국어 능력 측정 방안 연구

국어교육의 본질과 관련하여-말하기, 듣기, 읽기, 쓰기의 입체적 평가 교육이 바람직한 인간상의 형성을 추구하는 것이라면, 교육의 궁극적인 목표는 전인교육(全人敎育)이라할 수 있다. 여기에는 민주주의 공동체 의식을 함양하고 변화에 대한 창조적 대응력을 배양하며, 교육의 보편성과 특수성의 조화를 추구함과 동시에 학습자의 경험 세계를 중시하는 교육의 방향이 내포되어있다

(A) clinical study of whiplash injury

의학과/석사[한글] 교통량의 급격한 증가와 고속화로 인하여 교통사고는 날로 증가 추세에 있으며 교통사 고도 대형화 되고있는 실정이다. 이미 1950년대에 북미에서는 후방추돌이 전체 교통사고 의 20%이상을 차지한다고 보고되어 있다. 이중 상당수의 환자에서 뚜렷한 X-선 소견없이 지속적인 두통, 경부운동장애 등을 나타내고 있었으며 이에 따른 합병증을 동반하였다고 하였다. 따라서 이러한 환자에서의 조기진단 및 신속한 치료가 강조되어 왔다. 이에 저자 는 1972년 1월부터 1979년 12월까지 8년동안 편타성 외상으로 연세대학교 의과대학 부곡 세브란스병원에 입원 가료한 환자중 경추부 골절, 두개골 골절, 뇌좌상 또는 두개강내 출 혈 등 단독으로 신경학적 증상을 나타낼 수 있는 손상을 동반한 환자를 제외한 순수한 편 타성 외상 64명의 환자를 대상으로 임상적 소견 및 치료결과를 분석 검토하여 다음과 같 은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 성별분포는 남자 31명, 여자 33명이었으며 20대와 전체의 62.5%를 차지하였다. 2. 수상원인으로는 후방추돌이 전체의 53.5%이어써고 차량의 추락사고가 15.6%., 전방 추돌이 9.4%의 순이었다. 3. 입원기간은 차량의 추락사고시 평균 13.3일, 측방충돌시 10.7일, 후방추돌시 10.1일 , 항공기의 급강하시 9.5일, 차량의 급정거시 9.4일 등의 순이었다. 4. 입원환자중 51례(79.7%)는 입원 2주 이내에 퇴원하였고 57례(89.1.%)는 3주 이내에 퇴원하였다. 4주 이후에 퇴원한 6례(9.4%)중 5례(7.8%)는 동반손상의 치료를 위하여 입원 기간이 연장되었다. 5. 대부분의 환자들은 수상후 곧 입원하였으며 내원당시의 증상은 두통 27례(42.2%), 경부운동장애 25례(39.1%), 경부동통 24례(37.5%), 이상감각 13례(20.3%), 의식소실 13례 (20.3%), 현기증 6례(9.4%), 연하곤란 8례(12.5%) 등의 증상을 호소하였다. 6. X-선 소견상 경추전만 소실이 28례(43.7%), 경추부 전방의 연부조직 종창이 7례(10. 3%)로 나타났으며 11례(17.2%)에서는 퇴행성 변화의 징후가 있었고 그중 3례(4.7%)에서는 골극의 골절이 있었다. 7. 36례(56.3%)에서 동반손상이 복합되어 있었으며 다발성 좌상 22례(61.6%), 뇌진탕 1 3례(36.1%), 두부열상 5례(13.9%)등의 순이었다. 8. 치료로서는 전례에서 진통제 및 근육이완제를 경부동통 또는 경부의 운동장애가 소 실될 때까지 사용하였으며 31례(48.4%)에서는 5∼20파운드의 경부견인요법과 온습포를 시 행하였고 14례(21.9%)에서는 안정과 온습포를 시행하였으며 19례(29.7%)에서는 1일 2회이 상의 온습포만을 시행하였다. 퇴원시 12례(18.8%)에서 Thomas collar등 경부보조기의 착 용이 필요하였다. [영문] In recent years 1 with crowed traffics on the street and with higher speed of the automobiles, the incidence of the so-called whiplash injury has been increasing. The author had studied the clinical symptoms and signs, roentgenographic findings, associated injuries and treatment of the 64 patients who had admitted to the Yonsei Medical Center, Yonsei Univeristy College of Medicine from January 1972 to December 1979, under the diagnosis of the whiplash injury excluding the patients who had sustained an associated injuries those may cause neurologic symptoms and signs and summerized the results as followings. 1. Among the sixty four patients, thirty one cases(48.4%) were male and thirty three cases(51.6%) were female. The moat prevalent age were third and fourth decades(62.5%). 2. The causes were rear-end collision, thirty four cutes(53.5%), falling of a car, ten cases(15.6%), front-end collision, seven cases(10.9%), falling of an airplain in an airpocket, four cases(6.3%), sudden decelleration of a car, two cases(3.1%) including a case of a neck injury in a swimming pool. 3. The admission period of each causes were, falling of a car; 13.3 days, side collision: 10.7 days, rear-end collision; 10.1 days, falling of an airplane; 9.5 days, sudden decelleration of a car; 9.4 days. 4. fifty one cases(79.7%) were returned to the general activity in two weeks and fifty seven cases(89.1%) were out of the hospital in three weeks. Among the 6 cases(9.4%) who had been in the hospital for more than 4 weeks, 5 cases(7.8%) were in the hospital for the treatment of the associated injuries. 5. Almost of the patients were admitted to the hospital soon after the accident. On admission, the patients were suffered from the symptoms and signs as follows; headache, twenty seven cases(42.2%), limitation of motion of the neck, twenty five cases(39.1%), neckache, twenty four cases(37.5%), paresthesia, thirteen cases(20.3%), dizziness, six cases(9.4%), and dysphagia, eight cases(12.5%). 6. Roentgenograms show loss of lordotic curve in twenty eight cases(43.7%). There were seven cases(10.3% of swelling of the prevertebral soft tissues more than five mm from the inferior margin of the third cervical vertebra. 7. Thirty six cased (56.25%) were associated with other injuries; multiple contusion in 22 cases (61.1%), teeth injuries including a case of mandible fracture in 6 cases(16.7%), scalp laceration in five cases(13.9%). There are high incidence of cerebral concussion in whiplash injuries. In our cases, there were thirteen cases (36.1%) of cerebral concussion. 8. In all the cases, we used analgegics and muscle relaxants until the neck pain subsided. In thirty one cases(48.4%), we performed cervical traction from five to twenty lbs, accompanied by hot packs for two times a day. And in fourteen cases(21.9%), we confined the patients to bed untill neckache or limitation of motion of the neck subsided. At discharge, twelve cases(18.8%) had worned cervical braces or Thomas collars. In conclusion, in the diagnosis of the whiplash injury, the history of the patient, the clinical symptoms and signs are more important than roentgenographic findings.restrictio

A study on the phase of evaluation about the teaching Korean in Korea

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate every matters related to the KPT(Korean ProfIciency Test) now carried out by KlCE(Korea Institute of Curriculums and Evaluation), and introduce this test to the researchers who is concerned about this test. For this purpose, we investigated and introduced following items; background of organizing this test, the nature and purpose of this test, history and prowess, the matters related to the administration. the matters related to the distribution of marks, the matters related to the making questions for this test. And the suggestions that were acquired through this research on KPT is as follows, - We must examine seriously about induction of 'hearing/speaking' into this test. - The rearrangement of test items on vocabulary must be considered sincerely. It is the most rational way that to give independence to the field of vocabulary and to send grammar to the field of writing. - We must research how to adjust the degree of difficulty and reliability of the test. - It is one of the urgent questions to train the specialists who can make questions satisfactorily. - To guarantee the reliable questions for this test, the expansion and supplementation of the organization that manage this test in the KICE will be needed - We must accumulate the item pool and database of items that the difficulty and reliability of the items are attached. - We must investigate the every matter of concerns related to this test rut of Korea - If we investigate the result of this test by the region of languages, we can be rewarded with gad fruits. - We encourage KICE to make internet home page that anybody can refer the test items already carried before

국어지식 교육의 위상

본고는 현재 국어교육의 한 하위 영역으로서 이른바 언어지식(또는 국어지식)영역이라고 일컬어지고 있는 영역의 교육 상황을 반성하고 그 바람직한 전개 방향을 제시하기 위한 작업의 일환으로 작성된다

Studies of metal-mirror for PQR laser, fabrication of 2.8 Mega chip and surface studies of solar cell

Maste

언어 지식 영역의 교수 학습 방법

우리는 이 논문을 통해서 현장에서 언어 지식(문법)을 다룰 때 어떻게 가르치는 것이 좋은지에 대한 문제, 즉 언어 지식(문법) 영역의 교수 학습 방법에 관련된 제안을 구체화 하고자 한다. 그 제안의 핵심은 그 교수 학습 방법으로 탐구 학습의 방법을 도입하자는 것이다.이 논문은 국어교육연구소의 1995년도 연구비 지원에 의하여 연구되었

Successive View on Korean Language and the Direction of Korean Language Education

This paper was designed to solve the pending problem in the field of education today. The problem refers to a phenomenon of attenuation of cultural education in Korean language education that is traditionally considered as very important. To solve this problem, we first investigated the quantity of key words appeared in the document of successive Korean curricula. This investigation shows that the elements treated significantly in the traditional Korean language education is five items, Korean language activities, the knowledge about Korean language, Korean literature, the culture of Korean language, the national consciousness. Among these five elements, four elements are related to the cultural tradition of Korean except Korean language activities'. Disappearing of traditional elements is a big loss to the country, and contemporary specialists of Korean language education are responsible for it. At the core of this distorting aspect on a view of Korean language education, there is a problem of university entrance examination system in Korea. The dilution of cultural education and thus is a matter of grave concern, The Korean language education in the future must be normalized to restore the elements of Korean culture education. To avoid bringing up students who have little knowledge about culture of Korean language in spite of being educated Korean language for a long time, we must change the system of making question for SAT of Korea. But it is not simple to change the direction of SAT of Korea. We must improve the contents and methods of assessment of 'language field', but we can not recur to the system of the past. The 21st century is a period of knowledge and information. We must develop an assessment system not only for increasing the power of thought and creative ideas, but also for developing the knowledge about culture on a national language. for this parpose the skill for making question items must be taken off one stage. If the academic circle of Korean language education agree with the problems and propositions suggested in this paper, we must put our wits on the rack to develope the skills for making question items for checking these abilities for cultural knowledge.본 연구는 서울대학교 사범대학 발전기금 지원으로 이루어졌음