복지관 이용 노인의 발 건강 상태와 발 관리 수행 실태

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 간호학과, 2012. 8. 송미순.노인의 건강은 독립성과 기동성을 유지하는 것과 밀접한 관계가 있으며, 발은 신체부위 중 가장 하부에 위치하여 몸의 균형을 유지하고 지지하여, 보행 및 독립적인 활동을 하도록 하는 데 중요한 역할을 한다. 따라서 노인의 발의 건강상태를 향상시키기 위한 중재를 계획하기 위해서는 먼저 노인의 발의 상태에 대한 객관적 정보와 발의 상태를 결정하는 관련 요인에 대한 기초 연구 및 발 자기관리 수행 실태를 파악하는 것이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구는 노인의 발 건강 상태와 발 관리 수행 실태를 확인하고, 이에 영향을 끼치는 요인을 규명하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 횡단적 서술적 조사연구로 2012년 3월 9일부터 4월2일까지 서울 시내 1개 노인종합복지관에 등록된 노인 중 연구 참여에 서면 동의한 65세 이상 노인 180명으로부터 설문지 및 간호사에 의한 족부 사정으로 자료를 수집하였다. 수집한 자료는 PASW statistics 18.0 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였으며 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 노인에서 발의 문제를 1가지 이상 가지고 있는 대상자가 94.4%이었고, 개인당 평균 3.49개의 문제를 가지고 있었다. 발의 문제 중 통증의 빈도가 51.1%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 족부변형과 관련된 무지외반증이 46.1%, 왜곡족지 16.1%, 피부문제인 굳은살(45%), 피부건조(37.2%), 티눈(23.9%)이 나타났으며, 궤양이 있는 경우가 1.1%였고, 발톱문제 중에는 변색 40.6%, 비후 22.2%, 조갑박리증과 내향성발톱이 25%였다. 족부백선은 대상자의 41.7%, 부종은 3.3%였다. 발 문제는 무지외반증(χ2= 12.091, p= .001)과 통증(χ2=6.341, p= .012)이 성별에 유의하게 차이가 있었고, 발의 통증과 당뇨(χ2=6.791, p= .009), 관절염(χ2=7.957, p= .005), 비만 (χ2=5.508, p= .012)에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 2) 주관적 발 건강상태의 평가는 Benett 등의 FHSQ (Foot Health Status Questionnaire)를 이용하였다. 이 도구는 최저0점~ 최대 100점 구간 도구로, 각 점수는 높을수록 좋음을 의미한다. 발 통증의 평균은 82.55(±23.06)점, 발의 기능은 87.08(±22.25)점, 발에 맞는 신발선택의 용이성은 59.40 (±22.25)점, 전반적 발 건강상태는 61.11±(24.42)점이었다. 발의 통증은 여성일 때(t= 2.324, p=.021), 연령이 낮을 때 (t= -2.303, p=.023), 당뇨병(t= -2.784, p= .007), 비만 (t= -2.879, p= .004), 관절염(t= -2.229, p= .027), 아토피(t= -3.149, p= .002)가 있을 때, 발 치료의 과거력이 있을 때(t= -2.106, p= .037) 유의하게 높았다. 전반적인 발의 건강상태는 배우자가 없을 때(t= 2.780, p= .006), 당뇨병 (t= -2.634, p= .009), 관절염(t= -4.106, p <.001), 시력저하가 있을 때(t= -2.378, p= .018)에 유의하게 낮았다. 전반적 발 건강상태에 대한 예측요인을 확인하기 위해 단계적 다중회귀분석을 한 결과 통증 정도, 관절염유무, 궤양유무, 피부건조유무, 발의 기능 정도, 연령이 유의한 변수로 나타났으며 이 6가지 변수가 발 건강상태의 43.8%를 설명하였다. 3) 발 관리 수행점수는 평균 61.29±8.79점(가능한 최대 점수 80점)이었으며, 가장 높은 점수로 나타난 문항은 잘 맞는 편한 신발을 신는다로 평균점수가 4.81점이었고, 반면 가장 낮은 점수를 나타낸 문항은 발을 씻은 후 로션이나 크림을 바른다와 발톱을 깎기 전 발을 물에 불린다로 각각 2.57, 2.70점이었다. 발 관리 수행 정도는 여성에서 높고(t= -2.43, p= .016), 연령이 높은 군이 높고(t= -2.461, p= .015), 시력저하가 있는 군이 유의하게 낮았다(t= -2.142, p= .034). 발 관리 수행 정도에 유의한 예측요인은 성별, 시력저하 유무이었고, 이 2개변수가 발관리 수행 정도의 6.8%를 설명하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 노인의 발의 문제는 흔하며, 특히 발의 변형 및 발톱과 관련된 문제가 많았다. 발의 주관적인 건강상태는 심각하지는 않았으나, 밝혀진 예측 요인에 따라 적절한 중재를 수행할 필요가 있다. 노인의 발에 대한 자기관리 수행 정도가 높지 않은 경우에는, 발관리의 필요성에 대한 인식이나 습관 부족이 그 원인으로 나타났다. 따라서 발 자기관리 수행 프로그램은 당뇨병, 관절염, 시력저하가 있는 대상자에게 우선적으로 제공할 필요가 있다. 또한 발 관리 내용 중 가장 시행이 되지 않는 부분인 발을 씻은 후 로션 도포, '발톱 깎기 전 물에 불리기 등을 설명 및 강조할 필요가 있다.The health of the older adult is closely related to maintaining independence and mobility. The feet located in the lower part of the body have an important role in maintaining body balance, walking and independent activity. More research is needed on developing interventions that can improve the foot health status of the old adult which should include information on the older adults foot health status and related factors and on foot self-care status. Therefore, this study investigated the foot health and foot self-care status of the older adult and established related factors. This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study that included 180 people aged 65 and over who were registered at a senior center in Seoul. Data were collected from March 9 to April 2 in 2012. In this study, data were collected after receiving written consent from the individual participants after explaining to them the purpose of the study. Participants answered the questionnaire and had their feet assessed by a nurse. The data were analyzed using the PASW statistics 18.0 program. The findings were as follows: 1) 94.4% of the older adult had more than one kind of foot problem and had on average 3.49 problems per person. The incidence of pain was the highest (51.1%) in the foot problems, followed by hallux valgus associated foot deformities at 46.1%, calluses at 45%, dry skin at 37.2%, corns at 23.9%, and ulcers at 1.1%. The toenail problems were as follows: 1.1% had discoloration, 22.2% hyperkeratosis, and 25% onycholysis and ingrown toenails. Tinea pedis and edema were observed in 41.7% and 3.3%, respectively. Hallux valgus(χ2= 12.091, p= .001) and foot pain(χ2=6.341, p= .012) were significantly different according to gender. Foot pain was also significantly different according to medical condition like diabetes mellitus(χ2=6.791, p= .009), arthritis(χ2=7.957, p= .005) and obesity(χ2=5.508, p= .012). 2) A subjective evaluation of foot health status was conducted with the Bennetts FHSQ(Foot Health Status Questionnaire). From this method, a score of 0 indicates poor foot health and a score of 100 indicates optimum foot health. The item mean score was 82.55 (±23.06) for foot pain, 87.08 (±22.25) for foot function, 59.40 (±22.25) for shoes, and 61.11± (24.42) for general foot health. Foot pain was significantly higher when someone was female(t= 2.324, p=.021), younger in age(t= -2.303,p=.023) and had the following conditions: past history of foot problems(t= -2.106, p= .037), diabetes(t= -2.784, p= .007), obesity(t= -2.879, p= .004), arthritis(t= -2.229, p= .027) andatopic dermatitis(t= -3.149, p= .002). The score for general foot health was significantly lower when someone had diabetes (t= -2.634, p= .009), arthritis(t= -4.106, p <.001), poor vision(t= -2.378, p= .018) and no spouse(t= 2.780, p= .006). Significant predictive factors were pain, arthritis, ulcer, dry skin, foot function and age, with these factors accounting for 43.8% of the self-care behavior. 3) The foot self-care behavior mean score was 61.29±8.79 (maximum 80). The highest score item was I wear comfortable, well-fitting shoes (4.81). The lowest score item was I use lotion or cream after I wash my feet (2.57) and I soak my toenails in warm water only on the day I trim my toenails (2.70). Foot self-care was significantly higher when someone was female(t= -2.43, p= .016), older in age(t= -2.461, p= .015) and had poor vision(t= -2.142, p= .034). Significant predictive factors were gender and poor vision, with these factors accounting for 6.8% of the foot self-care behavior. In conclusion, older adults have many foot problems, especially related with foot deformity and toenails. Their subjective foot health status was not serious, but a foot care program on the identified predictive factors needs to be carried out. The low foot self-care behavior of the older adult was because they lacked the necessity and habit for foot self-care behavior. Therefore, a foot self-care program needs to be provided to older adults who have diabetes mellitus, arthritis or poor vision. In addition, a foot care program needs to explain and emphasize some of the most unpracticed behaviors like Using lotion or cream after washing feet, Soaking toenails in warm water only on days toenails are trimmed and so on.국문초록 ⅰ Ⅰ. 서론 1 1. 연구의 필요성 1 2. 연구의 목적 3 3. 용어의 정의 4 Ⅱ. 문헌고찰 5 1. 노년기 발의 변화 5 2. 노인의 발 자기관리 8 3. 노인의 발 건강상태 영향요인 10 Ⅲ. 연구방법 13 1. 연구설계 13 2. 연구대상자 13 3. 자료수집도구 14 4. 자료수집방법 16 5. 자료분석방법 17 Ⅳ. 연구결과 18 1. 대상자의 특성 18 2. 발 건강상태 22 3. 발 관리 수행정도 33 4. 전반적 발 건강상태와 발 자기관리에 영향을 미치는 요인 36 Ⅴ. 논의 37 1. 노인의 발 건강상태 37 2. 노인의 발 관리 수행실태 41 Ⅵ. 결론 및 제언 44 1. 결론 44 2. 제언 46 참고문헌 47 부록 52 Abstract 62Maste

Carl Orff와 Zoltan Kodaly 음악지도법의 비교연구

本 硏究는 金世界的으로 音樂敎育의 새 指導法으로서 採擇되고 있는 독일의 音樂家 랄·을프(Carl Orff,8885~ )와 헝가리의 音樂家 졸탄·코다이 (Zolt?n Kod?ly, 1882~1967)의 音樂指導法榮을 調査硏究하여, 이들의 音樂敎育시스템과 指導法의 重要性을 인식하고, 同時에 우리나라 音樂敎育에는 어떤 영향이 있을 것이며, 앞으로 適用되어 질 可龍性을 제시하여, 좀 더 바람직한 指導法을 硏究하고 져 하였다. Orff 와 Kod?ly의 指導法의 內容은 各論 그 理論約 背景으로 그들의 생애와 作品 傾向을 歷史的으로 陳述하고, 또한 敎育理念, 敎育課程, 敎材등을 調査한 結果률 要約하면, 다음과 같다. 1. Orff의 指導法은 卽興的인 個人의 表現 能力을 강조한 創造的인 學習活動을 중시하였고, 어린이들의 興味를 고려한 敎材의 採擇과 많은 音樂 經驗으로 本質的인 啓發에 중정을 두었다. 2. Kod?ly의 指導法은 旋律 위주의 노래와 階名唱法을 강조한 단계적인 指導를 통해 讀譜力 伸張을 중시하여 모든 어린이가 노래 할 수 있는 能力을 길러 주는 訓練에 중점을 두었다. 3. Orff 와 Kod?ly 가 재창한 시스템의 根本 共通点으로는 모든 어린이를 위한 早期敎育으로 많은 音樂活動을 경험시키고 音樂 敎材의 單純化와 民族音樂을 敎材로 사용한 点등이다. 그리고 指導法指을 比較하면, 이들의 技法에서도 共通点과 差異点을 볼 수 있다. Orff의 “악기사용”과 Kod?ly의 “계명창법”, “손 기호”는 各各 獨創的인 指導法으로 區分된다. 以上과 같은 事實로 미루어 보아 Orff와 Kod?ly의 音榮指導法은 音榮敎育 發展에 중요한 계기를 마련하였음을 알 수가 있다. 우리나라 音樂 敎育過程이 西洋音樂의 단순한 모방을 하여 오다가 近來에와서 우리의 傳統 音樂을 敎材로 이용하기 始作한 이 때에 더욱 Orff나 Kod?ly의 指導法이 要求된다고 보여 진다. 그러므로 우리는 實情에 맞는 指導法과 敎材 開發을 積極的으로 試圖하여야 하겠다. 따라서 敎育現場에서의 敎育敎師들은 어린이들의 音樂敎育을 士台로한 이들 시스템( System)의 철저한 理解로 學習에 適用할 創造的인 硏究와 努力을 계속하는데 本 硏究가 하나의 資料로서 활용되어 末衆指向的인 우리나라 音樂敎育에 많은 발전이 이루어 지기를 바라는 바이다.;This study is solelv focused to have a true appreciation of the importance of the music systems and methods of teaching introduced by Carl Orff (1895--), German musician, and Zolt?n Kod?ly (1882--1967), Hungarian musician, which have been adopted as the new approach to music education widely known all over the world, through carrying out the survey of their methods of music teaching. And this aims at continuouslv studying more desirable method of teachihg by finding out how the system and it&amp;apos;s methods will affect on the music education in our country and by the presentation of the possibility of therie real use. Besides contents in the methods of teaching by 0rff and Kod?ly, it can be found that there are their lives, musical styles, educational idealogy, curriculum and materials. These ere as follows: 1. The method of teaching by Orff is focused to place great emphasis on creative learning activity based on the individual power of improvisatorial expression. And the adaption of materials which are interested in learners and the development of musical talent by many years of music experience can be found to be emphasized. 2. The method of teaching by Kod?ly is focused to train learners to sing a song through reading music by the phased guidance based on melody singing and solfege singing. 3. It can be found that there are something in common in radical ideology of the system proposed by Orff and Kod?ly. In view of the results so far achieved above, the methods of teaching by Orff and Kod?ly can be found to have had a great influence of the development of Music education. The Music education in our country which was a simply clever imitation of Western music, and recently have begun to use folk music as materials can be found to require the methods of teaching by Orff ana Kod?ly. Therefor, we must make an attempt to develope the music teaching techniques and material positively. The music teaching at schools is believed to make great progress in music education in our country through understanding Orff&amp;apos;s and Kod?ly system based on music education for learners and making creative efforts and studying continuously for the adaptation of these systems.I. 서론 1 II. Carl, Orff의 생애와 교육이념 3 A. Carl Orff 의 생애와 작품 및 음악적 특징 3 B. Orff 의 교육이념 13 III. Zoltan Kodaly(이미지 참조)의 생애와 교육이념 25 A. Zoltan Kodaly(이미지 참조)의 생애와 작품 및 음악적 특징 25 B. Kodaly(이미지 참조) 의 교육이념 35 IV. 지도법, 교육과정 및 교재의 비교 44 A. Orff 44 B. Kodaly(이미지 참조) 67 C. 비교 85 1) 공통점 85 2) 차이점 87 V. 결론 및 제언 91 참고문헌 93 ABSTRACT 9

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학위논문(석사)--아주대학교 일반대학원 :NCW학과,2014. 2Maste

Multiplication of macrophage associated mycobacterium lepraemurium in mouse footpad

의학과/박사[한글] 거식세포는 체외에서 들어온 항원 또는 세균에 대하여 비특이적 탐식 및 식균작용이 있 고 또한 임파구에 항원정보를 전달하여 특히 면역반응을 유발할 뿐만 아니라 면역과정에 서 활성화된 최종작동세포로 작용함으로써 미생물 감염에 있어 체액항체성 및 세포성면역 기전에 의한 방어작용을 나타낸다. 면역과정에서 거식세포의 역할을 규명하기 위하여 많은 학자들이 연구하였던 바, 일반 항원을 거식세포에 전처치한 후 생체내 투여할 경우 항원만 단독으로 투여한 경우에 비하 여 숙주의 면역반응이 증강(carver 및 Campbell, 1957; Askonas 및 Rhodes, 1965) 혹은 감소(Morita 및 Perkins, 1965; Parkins 및 Makinodan, 1965)한다고 하였으며 한편 Argyr is(1967)는 두 경우 사이에 특별한 차이가 없음을 보고하였다. 이처럼 시험관 내에서 거식세포에 탐식시킨 항원을 생체내 투여할 경우 이 항원에 대한 숙주의 면역반응에 미치는 영향은 아직도 논란의 여지가 많다. 따라서 본 연구에서는, 전술한 보고자들이 실험에 사용한 일반항원들과는 달리, 살아서 증식할 수 있는 항원인 서라균을 이의 숙주세포인 동시에 이 균에 대한 숙주의 주 방어 기전에 있어 최종작동세포로 작용하는 양면성을 지닌 거식세포에, 미리 시험관내에서 탐 식시킨 후 이를 마우스의 족저부에 접종하여 서라균을 단독으로 접종한 대조군과 함께 균 접종 족저부 및 각 장기에서의 서라균 증식양상 및 서라균항원에 대한 지연형 과민반응 출현을 비교 관찰하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 서라균을 동계마우스(C^^3H)의 복강거식세포에 탐식시켜 족저부에 접종한 실험군에서 서라균의 장기내 출현시기는 서라균을 단독 접종한 대조군에 비하여 조기에 출현하는 경 향을 보였으나 서라균 접종 족저부에서의 균 증식 및 서라균항원에 대한 지연형 과민반응 에 있어서는 양군간에 차이를 관찰할 수 없었다. 따라서 일반항원을 거식세포에 전처치하 여 투여할 때 관찰할 수 있는 면역반응의 증강 또는 감소와는 달리, 거식세포에 탐식시킨 서라균을 접종했을 때 서라균의 감염에 대한 숙주 방어기전에 영향을 미치지 못하는 것 으로 사료된다. 한편 서라균 10**5 감염후 서라균항원에 대한 지연형 과민반응이 20주 후에 점차 소실 되어감을 관찰할 수 있었으며 이는 서라감염이 진행될수록 세포성면역이 저하되기 때문으 로 사료된다. [영문] It has been well known that macrophages are taking an important role in the nonspecific host resistance by phagocytizing pathogenic microorganisms and on the other hand, play an essential part in variety of immune precesses including presentation of antigens to lymphocyte, sensitization of lymphocyte, and are acting as activated effector cells. The nature of antigen processing by macrophages has received much attention in recent years. Some investigators reported that immunogenecity of antigens was enhanced by macrophage ingestion (Garvey and Campbell, 1957; Askonas and Rhodes, 1965; Uhr and weissman, 1965). However, others suggested that immunogenic activity of antigens was destroyed by macrophage contact(Morita and Pertains. 1965; Perkins and Makinodan, 1965). On the other hand, Argyris (1967) reported that it was not altered by macrophage contact, that is there was no enhancement or suppression in immunogenecity of antigen by pre-treatment with macrophages in vitro. Thus, the living bacteria which can parasitize and multiply in macrophages were used as a source of antigen instead of non-viable antigenic materials which had been used for these type of researches by others. The living antigen selected was Mycobacteria lepraemurium which is known to he a obligatory intracellular parasite to macrophage, It is the generally accepted fact that the macroptages are the most effective final effector cells in host defense upon mycobacterial infections. This unique relationship may pause a certain contradictory interaction between offensive role of the bacteria and defensive roles of the macrophages in the host. In this experiment, bacteria engulfed macrophages were inoculated into the footpad of the syngeneic mice (experimental group). Bacterial growth in various organs inclunding the footpad of the experimental animals was comparatively studied. Delayed type of hypersensitivity was also examined comparatively with that of the animals inoculated with the bacteria only without any kinds of pre-treatment (control group). The results of this experiment may be summarized as follows; 1. The phagocytic index (number of M. lepraemurium phagocytized by 100 macrophages) reached its maximum value after elapse of 6 hours after inoculation of 0.1ml of M. lepraemurium suspension(1.0×10**8/ml) into the macrophage monolayer(1.7×10**6 macrophages/Leighton tube). 2. A significant increase(10**3 fold) in M. lepraemurium population in mouse footpad was observed at the 12th week after inoculation with 10**5 bacteria into the footpad cia macrophages. However, this increase was not obvious when 10**7 bacteria were introduced by the same mechanism. 3. When 10**5 M. lepraemurium phagocytized into macrophages in vitro were inoculated into the footpad, no remarkable differences were observed in the multiplication of M. lepraemurium in the inoculated footpad compared with the control group. The thickness changes of the footpad injected with 10**5 M. lepraemurium within 20th week after inoculation were not significant. However. in the animals inoculated with 10**7 bacteria, the thickening of injected footpad became obvious since 15th week post-inoculation. 4. It seemed that propagation of M. lepraemurium into the various organs after footpad inoculation cia macroptages in experimental group was faster than that in control group. 5. Belayed hypersensitivity against soluble M. lepraemurium antigen at 17 and 20th week after footpad inoculation of M. lepraemurium was not meaningfully different when that of experimental stoup was compared with that of controls. This reaction seemed to be weakened and disappear from 20th week after footpad inoculation. Therefore, it was tentatively concluded that those enhancement and/or suppression of host defense mechanism due to application of non-viable antigen via macrophageg might not be seen in the experiment in which live M. lepraemurium were introduced into animals via macrophages.restrictio

Experimental tuberculosis in Korean chipmunks treated with steroid (cortisone acetate) injection and whole body gamma-ray irradiation

의학과/석사[한글] [영문] The detection of the tubercle bacilli is absolutely necessary to make a diagnosis of tuberculosis. Recent reports state that the rate of detection of tubercle bacilli in the patient's sputum or urine is decreasing because of the abuse of anti-tuberculous drugs and the resistance developed in the experimental animals such as mice and guinea pigs. (Marks. 1972). Therefore the necessity for the development of a better diagnostic method has been mandatory. Recently, its has been reported that Korean chipmunks (Tamias sibiricus asiaticus, Gmelin)are highly susceptible to tubercle bacilli (Chang et al, 1971). Also it has been known that steroid administration and whole body irraduatuin results in immunosuppression in experimental animals. The specific object of this study is to find a more accurate and prompt mehtod for the detection of tubercle bacilli in a patient's urine or sputum and to allpy the method clinically. Hence the effect of cortisone and gamma-ray irradiation on experimental tuberculosis in Korean chipmumks has been studied. Tubercle bacilli, H37 Rv, were inoculated into the chipmumks peritoneal cavity to induce tuberculosis. The Korean Chipmunks were divided into eight experimental groups of 10 animals each in the test groups and 5 in the controls. Group Ⅰ. Simultaneously treated : An injection with cortisone acetate 5mg. was given daily after the bacilli inoculation. Ⅱ. Pre-treated : An injection with cortisone acetate 5mg. was given daily for one week prior to bacilli inoculation. Ⅲ. Post-treated : An injection with cortisone acetate 5mg. was given daily one week after bacilli inoculation. Ⅳ. Whole body gamma-ray irradiation Gamma-ray irradiation was given just before the bacilli inoculation. Groups Ⅴ.Ⅵ.Ⅶ. and Ⅷ. were controls. Every week during the experiment, 2 test and 1 control animals were weighed and sacrificed for observation of tuberculous changes in the peritoneal fluid, spleen, lung, liver and kidneys. The results are briefly summarized as follows : 1. Compaired with tuberculous control, Group Ⅰ,Ⅱ. and Ⅲ. revealed a miled decrease in body weght until the 4th week of the experiment. In comtrast, Group Ⅳ. showed a marked decrease until the 18th day and thereafter none had survived. 2. In Group Ⅰ, tubercle bacilli were found in the peritoneal fluid, spleen, liver and lung on the 7th day of the experiment. There were very significant tuberculous changes when compaired with other groups. 3. Compaired with GroupⅠ, Group Ⅳ. showed less significant tuberculous change by pathologic examination and in the bacterial count Ridley index on 1st week of the experiment. Thereafter, the disease process abruptly became severe. 4. These fingings suggest that cortisone administration for the purpose of immunosuppression in the tuberculous Korean chipmunks induces the disease to become more severe and spreads the tuberculosis extensively. So it is belived that if sputum or urine is inoculated into immunosuppressed animals, such as cortisone treated Korean chipmunks, the rate of detection of tubercleb acilli would be higher and more accurate. Further effort is necessary for the clinical application of use of the immunosuppressed animals as a better diagnostic tool.restrictio

경수로 노외 노심용융물 유출 중대사고시 파편잔해층 형성에 관한 연구

DoctorDuring severe accidents of light water reactors (LWRs), the coolability of relocated corium from the reactor vessel is a significant safety issue since the failure in cooling and stabilizing the molten core in the containment vessel threatens the integrity of the containment boundary. With a flooded cavity, where a water pool is prepared in the reactor cavity prior to the accidental drop of molten core to it by the reactor vessel failure, it is expected that a porous debris bed develops on the bottom of the pool due to breakup and fragmentation of the melt jet. For conducting a realistic coolability assessment and devising a reasonable accident management plan, it is required to understand the nature of the debris bed formation and its geometrical configuration. Generally, it is expected that the high density particle mixture sedimentation results in a debris bed as a steep-angled pile, and that the debris bed has stratification with larger particles on the bottom. However, a previous work with computer simulation of debris bed formation considering the decay heat of corium (molten core material) particle bed by Yakush et al. (2009) showed a possibility of rather flattened shape of the debris bed. The influence of such a thermal effect on the internal structure of debris bed has not been studied, yet. The Debris Bed Research Apparatus for Validation of the Bubble-Induced Natural Convection Effect Issue (DAVINCI) experimental facility was constructed to investigate the formation of a debris bed under the influence of two-phase flow induced by steam generation due to the decay heat of the debris bed. Cylindrical shaped stainless steel particles were used as simulant debris particles and dropped from the top of a water pool, while air bubbles simulating the vapor flow were injected from the bottom of the water pool through the particle catcher plate. From stepwise sedimentation tests with consideration of decay heat of the debris bed that increases with increase of the mass, the debris bed growth pattern was examined. The change of vapor generation rate according to the bed growth were simulated by individual air injection rate control for the 32 local sections on the particle catcher plate based on the local debris bed volume data from 3D scanning of the resultant debris bed in each step. The experimental results showed that the bubble-induced two-phase natural convection affects particle settling trajectories, and their arrival location, resulting in the growth of a debris bed with a larger distribution radius while keeping an almost constant slope angle. Based on the experimental results, an analytical model was developed to describe the spreading of the debris bed in terms of two-phase flow characteristics and the debris fall parameters. The model was then applied for the analysis of the debris bed formation at the reactor scale, and a sensitivity analysis was carried out based on key accident parameters, including the quantity of corium melt, cavity flooding water level, volumetric decay heat rate, and the size of the melt jet. For investigating the internal structure of the debris bed, sedimentation test with single size particles and mixtures of different size particles were carried out under various two-phase natural convection flow conditions. Based on the local sampling of particles, the characteristics of internal structure of the debris bed were identified. The particle size distribution, porosity, and permeability were examined in radial and axial directions. The experimental results showed that the center part of the particle bed tended to have larger particles more than the peripheral area. For the axial distribution, the lower layer had higher fraction of larger particles in the short term of sedimentation. However, as the sedimentation progressed, the size distribution in the upper layers, which are formed later, shifts to larger sizes due to higher vapor generation rate and stronger flow intensity. The present series of experiments provided the data on the external and internal geometrical configuration of debris beds under realistic two-phase flow conditions, partially by employing the time sequential approach. Also, the data qualitatively provide validation of the previous simulation works on the debris sedimentation and debris bed formation by Yakush et al (2009) that suggested the influence of two-phase natural convection on the debris bed geometry. Furthermore, a pioneering analytical model was suggested