A Sculptural Study of Ambiguous Expression through Cognitive Errors

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 조소과, 2012. 2. 신현중.일상에서 사람들은 특정한 상황이나 사건의 일면만을 보고 그것을 확대해석하거나 그 이면을 보려하지 않는 경향이 있다. 나아가 자신들의 고정 관념으로 상황이나 사실 또는 사건에 대해 자의적으로 해석하거나 받아들이려는 경향이 다분하다. 어떤 측면에서 이것은 각자가 살아온 배경이나 환경, 처한 위치에서 일어날 수 있는 매우 자연스러운 현상일 수 있다. 그러나 그것은 자칫 심각한 오해를 초래하거나 진실이 왜곡될 수 있는 인지오류의 계기를 마련하기도 한다. 이러한 인지오류 현상은 편향(偏向)된 정보를 쉽게 받아들이는 상황에서 발생된다는 전제하에, 작품제작의 형식을 동일한 형태가 앞뒤로 접합되는 방식, 그리고 대상의 특수성을 상징하는 형태들의 왜곡된 접합으로 인해 양분되는 방식으로 제작하였다. 이는 한 면만을 보고서 당연히 받아들일 수 있는 형상, 형태에 대한 판단의 유보를 유도하고자 하는 것이다. 예를 들어,그와의 기억같은 경우 한 쪽 면은 손을 가지런히 모으고 예의바른 자세로, 동시에 다른 면은 뒷짐을 지고 있는 모습으로 보이게 하였다. 이는 단순한 동형반복배치를 넘어 보는 각도, 위치에 따라 하나의 대상이 각기 다른 이면을 가진 것으로 보일 수 있도록 유도한 것이다. 따라서 대상의 한쪽 면만을 관찰한다면 관람자는 자연스럽게 인물의 자세를 한가지로만 판단하는 오류를 범하게 될 것이다. 보는 것과 판단하는 것은 밀접한 관련이 있다. 그러나 하나의 대상, 사건을 바라보는 사람들의 시선은 그것들의 복잡성을 충분히 확인하지 못할 만큼 단순할 때가 많다. 본인은 이러한 일상적 고정관념을 화두로 편향된 정보들에 의해 파생되는 인지오류와 연관된 작업들을 중의적 표현 방법을 통해 지속적으로 풀어나가고자 한다.People tend to stretch the meaning of one aspect of situations or events they witnessed to the whole story as if it would be true and not to see the other side. Furthermore, they also have much tendency of arbitrarily accepting and interpreting them within their fixed ideas. In some sense, it is natural for them to think and behave like that. However, it may be apt to cause misunderstanding or chance of distorting truth. On the premise that the awareness error symptom occurs in situation where the biased information is easily accepted, I created the work in the type that the same shapes are joined back and forth and in the type of splitting up into two parts due to the distorted joint of shapes symbolizing the uniqueness of the object. This is to induce to reserve the judgment for the shape that can be naturally accepted considering one side of the object. As for He and His Memory, I made its posture of arms look different depending on positions, say, from the back and the front. When looked from one side, it poses in a very polite manner, holding hands each other while observed from another side, it folds his hands behind his back. My effort was to make the work look different according to angle and position at which an object is watched, not simply to show repeated arrangement of the same shape. Therefore, if audience observes it from only one side, they are naturally apt to misjudging the posture of the work. Seeing is closely related to judging. However, people often oversimplify objects or events that they see without fully considering complexity that may be hidden under them. I would like to keep pursuing the topic of commonly fixed notion through my works.Maste

Clinical and roentgenological peculirity of the intrahepatic stone.

의학과/석사[한글] [영문] A biliary calculus which is found at the intrahepatic biliary duct may be called intrahepatic calculus, and its clinical symptomatology of the intrahepatic calculi has not been thoroughly studied, for a rearity of such patient in American or in Europian countries and its radiological findings and surgical treatments are similarly not been well studies. However, it is suggested by many surgeons that an incidence of the intrahepatic calculi is high in oriental as well in Korean gall stone patients. For the last nine and a half years 68 cases of the intrahepatic calculi were encountered among the 283 cases of the gall stone patients seen at the dept. of surgery Yonsei University medical college, and its clinical incidence, symptomatology, radiological manifestations, and results of surgical experiences were reviewed and analysed. Incidence of the intrahepatic calculi to the all gall stone patients is about 24%, and majority of them(86.8%) are associated with gall bladder or common bile duct calculi and only 13.2% are considered pure primary intrahepatic calculi. Peak incidence was noted at the 4th decade and youngest patients was 17 years old and the oldest patient was 74 years old. There were no specific symptom complex which is particularly characteristic of the intrahepatic calculi. Of the 68 patients X-ray films are available only in 50 cases and preoperative radiological studies including G.B. series, I.V. cholangiograms, Upper G.I. series and the others did not help to confirm the presence of the intrahepatic calculi but in sporodic cases X-ray signs of positive biliary pathology such as air in the biliary tree were occasionally noted. On the operative cholangiograms and the follow up post-operative cholangiograms, radiolucent stone shadow were noted 46 to 62% of the cases reviewed. Stenosis and dilatation of the intrahepatic biliary duct were noted in 68-92% and poor visualization of the peripheral hepatic duct was noted in 50% to 82% of the 50 cases studied. This findings are due to a stone blocking further filling of the peripheral intrahepatic biliary duct during the cholangiography studies. The so called cut off sign that is simillarly produced by a presence of an intrahepatic calculi, are noted 4-16% of the cases. From these radiological findings it may be suggested that if any of the above mentioned radiological findings are observed a strong possibility of the intrahepatic calculi would be considered and a matter of fact patient better be trated as case of intrahepatic calculi. Typical X-ray findings of four intrahepatic calculi patient are illustrated togather with gross appearance of the intrahepatic calculi. the total number of surgical procedures were 242. The most common procedure was choledochostomy and this was done 70 times and cholecystectomy was done 52 times. Roux-en-Y choledocho-jejunostomy was done in 27 patients either as a primary procedure of the intrahepatic calculi or as a secondary procedure for the recurrency. One left hepatic lobectomy and one Long-mire procedure were also done for the recurrent cases. The period of observation was devided into two groups in order to compare a recurrent rate and a policy of the surgical treatment. First period of early 5 years, 25 cases were observed and at the primary surgery 22 cases had non-by-pass procedure but cholecystectomy choledochostomy and trans-duodenal sphincterotomy. Of the 22 patients, 18 cases(81.8%) had recurrency. At second period of later 5 years 22 out of 43 had non-by-pass procedure and 16 recurred(71.2%) contrary to this 21 out of 43(48.8%) had by-pass procedure and only 4 cases had recurrency. It is estimated that recurrent rate of pain or of residual calculi after non-by-pass procedure is over 70%. Through out the first and second period of observation over all recurrent rate is 72% in the first period and 46.5% in the 2nd period. This marked reduction of the recurrency may be contributed to the fact that 48.8% of entire cases at the 2nd period were undergone pass procedure. It is remarkable, however, that 4 patients or 19% of total by-pass-procedures had recurrency after the Roux-enY choledocho-jejunostomy. These all four patient similarly had long standing duration of the biliary symptoms unusally over 30 years and they also had stenosis and dilatation in the intrahepatic biliary tread and one required the Longmire operation.restrictio

A Scalable Inter-DomainRouting Scheme for QoS Guarantees in a High Speed WideArea Network

Docto

Wideband Variable Gain Amplifier with Low Phase Variation

낮은 위상 변화를 갖는 광대역 가변 이득 증폭기(VGA)가 개시된다. 제1 VGA는 증폭 이득이 가변되게 입력신호를 전류 조종 방식으로 증폭하여 출력하되, 그 증폭된 제1 출력신호의 이득 가변량이 커질수록 상대적 위상 변화량이 양의 방향과 음의 방향 중 어느 한 가지 방향으로 점차 증가하는 특성을 나타낸다. 제2 VGA는 제1 VGA로부터 증폭된 제1 출력신호를 입력받아 증폭 이득이 가변되게 전류 조종 방식으로 더 증폭하여 출력하되, 그 증폭된 제2 출력신호의 이득 가변량이 커질수록 상대적 위상 변화량이 제1 가변 이득 증폭기의 변화 방향과는 반대 방향으로 점차 증가하는 특성을 나타낸다. 제1 VGA와 제2 VGA 상호간의 상반된 위상 변화가 상쇄되어 낮은 위상 변화량을 가지면서 광대역 주파수 범위에 걸쳐서 입력신호에 대한 가변적인 증폭 이득을 제공한다. 제1 VGA의 입력단과 제2 VGA의 출력단에 입력단 임피던스 매칭 증폭기와 출력단 임피던스 매칭 증폭기가 각각 부가되어, 광대역 증폭에서도 입출력단의 임피던스 매칭 변화를 줄일 수 있고, 증폭 이득을 강화할 수 있으며, 증폭된 최종 출력의 선형성을 높일 수 있다

Variable Step-Size Affine projection Algorithm for a Non-Stationary System

1

가변 차수를 이용한 인접투사-Sign 알고리즘

2

공간 개방성에 따른 오디오 피드백의 음향 특성 제어와 이에 기반한 예술적 활용 연구

학위논문(박사) - 한국과학기술원 : 문화기술대학원, 2016.2 ,[iv, 126 p. :]Audio feedback, in which sound is generated through the connection of a microphone, signal processing components and a loudspeaker, is one of the popular structures used in computer music. Since audio feedback has a circular structure using the output signals as re-input signal, beyond the one-way relationship, it results in unique features and a lot of attempts have been made to take advantage of an audio feedback in music composition and sound arts. This dissertation practically explores audio feedback systems by developing control methods and applications according to environmental openness. Environmental openness, degree of contact with external energy and information, enables development of various musical applications depending on the structure. Since audio feedback features nonlinear characteristics, sonic control methods are required to create the feedback-based applications for specific purposes (e.g., performance, composition and exhibition). These are the reasons why this thesis includes control methods as well as artistic uses. By generating sounds using the feedback structure according to environmental openness and presenting control methods for certain sonic properties, we propose creative utilization of feedback systems in the fields of musical interactions while preserving the unique nonlinear characteristics. Classification of these methods also builds a new framework of audio feedback systems regarding sonic control, which would explore a wide range of potential applications. We present several systems in three types of environmental openness: closed, semi-open and open. Closed feedback structure is a typical model of Karplus-Strong algorithm and digital waveguide synthesis, and we propose synthesis models and instrument software for the Geomungo, a Korean traditional plucked-string instrument, with a time-varying filter for vibrato effects. Semi-open feedback system installed in a specific shape space (e.g., a pipe) generates resonant sounds, and we propose two types of feedback-based pipe interfaces. Open system could generate various timbres depending on the internal and external conditions, and we explore the methods for intentional control of audio feedback through a context-based control and an evolutionary control.한국과학기술원 :문화기술대학원