비수계 흐름 전지의 전기화학 성능 향상을 위한 질소를 포함하는 산화환원쌍의 구조 개선

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 화학생물공학부, 2017. 2. 오승모.As redox couples for non-aqueous flow batteries, the electrochemical and physicochemical properties of several nitrogen-containing molecules are examined. Nitrogen atom have lone pair electrons, which is applicable as ligand and redox centerthereby applying as redox couple design. Moreover, the negative charged nitrogen atom is nucleophile, resulting readily functional group substitution by SN2 reaction. Thus, nitrogen atom can be applied as ligand molecule, redox center and the attachment center of aliphatic group for structural modification of redox couples. While non-aqueous flow battery is highlighted by its energy density from wide electrochemical stability window of organic electrolyte, the solubility drawback is remained problem for practical application of non-aqueous system. Since the nitrogen can be applied with diverse manner for molecule design, the limitation of solubility can be resolved by rational design of nitrogen-containing redox couples. At first, an azamacrocyclic ligand-based complex cation, nickel(II)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (cyclam) is examined as a single redox couple for non-aqueous flow batteries. Single redox couple has advantageous feature for practical application because permanent loss of active material from cross-contamination at dual electrolyte-comprised cell is completely prevented. The energy density of this complex cation is tailored by easily dissociative counter anions and using highly dielectric solvents. The nickel(II)-chelated complex cation demonstrates high solubility (0.8 M) and working voltage (2.55 V) with bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide anion, resulting the energy density of 27.3 W h L-1. Secondly, nitrogen atom is used as two redox centers in p-phenyldiamines (PD) as positive redox couple. Two amine groups (-NH2) in PD offers two redox reactions with single organic molecule. Thus, the demonstrated volumetric capacity from PD is twice higher than conventional one electron-involved redox couples at same concentrationthereby alloying cost advantages. Nevertheless, the solubility and chemical/electrochemical stability drawbacks are remained for flow battery applications in PD redox couple. Methyl substitution affects the solubility and chemical reversibility of redox couple because the methyl groups eliminates hydrogen bonding and shields foreign attack from electrolyte components. Fully-methyl substituted N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) delivers high energy density with 938.0 W h L-1, which is from 5.0 M of solubility and 3.2 and 3.8 V (vs. Li/Li+) of working voltages. Furthermore, TMPD has facile diffusion rate, which is desirable for good rate capability. Finally, butyl-substituted, N-butylphthalimide (BPI) is proposed as negative redox couple for non-aqueous flow batteries. The ten-fold increase of solubility (5.0 M) and decrease of melting point is from the less-packed asymmetric structure by attaching butyl groups on nitrogen atom. The strong correlation between maximum solubility and melting point implies this result. The electron-donating effect and solvation change of butyl groups shift the working voltage (0.1 V), resulting higher energy density. Consequently, BPI/TMPD comprised flow cell demonstrates promising electrochemical performance as all-organic flow batteries and the theoretical energy density of this cell is 120.6 W h L-1. The nitrogen-containing redox couple design is accomplished by directional approaching based on ideal solubility equation. Designed redox couples have higher energy density than conventional aqueous electrolyte onesfor instance, all-vanadium redox flow batteries, 25.0 W h L-1. Thus, the high energy density non-aqueous flow batteries are designed by comprising nitrogen-containing molecules.Abstract i List of Figures iv List of Tables x 1. Introduction 1 2. Background 5 2.1. Electrochemistry and electrochemical methods 5 2.2. Thermodynamics of melting and its effect on solubility 10 2.3. Redox-flow batteries 12 2.3.1. Aqueous flow batteries 13 2.3.2 Non-aqueous flow batteries 16 2.3.2.1 Metal-ligand complex based system 18 2.3.2.2 Organic molecule based system 19 2.3.2.3 Semi-solid suspension based system 21 2.3.2.4 Polymer-dissolved electrolyte based system 21 3. Experimental 23 3.1. Synthesis of Ni(II)-chelated complex cations 23 3.1.1 Synthesis of Ni(II)(azamacrocyclic ligands)X2 (X = Cl-, ClO4-) 23 3.1.2 Synthesis of Ni(II)(cyclam)X2 (X = Tf-, TFSI-) 23 3.2. Electrochemical characterization 24 3.2.1 Cyclic voltammetry 24 3.2.2 Cell preparation and galvanostatic cell cycling 24 3.2.2.1 Non-flowing H-cell test 24 3.2.2.2 Non-flowing coin-cell test 25 3.2.2.3 Flow battery test 25 3.2.3 Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) test 25 3.2.4 Galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) 26 3.3. Spectroscopic characterization 26 3.3.1 Surface analysis of inert electrode 26 3.3.2 Assignment of metal-ligand complex 27 3.3.3 Post-mortem electrolyte analysis 27 3.3.4 Maximum solubility measurement 27 3.4. Quantitative analysis on thermal properties of solids 28 3.5. Estimation of redox couple stability by theoretical calculation 28 4. Results and discussion 29 4.1. Uncompensated resistance and inert electrode surface 29 4.2. Verification of thermodynamic parameters for solubility enhancement of redox couples 34 4.3. A tetradentate azamacrocylic Ni(II) complex cation as a single redox couple for non-aqueous flow batteries 36 4.3.1 The effects of cavity size and counter anion on the electrochemistry and solubility of complex cation 37 4.3.2 The electrochemistry of Ni(II)(cyclam)[ClO4]2 and its application for non-aqueous flow battery electrolyte 50 4.3.3 Further modification of counter anions for enhancement of solubility of complex cation 61 4.4. Introduction of functional groups on redox couples for desirable dual functionalities as non-aqueous flow battery electrolytes 66 4.4.1 Functional group effects on organic redox couples: solubility, chemical stability and redox potential 67 4.4.1.1 Methylation effects on solubility and stability of p-phenylenediamine-based positive redox couples 68 4.4.1.2 Introduction effects of aliphatic chain on solubility and redox potential of phthalimide-based negative redox couples 77 4.4.2 The effects and plausible mechanism of acetyl group introduction on ferrocene for non-aqueous Li-flow battery 85 5. Conclusion 102 References 105 요약 (국문초록) 111Docto

Cardiac Involvement in Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Background: Cardiac involvement in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is common, but usually latent without symptoms or signs in the initial period of disease. This study investigated the incidence and predictor of cardiac involvement in DMD patients. Method: From January 2000 to June 2005, we enrolled 45 patients with DMD (aged 20.2±3.0years) who admitted to the Yongdong Severance Hospital. Electrocardiography and transthoracic echocardiography was done to evaluate the cardiac function. Result: Electrocardiographic abnormalities were present in 80.1% of patients. Sinus tachycardia was most common (50%). LVEF was decreased (46.7±13.8%), and 56% of the patients had diastolic dysfunction. Patients with pulmonary involvement were older (20.7±3.8 vs 17.6±2.8years, p=0.028), and patients with reduced LVEF (<50%) had longer duration of disease (11.4±4.4 vs 14.3±2.4years, p=0.04). However, on multivariate analysis, age, duration of disease, pulmonary involvement, dyspnea symptom, electrocardiographic abnormality was not an independent predictor for LV systolic dysfunction in adolescent and adult patients with DMD. Conclusion: Cardiac involvement in adolescent and adult patients with DMD was frequently observed independent of age, duration of disease, pulmonary involvement, and dyspnea symptom. Therefore, more active cardiac investigation is required in patients with DMD, even without clinical suspicion.ope

인삼이 사염화탄소 투여로 초래된 백서 간손상에 미치는 영향에 관한 형태학적 연구

의학과/박사[한글] 간은 인체내에서 담즙형성 및 배설, 탄수화물의 대사 및 저장, 부신피질 및 성선 steroid hormone의 대사, 혈청단백질과 urea형성 그리고 지질대사등의 매우 복잡한 대사기능을 가지고 있으며, 특히 많은 량의 혈액을 문맥을 통하여 위장관계로부터 받기 때문에 소화관에서 흡수되는 여러가지 약물과 독소에 항시 노출되어 있으며 이러한 약물과 독소의 해독작용 또한 그 중요한 기능의 하나이다. 인삼은 이미 수천년전부터 피로회복, 노화방지와 심장, 신장 및 간의 질환을 예방하거나 치료하는 목적으로 동양에서는 널리 사용되어온 약제로 소련 및 동구 여러나라와 일본에서는 이에 대한 과학적인 연구가 활발하게 진행되어 인삼의 화학적 성분과 약리작용에 대하여 많은 연구결과가 보고되고 있다. 특히 인삼이 체내의 각종 역경에 대하여 비특이적인 저항력을 증가시키는 소위 adaptogenic effect가 있다는 것은 이미 잘 알려진 사실이며, 실험적으로 동물에 nitrogen mustard투여나방사선 조사후의 사망율 증가가 인삼의 투여로 감소되는 것을 알게 되었고, 또한 간에 독 작용이 있는 물질을 투여한 후 나타나는 혈청 효소의 상승이 인삼의 투여로 억제되는 것이 보고되고 있다. 그러나 간실질세포에 대한 형태학적 연구는 보고된 바 없다. 이에 저자는 체중 150∼200gm의 웅성백서 88마리를 사용하여 정상대조군, 인삼단독투여군, CCl^^4단독투여 24시간후 도살군, CCl^^4단독투여 2주후 도살군, 2주간 인삼전처치한 다음 CCl^^4투여 24시간후 도살군 및 CCl^^4투여와 동시에 인삼투여를 시작하여 CCl^^4 최종 투여후 2주간 계속 인삼을 투여한 다음 도살한군으로 나누어 CCl^^4를 투여하였을 때 초래되는 변화와 인삼의 효과를 조사하였다. 인삼은 10㎎/rat/day씩 투여하고 CCl^^4는 salad oil에 50%로 희석하여 2.0㎖/㎏씩 투여하였으며 도살시SGOT, SGPT 및 총 단백치 를 측정하고 간의 광학 및 전자현미경적 관찰을 시행하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. CCl^^4단독투여는 백서 체중증가를 억제시켰으며, 인삼단독투여는 체중증가를 다소 촉진시켰고 CCl^^4투여로 인한 체중감소를 억제하였다. 2. CCl^^4단독투여는 SGOT 및 SGPT를 1회 내지 2회 투어 직후에 현저히 상승시켰으며 4회 내지 8회 투여직후에는 상승정도가 오히려 낮았다. 그러나 혈청 단백질에는 뚜렷한 변동을 보이지 않았다. 3. 인삼의 전처치는 CCl^^4투여로 인한 SGOT 및 SGPT치 상승을 1회 내지 2회 투여직후에는 현저히 억제하였으나 4회 내지 8회 투여직후에는 오히려 CCI^^4단독 투여군보다 높은 치를 보였다. 인삼의 단독투여 또는 병용투여는 혈청 단백질을 증가시키는 현상을 보였다. 4. 광학현미경적으로 CCl^^4단독투여는 간소엽 중심부에 ballooning degeneration, 괴사 및 지방변성과 당원소실을 초래하였으며 이러한 변화는 CCl^^4 1회 내지 2회 투여 직후에 현저하였으나 4회 내지 8회 반복투여군에서는 오히려 경감되었다. 인삼의 전처치는 CCI^^4투여로 일어난 간 손상을 1회 내지 2회 투여 직후에는 현저히 억제하였으나 4회 내지 8회 투여직후에는 뚜렷한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 5. 전자현미경적으로 CCl^^4단독투여는 간세포의 소포체의 손장, mitochondria의 손상 및 당원의 감소를 초래하였으며 인삼의 전처치는 이러한 초기 손상을 현저히 억제시켰으며 인삼의 단독투여는 소포체를 증식시키고 활성화시키는 효과를 보였다. 이상의 소견으로 보아 인삼은 CCl^^4로 유발된 간손상을 초기에는 억제하였으나 CCI^^4를 반복 투여하였을 때에는 별 효과를 나타내지 못하는 것으로 보인다. [영문] The liver has many complex functions, which include the formation of bile, carbohydrate storage and metabolism, reduction and conjugation of adrenal and gonadal steroid hormones, plasma protein synthesis, urea formation, lipid metabolism, as well as the detoxification of many drugs and toxins Which come to the liver through the portal vein. The ginseng is widely used as medicinal drugs in Orientals since ancient time for the prevention of aging, tiredness, and illness of the liver and kidneys. Its biochemical composition and pharmacological properties have been studied intensively in Russia and Japan, and it is now well known that the ginseng has so called adaptogenic effect which increases nonspecific resistance to adverse influences on the body. It has teen reported that the ginseng increases the survival rate of experimental animal after the administration of lethal dose of nitrogen mustard and irradiation, and that the elevation of serum transaminase caused by CCl^^4 administration is inhibited by it. However, the effect of the ginseng on the morphologic changes of the liver cell parenchyma is rarely reported. The present study is undertaken to investigate the effect of ginseng on the morphological changes of the rat liver induced by carbon tetrachloride. Rats, weighing 150-200gms, were divided into groups of entreated normal control, ginseng treated control, CCl^^4 administration with or without ginseng treatment. SGOT, SGPT and serum protein measurement and light and electron microscopic observations were made, and following? results were obtained. 1. CCl^^4 administration inhibited the increase of body weight, while ginseng not only accelerated the increase but also inhibited the weight reduction caused by CCl^^4. 2. CCl^^4 induced marked elevation of SGOT and SGPT level fellowing 1 or 2 times of administration, but the elevation was slight after 4 or 8 times of administration. There was no appreciable changes in serum protein level. 3. Ginseng pretreatment inhibited the elevations of SGOT and SGPT caused by the 1 or 2 times of CCl^^4 administration, while inhibitory effects was not noted after 4 or 8 times of CCl^^4 administration. The administration of ginseng with or without CCl^^4 elevated the serum protein level. 4. Light microscopic examination revealed that the administration of CCl^^4 induced centrilobular ballooning degeneration, necrosis, fatty change and glycogen depletion, and these changes were more marked in 1 or 2 times of administration. Changes after 4 or 8 times of administration were less marked. The ginseng pretreatment reduced the liver cell injury following 1 or 2 times of CCl^^4 administration, but no notable difference was found after 4 or 8 times of CCl^^4 administration. 5. Electron microscopic examination revealed that the administration of CCl^^4 induced damage of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, and decrease in glycogen of the liver cell. The pretreatment of ginseng markedly inhibited these changes following 1 or 2 times of CCl^^4 administration. Ginseng alone induced hyperplasia and activaion of the endoplasmic reticulum of liver call. In conclusion, the ginseng inhibited the liver cell injury induced by 1 or 2 times of CCl^^4 administration, whereas the inhibitory effect was not significant after repeated administration of CCl^^4.restrictio

Acoustic anlaysis of Korean stops in patients with dysarthrias

언어병리학 협동과정/석사[한글]마비말장애의 명료도 측정은 음향학적인 접근을 통하여 객관적인 평가가 가능하다. 명료한 말을 보여주는 음향학적 요소는 조음 속도의 감소, 휴지 길이의 증가, 기본 주파수의 증가, 모음 공간 영역의 증가, 파열음의 파열 생략의 감소 등으로 밝혀진 바 있다. 이중 파열음 요소를 이용한 명료도 측정은 파열음이 우리나라 말에서 차지하는 비중이 크고, 파열음의 성대 진동 개시시간(VOT) (혹은 기식구간)이 후두 층위와 후두 위 층위의 상호작용을 한꺼번에 보여주는 좋은 지표이기 때문에 많은 연구에서 다루고 있다. 더욱이, 우리말의 파열음은 평음/경음/격음의 3중 대립 구조로 구성되어 있으며, 파열음 구간의 세부 구간인 기식구간과 폐쇄구간 길이를 이용하여 3중 대립 구조를 설명할 수 있다. 그러나 기존의 국내 마비말장애 파열음 연구는 특정 유형의 환자군이나 특정 파열음에 국한되어 있었다. 본 연구에서는 여러 유형의 마비말장애 환자군을 대상으로 하여, 한국어의 9가지 파열음 /ㅂ, ㅃ, ㅍ, ㄷ, ㄸ, ㅌ, ㄱ, ㄲ, ㅋ/의 기식구간, 폐쇄구간 및 폐쇄구간 비율을 분석하였다. 각 대상군은 각 파열음을 /ㅏ_C파열음_ㅏ/ 환경에서 3번씩 반복하여 산출하였으며, 수집된 어음 자료는 Multi-Speech(model 3700)와 Praat 프로그램을 통해 음향학적으로 분석되었다. 측정된 각 파열음의 폐쇄구간과 기식구간 길이 및 폐쇄구간 비율을 비모수 맨 휘트니 검정과 반복 측정 분산분석 검정을 통하여 검정하였다.본 연구를 통해 얻은 결과는 1) 모든 파열음에서 환자군의 파열음 폐쇄구간이 정상군에 비해 길었으며; 2) 환자군의 기식구간은 정상군과 거의 차이가 없었고; 3) 환자군은 일부 파열음의 폐쇄구간 비율이 정상군에 비해 길게 나타났고, 정상군은 모든 조음 방법에서 조음 위치가 뒤로 이동할수록 폐쇄구간 비율이 감소하였으나, 환자군은 그러한 경향성을 따르지 않았다. 4) 정상군은 모든 조음 위치에서 조음 방법에 따른 폐쇄구간 길이에 유의미한 차이를 보였으나, 환자군은 치조음의 삼지적 상관속에서만 유의미한 차이를 나타냈다. 5) 정상 및 환자군 모두 모든 조음 위치에서 삼지적 상관속에 따른 기식구간 길이에 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 6) 정상군은 경음, 격음에서 조음 위치에 따른 폐쇄구간 길이 차이를 유의미하게 보였으나, 환자군은 조음 위치에 따른 폐쇄구간 길이에 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 7) 정상군은 모든 조음 방법에서 조음 위치에 따른 기식구간 길이에 유의미한 차이를 보일 수 있었으나 환자군은 경음에서만 조음 위치에 따른 기식구간 길이에 유의미한 차이를 보였다.본 연구를 통하여 각 파열음 산출 시 환자군이 대조군보다 더 긴 폐쇄구간과 기식구간 길이를 보이지만 기식구간 길이에서는 그 차이가 크지 않다는 것을 확인하였다. 환자군은 조음 방법에 따라 치조음의 폐쇄구간과 기식구간의 변별적인 산출이 가능하다는 것과 조음 위치에 따라서는 경음의 기식구간을 제외하고는 변별적인 폐쇄구간 및 기식구간 산출이 어렵다는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 폐쇄구간 비율이 조음 위치 및 방법별 측면을 모두 보여주는 좋은 지표가 된다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 생리학적인 측면과 관련하여 환자군은 기식성보다는 긴장성에 어려움을 가지며, 후두 층위와 후두 위 층위 간의 협응에 어려움이 있고, 혀 끝 움직임이 다른 조음기관의 움직임보다 용이하다는 것을 논의하였다. 본 연구는 기존의 연구와 달리 우리말의 9가지 파열음 전체를 대상으로 하고 유형 구분 없이 마비말장애 환자군을 대상으로 하였으며, 그 결과를 생리학적인 측면에서 논의한 점에서 임상적인 의의를 가질 것으로 사료된다. [영문]Acoustic approach has been used to evaluate intelligibility in dysarthria in a more objective manner. Reduced articulatory rate, increased pause rate, increased vowel space area, reduced stop burst omission are well-known characteristics of clear speech. Especially stops are good measures as they indicate the intelligibility of speech, have a high frequency in Korean and reflect the coordination of laryngeal and supra-laryngeal level mechanisms. Korean stops have triplets of phonologically distinct, homorganic plosives at three different places of articulation: bilabial, alveolar and velar. A three-way distinction of both manner and place of articulation differentiates the nine plosives. At each place level, one manner is distinct from the other two by two acoustic characteristics: closure duration and aspiration duration. This study was done on 8 dysarthria patients (mean age 41.7 years) and 8 age- and gender-matched normal adults (mean age 40.9 years). Subjects produced 9 Korean stops, /p, p*, ph, t, t*, th, k, k*, kh/ in VCV circumstances, 3 times for each stop. The preceding and descending vowel was /a/ in all cases. All speech samples were recorded in a digital recorder and closure duration, aspiration duration and closure duration rate were acoustically analyzed by Multi-Speech model 3700 and Praat. All analyzed data were statistically analyzed by non-parametric Mann-Whitney measure and repeated measures of ANOVA.The results were as follows: (1) The closure duration of all stops was significantly longer in the dysarthria group than in the control group; (2) The aspiration duration of all stops except /aka/ was longer in the dysarthria group than in the control group, but the difference was not significant; (3) The ratio of closure duration to closure-aspiration combined duration was significantly higher in the patient group than in the normal control group; (4) The control group could produce closure and aspiration durations distinctively according to the manner, aspirated, tense and lax at each place. However, the dysarthria group could produce closure durations distinctively according to the manner at only one place level, alveolar. On the other hand, the patient group was able to produce aspiration duration distinctively according to the manner at all place levels; and (5) The control group could produce closure and aspiration duration distinctively according to the place, bilabial, alveolar and velar at two kinds of manners, tense and aspirated manners. However, the dysarthria group was not able to produce significantly distinctive closure duration according to the place at any manner. In addition, the patient group could produce aspiration duration distinctively according to the places at only the tense manner.These results indicated that the dysarthria group had difficulty in coordination between laryngeal and supra-laryngeal mechanisms and that it was better in aspiration than in tense aspects. The study findings presented here are expected to have clinical significance because this study targeted all 9 Korean stops and all dysarthria groups.ope

A study on collecting oral history of the ROK navy

학위논문(석사) --서울대학교 대학원 :협동과정 기록관리학전공,2009.2.Maste

경치 영상 재인의 신경기제 : 사건 관련 기능자기 공명 두뇌영상 연구

Thesis(master`s)--서울대학교 대학원 :협동과정 인지과학전공,2005.Maste

(The) evaluation of left ventricular function by left ventriculography

의학과/석사[한글]좌심실의 기능을 검사하는데. 확장기말좌심실압 (Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, LVEDP). Ejection fraction(EF) 과 Circumferential fiber shortening(CFS) 이 이용되고 있다. 승모판협착증 15명, 경한 타판막질환이 합병된 모판협착증 44명, 심근질환7명, 그리고 관상동맥환자 10명, 도합 76명의 심장질환 환자를 대상으로 심도자술 및 좌심실조영술을 시행하고 LVEDP, EF, CFS 그리고 Segmental fiber shortening(SFS)등을 구하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. LVEDP는 승모판협착증 환자와 경한타판막질환이 합병된 승모판협착증 환자에서는 각각 7.7 ± 0.74 mmHg 와 8.5 ± 0.52 mmHg로 정상이었고, 심근질환 환자에서는 20.6 ± 2.50 mmHg, 관상동맥질환에서는 22.8 ± 3.12 mmHg로 각각 현저히 증가되어 있었다. 2. EF는 승모판협착증 환자와 경한타판막질환이 합병된 승모판협착증 환자에서는 각각 57.9 ± 3.03 %와 56.0 ± 1.85 %로 정상이었고, 심근질환에서는 27.7 ± 4.33 %로 가장 낮았고, 관상동맥질환에서도 34.1 ± 5.28%로 역시 현저히 낮았다. 3. CFS는 승모판협착증 환자에서 33.5 ± 3.06%로 이상이었고, 경한타판막질환이 합병증 승모판협착증 환자에서는 29.4 ± 1.34%로 승모판협착증 환자에서 보다는 다소 낮았으나 역시 정상이었고. 심근질환이나 관상동맥질환에서는 각각 16.2 ± 3.28 %와 16.3 ± 3 .56 %로 매우 낮았다. 4. 좌심실을 여러 hemiaxis로 나누어 Segmental fiber shortening을 측정하면 기능장애가 생긴 부위와 정도를 더 잘 알수있어 관상동맥질환의 검사에 많은 도움이 될 수 있다. 5. LVEDP가 낮으면 EF와 CFS이 높아지고 LVEDP가 높으면 EF과 CFS가 낮아져 LVEDP와 EF, 또 LVEDP와 CFS이 각각 역상관 관계에 있다. [영문]Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), ejection fraction (EF) and circumferendtial fiber shortening (CFS) have been used for the assessment of left ventricular performance. Among 76 patients with heart disease, 15 patients had pure mitral stenosis, 44 had mitral stenosis associated with other mild valvular disease, 7 had myocardiopathy and 10 had coronary artery disease. Cardiac catherization was performed and left ventriculography was done with right anterior oblique projection, and LVEDP, EF, CFS and segmental fiber shortening (SFS) were obtained. The results of the study were : 1. The LVEDP was normal in patients with pure mitral stenosis (7.7 ± 0.74 mmHg) and in patients with mitral stenosis associated with mild valvular disease (8.5 ± 0.52 mmHg). The LVEDP was significantly elevated in patients with myocardiopathy (20.6 ± 2.50 mmHg) and in patients with coronary artery disease (22.8 ± 3.12mmHg). 2. In patients with pure mitral stenosis and in patients with mitral stenosis associated with other mild valvular disease, the EF was normal, 57.9 ± 3.03 % and 56.0 ± 1.85 %, respectively, while the EF was markedly reduced in patients with myocardiopathy (27.7 ± 4.33%) and in patients with coronary artery disease. (34.1 ± 5.28 %). 3. The extent of CFS was normal in patients with pure mitral stenosis (33.5 ± 3.06 %) and was slightly reduced in patients with mitral stenosis associated with other mild valvular disease (29.4 ± 1.34 %). In myocardiopathy and coronary artery disease, the extent of CFS decreased markedly 16.2 ± 3.28 % and 16.3 ± 3.56 %, respectively. 4. Estimation of the SFS by the percentage of shortening of each hemiaxis seemed to be a better method for evaluation of left ventricular contractility in patients with coronary artery disease. 5. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure correlated well with ejection fraction and circumferential fiber shortening.restrictio