Factors Affecting the Ipsilateral Breast Tumor Recurrence after Breast Conserving Therapy in Patients with T1 and T2 Tumors

본 논문은 2008년 대한외과학회 추계학술대회에서 구연 발표되었음.Purpose: Nearly half of all breast cancers are treated with breast conserving therapy (BCT). The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors for ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) after BCT in T1 and T2 breast cancer patients. Methods: The medical records of 294 T1 or T2 breast cancer patients who underwent BCT at Seoul National University Hospital between January 1998 and December 2002 were retrospectively reviewed. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional regression analysis were used to identify the significant clinicopathologic factors that influence IBTR. Results: Among the 294 patients, 12 patients (4.8%) developed IBTR after a median follow-up of 82 months. Univariate analysis demonstrated that younger age (<= 35 year) had significant associations with IBTR (p=0.006). Tumor size, lymph node status, histologic grade, extensive intraductal component, lymphovascular invasion, and close resection margins were not significant factor associated with IBTR. The triple negative breast cancer subtype also did not have significant association with IBTR. Multivariate analysis showed that the younger age at diagnosis was a significant predictor of IBTR with a FIR of 3.86 (p=0.036; 95% CI, 1.09-13.60). Conclusion: Younger age at diagnosis (<= 35) may be associated with an increased risk of IBTR in patients who underwent BCT.Han W, 2010, BREAST CANCER RES TR, V119, P193, DOI 10.1007/s10549-009-0388-zBenson JR, 2009, LANCET, V373, P1463Luini A, 2009, BREAST CANCER RES TR, V113, P397, DOI 10.1007/s10549-008-9929-0Nguyen PL, 2008, J CLIN ONCOL, V26, P2373, DOI 10.1200/JCO.2007.14.4287Lee JW, 2007, J BREAST CANCER, V10, P206Dent R, 2007, CLIN CANCER RES, V13, P4429, DOI 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-3045KANG SH, 2007, J KOREAN SURG SOC, V73, P385Haffty BG, 2006, J CLIN ONCOL, V24, P5652, DOI 10.1200/JCO.2006.06.5664Ahn SH, 2006, BREAST CANCER RES TR, V99, P209, DOI 10.1007/s10549-006-9188-xWapnir IL, 2006, J CLIN ONCOL, V24, P2028, DOI 10.1200/JCO.2005.04.3273Komoike Y, 2006, CANCER, V106, P35, DOI 10.1002/cncr.21551Abe O, 2005, LANCET, V366, P2087Noh WC, 2005, WORLD J SURG, V29, P1001, DOI 10.1007/s00268-005-7928-4Kim KJ, 2005, JPN J CLIN ONCOL, V35, P126, DOI 10.1093/jjcolyhi039Han WS, 2004, BMC CANCER, V4, DOI 10.1186/1471-2407-4-82MORROW M, 2004, DIS BREAST, P719Arriagada R, 2003, ANN ONCOL, V14, P1617, DOI 10.1093/annonc/mdg452Singletary SE, 2002, AM J SURG, V184, P383Veronesi U, 2002, NEW ENGL J MED, V347, P1227Fisher B, 2002, NEW ENGL J MED, V347, P1233Freedman GM, 2002, J CLIN ONCOL, V20, P4015, DOI 10.1200/JCO.2002.03.155Haffty BG, 2002, LANCET, V359, P1471Jobsen JJ, 2001, EUR J CANCER, V37, P1820Sasson AR, 2001, CANCER, V91, P1862Voogd AC, 2001, J CLIN ONCOL, V19, P1688Park CC, 2000, J CLIN ONCOL, V18, P1668Freedman G, 1999, INT J RADIAT ONCOL, V44, P1005Peterson ME, 1999, INT J RADIAT ONCOL, V43, P1029SUH CO, 1997, J KOREAN SOC THER RA, V15, P331BORGER J, 1994, J CLIN ONCOL, V12, P653WAZER DE, 1992, J CLIN ONCOL, V10, P356SOLIN LJ, 1991, INT J RADIAT ONCOL, V21, P279JACQUEMIER J, 1990, BRIT J CANCER, V61, P873VERONESI U, 1990, EUR J CANCER, V26, P671FOURQUET A, 1989, INT J RADIAT ONCOL, V17, P719LOCKER AP, 1989, BRIT J SURG, V76, P890

Subgroup classification of breast cancer according to hormone receptors and HER2 protein expression status : serial analysis of ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :의학과 외과학전공,2007.Maste

High performance intermediate-band solar cells based on ZnTe:Cr with ZnO:Al electron transport layer

An intermediated-band in Cr-doped ZnTe (ZnTe:Cr) thin films was analyzed and high performance intermediate-band solar cells (IBSCs) were fabricated with a high-quality ZnO:Al electron transport layer (ETL). The energy band structure and defect states of the ZnTe:Cr absorber layer by means of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and deep level transient spectroscopy were investigated, and then two defect levels, L2 and L4, are positioned 0.3 and 1.14 eV above the valence band. Especially, it was confirmed that the 1.14 eV activation energy of the L4 defects corresponds to the energy required to reduce Cr+ to Cr2+ , which these defects are responsible for the intermediate band observed in the ZnTe:Cr thin film. From the optical and electrical measurements, the ZnO:Al thin film grown under the partial oxygen pressure (p(O-2)) of 1 mTorr show high mobility, low resistivity, and few antisite oxygens defects. Finally, the ZnTe:Cr IBSC with ETL of ZnO:Al grown under 1 mTorr p(O-2) showed photoelectric power conversion efficiency of 8.13%.This work was supported in part by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) and by the Ministry of Trade, Industry &amp;amp; Energy (MOTIE) (No. 20163030013380) of the Republic of Korea. KSL thanks Dr. Juwon Lee for his helpful comment on PLD growth

Electronic Transport Mechanism for Schottky Diodes Formed by Au/HVPE a-Plane GaN Templates Grown via In Situ GaN Nanodot Formation

We investigate the electrical characteristics of Schottky contacts for an Au/hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) a-plane GaN template grown via in situ GaN nanodot formation. Although the Schottky diodes present excellent rectifying characteristics, their Schottky barrier height and ideality factor are highly dependent upon temperature variation. The relationship between the barrier height, ideality factor, and conventional Richardson plot reveals that the Schottky diodes exhibit an inhomogeneous barrier height, attributed to the interface states between the metal and a-plane GaN film and to point defects within the a-plane GaN layers grown via in situ nanodot formation. Also, we confirm that the current transport mechanism of HVPE a-plane GaN Schottky diodes grown via in situ nanodot formation prefers a thermionic field emission model rather than a thermionic emission (TE) one, implying that Poole-Frenkel emission dominates the conduction mechanism over the entire range of measured temperatures. The deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) results prove the presence of noninteracting point-defect-assisted tunneling, which plays an important role in the transport mechanism. These electrical characteristics indicate that this method possesses a great throughput advantage for various applications, compared with Schottky contact to a-plane GaN grown using other methods. We expect that HVPE a-plane GaN Schottky diodes supported by in situ nanodot formation will open further opportunities for the development of nonpolar GaN-based high-performance devices.This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2016R1A6A1A03012069), the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP), and the Ministry of Trade, Industry, &amp;amp; Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No. 20163030013380)

Effects of herbicides on the soil-bacterial flora and their growth

환경관리학과/석사[한글] 제초제 Alachlor와 Paraquat가 토양세균류의 종 구성과 생장에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 밭토양을 대상으로 하여 한천평판배지와 Tryptic soy broth를 사용하여 실내실험 을 하였다. 종 구성 변화를 보기 위해서 Alachlor와 Paraquat를 각각 실사용 농도의 10배 , 5배, 2배, 1/2, 1/5, 1/10, 1/100을 첨가한 실험군 및 대조군의 한천평판배지에서 실험 한 결과, 대조군에서는 13속의 세균이 분리되었고, 실험군에서는 Alachlor 1/5, 1/10, 1/ 100농도와 Paraquat 1/100 농도에서만 세균의 발육이 있었으며 분리된 세균속은 Pseudomo nas-2**1)속 하나이었다. 분리된 세균속들의 생장변화를 측정하기 위해 세균류의 발육이 이루어진 농도인 Alachlor실사용농도의 1/5, 1/10, 1/1OO과 Paraquat 실사용농도의 1/100 의 실험군 및 대조군 Tryptic soy broth에서 측정한 결과 실험군의 한천평판 배지에서 분 리된 Pseudomonas속의 생장이 가장 우세하였다. 각 세균속의 생장차이가 제초제의 종류, 농도에 의해 영향을 받는 것이 통계적 유의성 이 있는가 보기 위하여 이중분류의 분산분석을 이용하여 검정하였으며, 실험방법별 및 세 균속별로 유의의 차이가 인정되었다. 가장 잘 자란 것은 제초제를 첨가한 배지에서 분리된 Pseudomonas속이고, 그 다음으로 잘 자란 것은 Corynebacterium, Alcaligenes, Staphylococcus속, 중간 정도의 생장을 보 인 것은 Xanthomonas, Bacillus, Arthrobacter속과 미분류 그람양성간균이었고, 낮은 생 장을 보인 것은 Micrococcus, Agromyces, Mycobacterium, Psedomonas-1**2), Agrobacteri um, Flavobacterium속이었다. 이상의 결과인, 제초제를 첨가한 배지에서 Pseudomonas속만 분리되었고 또한 분리된 세 균류를 대상으로한 Tryptic soy broth에서의 생장실험 결과도 Pseudomonas속이 가장 우세 하였다는 것은 제초제의 유입이 토양세균류의 종구성과 생장에 영향을 주어 Pseudomonas 속이 우세한 방향으로 토양미생물생태계의 변화가 초래될 수 있다는 것을 나타내주는 것 이다. 앞으로 계속 제초제의 토양생태계에 미치는 영향과 인간에게 미치는 영향에 대하여 환 경보건적 관점에서 더욱 조사가 이루어져야할 것이다. [영문] This study was carried out to observe the microfloral changes and the growth of soil bacteria in the upland soils, on the Nutrient agar plates treated with Alachlor and Paraquat, herbicides widely using in the field. In the experiments for the changing patterns of normal bacterial flora on the herbicide-treated plates, Alachlor and Paraquat were mixed with Nutrient agar in the concentrations of 10 ×, 5 ×, 2 ×, 1/5 ×, 1/10 × and 1/100 × of usual dosage respectively. Only Pseudomonas spp. was colonized on the plates treated with Alaohlor in the concentrations of 1/5 ×, 1/10 × and 1/100 ×, and with Paraquat in the concentration of 1/100 × of usual dosage, although thirteen genera were isolated from the untreated control plates. In older to compare the growth rates of bacterial flora cultured, on the experimented and control plates, Tryptic soy broth media were employed in this study. Among bacterial flora identified in this experiment, only Pseudomonas spp. dominantly grew in the broth. The growth of bacterial flora was also significantly affected by the kinds and concentrations of herbicides employed(p<0.O1). Summarizing the above results, it is evident that application of herbicides might seriously affect the normal micro-flora in the soil so as to change the soil ecosystems. The further studies should be carried out in terms relationships between environment and human health.prohibitio

삼중음성 유방암 세포주에서 mRNA 발현과 CpG 메틸화 분석을 통한 docetaxel 반응성의 예측

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 의학과, 2011.8. 노동영.Docto