117, D21S262, D21S270, D22S280) were amplified using fluorescently labeled primers and were analyzed by Genescan software. The relative allele frequencies exhibited the obvious bimodal distribution in the D20S117 locus and nine loci generally showed a tendency of bimodal distribution concealing a high degree of diversity. The number of alleles was observed ranging from 7 to 14. The most common allele frequency for each marker was generally low showing below 0.5 with the exception of D21S270 (0.571 in frequency). Although there was a deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium noted at the D10S20 locus, genotype data from the others were consistent overall with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The heterozygosities showed ranging from 0.635 to 0.865 and nine loci showed above 0.7 with the exception of D21S270. These STRs were highly polymorphic, with the polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranging from 0.609 to 0.851. Eight STRs showed a PIC above 0.7 with the exception of D21S270 and D18S62, confirming the high informativeness of (CA)n repeats in general. D20S117 was the most informative locus with a heterozygosity of 0.865 and with a PIC of 0.851. These results suggested that it is possible for these STRs to be the efficient markers for linkage mapping of genetic disease genes and for construction of high resolution linkage maps. © 1996 The Korean Society for Molecular Biology

Dietary effect of carbohydrates on amylase expression in Drosophila melanogaster

Carbohydrates effect on amylase expression was analyzed in four representative strains among 27 laboratory strains that represent a range of naturally occurring amylase variants of Drosophila melanogaster in Korea. B1, B3, B4 and C6 strains showed different levels of total amylase activity and electrophoretic patterns. Amylase activity was repressed by dietary glucose in a strain-specific manner and this reduced enzyme activity reflects a reduction in the quantity of amylase protein rather than an inhibition of enzyme activity. All four strains had high levels of amylase activity with starch-treated or no-treated media. There were shown higher level of amylase activity and higher inducibility, especially in starch-treated B4. In the strains carrying a duplication of Amy structural gene, two isozyme forms of amylase could be differentially expressed by dietary carbohydrates, which was eminently shown by AMY1,3 in the electrophoresis pattern. Using competitive RT-PCR, this dietary-dependent activity change was found to be regulated at the transcription level and it suggests that the regulatory systems responsible for the response to environment expression are different among strains of Drosophila melanogaster

Effect of Dietary Carbohydrates on the Expression of GPDH Isozymes in Drosophila melanogaster

We have examined the relative effects of dietary carbohydrates on GPDH isozymes in both larvae and adults of Drosophila. In larvae, GPDH tissue activities and cross-reacting materials (CRMs) were significantly increased in proportion to the dietary carbohydrate concentration. These observations indicate that the diet-induced change in GPDH activity is due to the modulation of GPDH CRM. The carbohydrate-stimulated increase of GPDH in larvae appears to be involved with the function of larval isozyme, GPDH-3, which plays a role in the diversion of carbohydrate into lipid. GPDH activities and CRMs in adult flies were a little increased with increasing carbohydrate concentration, but the staining activity in CRMs was reduced by high concentration of carbohydrate. In the case of adults, the exact modulating effects on functionally distinct GPDH isozymes are hard to discern in the protein level, because all the isozymes are present at the adult stage. With respect to transcript abundance, Northern analysis showed that Gpdh-411 transcript, encoding adult-limited GPDH-1, was repressed in high-carbohydrate diet. The change in GPDH-1 appears, in part, to be a stressful response to a high-carbohydrate diet. As a result, these findings suggest that GPDH isozymes can respond to dietary carbohydrates to varying degrees, and the regulation of isozymes by the diet is possibly involved with tissue-specific functions