Marital Relationship in Infertile Couples

The present study was designed to assess the marital relationship including psychological stress, sexual dissatisfaction and marital maladjustment etc. in infertile couples and to provide 3 hypotheses through the analyses of 4 infertile couples and the literature review about the causal modes of infertility. Wives and husbands were interviewed independently, and the following findings were presented. Both members of a couple who desire experienced marital discord and a wide range of negative psychological, behavioral, and sexual aspects. Infertile problem stress influenced on increased marital conflict due to wives abuse and/or extramarital affairs and frequent matrimonial quarrel etc. Therefore, wives showed various somatization, anxiety, depression and other psychotic symptoms like infidelity delusion. Also, there appeared in decreased sexual self-esteem, negative body image and dissatisfaction with own sexual performance by infertile stress. These negative problems of life quality and marriage factors were more serious for wives than for husbands. In psychoanalytical analyses of 4 infertile women, all of them had a difficult, conflicted and frustrating relationship with their own mothers. 3 hypotheses were as follows: 1. A higher positive relationship will be found between infertility and longstanding emotional and psychosocial problems. 2. The experience of fertility problem stress itself and/or the related medical diagnosis and treatment process, will be operated as a psychosocial stressor in many cases. 3. Depending on the particular case, a higher positively correlating relationship will be shown between infertility and psychological and somatic problems. The above 3 hypotheses will be tested by LISREL path analysis.The present study was designed to assess the marital relationship including psychological stress, sexual dissatisfaction and marital maladjustment etc. in infertile couples and to provide 3 hypotheses through the analyses of 4 infertile couples and the literature review about the causal modes of infertility. Wives and husbands were interviewed independently, and the following findings were presented. Both members of a couple who desire experienced marital discord and a wide range of negative psychological, behavioral, and sexual aspects. Infertile problem stress influenced on increased marital conflict due to wives abuse and/or extramarital affairs and frequent matrimonial quarrel etc. Therefore, wives showed various somatization, anxiety, depression and other psychotic symptoms like infidelity delusion. Also, there appeared in decreased sexual self-esteem, negative body image and dissatisfaction with own sexual performance by infertile stress. These negative problems of life quality and marriage factors were more serious for wives than for husbands. In psychoanalytical analyses of 4 infertile women, all of them had a difficult, conflicted and frustrating relationship with their own mothers. 3 hypotheses were as follows: 1. A higher positive relationship will be found between infertility and longstanding emotional and psychosocial problems. 2. The experience of fertility problem stress itself and/or the related medical diagnosis and treatment process, will be operated as a psychosocial stressor in many cases. 3. Depending on the particular case, a higher positively correlating relationship will be shown between infertility and psychological and somatic problems. The above 3 hypotheses will be tested by LISREL path analysis

Correlation between Delinquent and their Character Pattern and Family Dynamics

The present study was intended to explore the correlation between juvenile delinquent behavior and their character, mood state and family dynamics. Data were collected through questionnaire survey. Subjects served for this study consisted of 1,838 adolescents including 601 juvenile delinquents and 1,237 adolescent students in Korea, sampled from Korean student population and adolescent delinquent population confined in juvenile correctional institutions, using nonprobability samping method. Their age ranged between 12 and 21. The actual number of cases put into the analysis was 1,696 adolescents including 511 delinquents and 1,185 adolescent students. Data were analysed by IBM PC of Behavioral Science Center at the Korea University, using SAS program. Statistical methods employed were χ²test, simple correlation, principal component analysis, principal component regression analysis and LISREL path analysis. The results of this study were follows: 1. Inconsistent by parental child rearing patterns tended to affect delinquent behavior among delinquent adolescents. The more were paternal and maternal attitudes arbitrary, restricted, mistrusing their children and punishment-oriented, the higher occured their children's delinquent behavior. On the other hand, adolescent students were consistently rearing by their parents, their parental attitudes were democratic, flexible, trusting their children and reward-oriented. In comparison of both parents in the degree of influence on their children was revealed that paternal child rearing pattern was more influential on their children's behaviors than maternals's. 2. The psychological instability of family tended to be contributing to deliquent behaviors among deinquent adolescents. Coldness, dissatisfaction, discord, tenseness and disharmony of family paychological climate revealed significant correlation with delinquent behaviors. On the other hand, student's family stability was more comforable than delinquent family. 3. The disharmonious parent-child relationships were presented to influence on delinquent behaviors and aggressive impulsiveness. Parental rejection toward their children's opinions, lack of affection toward their children, non-self-sacrificing for their children, alienated parent-child relationship, children's disregard toward their parental authority and children's rejection of parental opinions were positively correlated to behavioral problems among delinquent adolescents, while harmonious parent-child relationships among student adolescents were maintained. 4. The whole psychological climates of delinquent's family tended to be rigid, while student's psychological climates of family flexible. 5. Delinquents were more anxious, aggressive and impulsive than student adolescents. They exhibited some learning problems such as interpersonal difficulties. their character patterns tended to be immature and weak ego functioning, while student's character patterns more mature and flexible. 6. The relative comparison of the whole psychological climates of family, anxiety trait, character pattern and social learning ability in terms of predictability revealed that character pattern variables function as the most important determinant of both aggressive impulsiveness and delinquent(aggressive) behaviors.The present study was intended to explore the correlation between juvenile delinquent behavior and their character, mood state and family dynamics. Data were collected through questionnaire survey. Subjects served for this study consisted of 1,838 adolescents including 601 juvenile delinquents and 1,237 adolescent students in Korea, sampled from Korean student population and adolescent delinquent population confined in juvenile correctional institutions, using nonprobability samping method. Their age ranged between 12 and 21. The actual number of cases put into the analysis was 1,696 adolescents including 511 delinquents and 1,185 adolescent students. Data were analysed by IBM PC of Behavioral Science Center at the Korea University, using SAS program. Statistical methods employed were χ²test, simple correlation, principal component analysis, principal component regression analysis and LISREL path analysis. The results of this study were follows: 1. Inconsistent by parental child rearing patterns tended to affect delinquent behavior among delinquent adolescents. The more were paternal and maternal attitudes arbitrary, restricted, mistrusing their children and punishment-oriented, the higher occured their children's delinquent behavior. On the other hand, adolescent students were consistently rearing by their parents, their parental attitudes were democratic, flexible, trusting their children and reward-oriented. In comparison of both parents in the degree of influence on their children was revealed that paternal child rearing pattern was more influential on their children's behaviors than maternals's. 2. The psychological instability of family tended to be contributing to deliquent behaviors among deinquent adolescents. Coldness, dissatisfaction, discord, tenseness and disharmony of family paychological climate revealed significant correlation with delinquent behaviors. On the other hand, student's family stability was more comforable than delinquent family. 3. The disharmonious parent-child relationships were presented to influence on delinquent behaviors and aggressive impulsiveness. Parental rejection toward their children's opinions, lack of affection toward their children, non-self-sacrificing for their children, alienated parent-child relationship, children's disregard toward their parental authority and children's rejection of parental opinions were positively correlated to behavioral problems among delinquent adolescents, while harmonious parent-child relationships among student adolescents were maintained. 4. The whole psychological climates of delinquent's family tended to be rigid, while student's psychological climates of family flexible. 5. Delinquents were more anxious, aggressive and impulsive than student adolescents. They exhibited some learning problems such as interpersonal difficulties. their character patterns tended to be immature and weak ego functioning, while student's character patterns more mature and flexible. 6. The relative comparison of the whole psychological climates of family, anxiety trait, character pattern and social learning ability in terms of predictability revealed that character pattern variables function as the most important determinant of both aggressive impulsiveness and delinquent(aggressive) behaviors

The Current Status of Psychodynamic Formulation in Korea

This study was intended to get the base-line data of psychodynamic formulation for teaching the residents through the analysis of the current status of psychodynamic formulation in Korea. Data were collected through the mailings-questionnaire survey. Subjects served for this study consisted of 1,034 psychiatrists including 259 residents and 775 psychiatric specialists in Korea, using census method. Statistical method employed was percentage rate. 1. 267 respondents(25.8%) among 1,034 psychiatrists replied to our mailings questionnaire. 2. 83.5 percent of respondents perceived psychodynamic formulation to be very important, 46.8 percent of respondents felt formulation to be crucial for second year residents, while 37.8 percent of respondents stated that they referred to textbooks of psychiatry, others(25.1 percent) sent guidelines for the mental status examination and/or descriptions of the intake interview. 5.6 percent of respondents did not provide any materials for psychodynamic formulation. 2 percent of respondents did not answer this question. 55.4 percent of respondents recognized general psychiatry, psychopharmacology and biological psychiatry to be more important than the teaching of formulation. As a result, though the Korean psychiatrists recognized formulation to be very important, they did not sufficiently provide the materials about psychodynamic formulation. 3. the Korean psychiatrists prefered to psychoanalysis models, focal psychodynamic approaches and/or biopsychosocial approaches in case of formulating the psychiatric patients, while the American psychiatrists tended to adapt psychoanalysis and/or ego psychological models to their patients. 4. 72.7 percent of respondents indicated that they distinguished psychodynamic formulation and diagnostic assessment, while 20.9% of respondents emphasized that all patients require a diagnostic assessment. 48.7 percent of respondents viewed that psychodynamic tended to be overlooked and declined due to recent advanced biological psychiatry.This study was intended to get the base-line data of psychodynamic formulation for teaching the residents through the analysis of the current status of psychodynamic formulation in Korea. Data were collected through the mailings-questionnaire survey. Subjects served for this study consisted of 1,034 psychiatrists including 259 residents and 775 psychiatric specialists in Korea, using census method. Statistical method employed was percentage rate. 1. 267 respondents(25.8%) among 1,034 psychiatrists replied to our mailings questionnaire. 2. 83.5 percent of respondents perceived psychodynamic formulation to be very important, 46.8 percent of respondents felt formulation to be crucial for second year residents, while 37.8 percent of respondents stated that they referred to textbooks of psychiatry, others(25.1 percent) sent guidelines for the mental status examination and/or descriptions of the intake interview. 5.6 percent of respondents did not provide any materials for psychodynamic formulation. 2 percent of respondents did not answer this question. 55.4 percent of respondents recognized general psychiatry, psychopharmacology and biological psychiatry to be more important than the teaching of formulation. As a result, though the Korean psychiatrists recognized formulation to be very important, they did not sufficiently provide the materials about psychodynamic formulation. 3. the Korean psychiatrists prefered to psychoanalysis models, focal psychodynamic approaches and/or biopsychosocial approaches in case of formulating the psychiatric patients, while the American psychiatrists tended to adapt psychoanalysis and/or ego psychological models to their patients. 4. 72.7 percent of respondents indicated that they distinguished psychodynamic formulation and diagnostic assessment, while 20.9% of respondents emphasized that all patients require a diagnostic assessment. 48.7 percent of respondents viewed that psychodynamic tended to be overlooked and declined due to recent advanced biological psychiatry

Folie Simultanee in Monozygotic Twin Sisters

The twin sisters case of folie simultanee is reported here in this paper. A case of folie simultanee is described as two or more people becoming psychotic simultaneously and sharing the same delusion. The results of psychodynamic approach for this case are as follows. 1. There are a variety of conflicting hypotheses on the orgin of the disorder, ranging from the etiological explanation of organic factor to various psychodynamic approach. In this case, there is no evidence of hereditary factor on the laboratory findings and family history. Therefore the authors stressed that the psychodynamic formulation of the disorder is on the importance .of the etiological rol. It seem significant to describe that the etiology is multidimensional and includes factors such as character structure formation in processing of object relations, the emotional relationship between the partners, socio-environmental conditions and hereditary predisposition. 2. There are two issues in folie simultanee. The one is related to diagnosis. It is consider to distinguish the inductor from the recipient. The other is subject to treatment. It is important to determine whether separate the inductor and recipient by admitting the inductor for a psychiatric center or not. Furthermore, the inductor and recipient's weak ego state should be recognized in planning various psychiatric treatments. 3. It could be found in the role reversal phenomenon between the inductor and recipient during long-term course.The twin sisters case of folie simultanee is reported here in this paper. A case of folie simultanee is described as two or more people becoming psychotic simultaneously and sharing the same delusion. The results of psychodynamic approach for this case are as follows. 1. There are a variety of conflicting hypotheses on the orgin of the disorder, ranging from the etiological explanation of organic factor to various psychodynamic approach. In this case, there is no evidence of hereditary factor on the laboratory findings and family history. Therefore the authors stressed that the psychodynamic formulation of the disorder is on the importance .of the etiological rol. It seem significant to describe that the etiology is multidimensional and includes factors such as character structure formation in processing of object relations, the emotional relationship between the partners, socio-environmental conditions and hereditary predisposition. 2. There are two issues in folie simultanee. The one is related to diagnosis. It is consider to distinguish the inductor from the recipient. The other is subject to treatment. It is important to determine whether separate the inductor and recipient by admitting the inductor for a psychiatric center or not. Furthermore, the inductor and recipient's weak ego state should be recognized in planning various psychiatric treatments. 3. It could be found in the role reversal phenomenon between the inductor and recipient during long-term course

Psychiatric Assessment of A Patient with Insulinoma

The authors experienced a patient with insulinoma presented with neuropsychiatric symptoms. It was demonstrated that Whipple's triad is highly suggestive of the presence of an insulinoma. Therefore physicians and/or psychiatrists, who refer patients with insulinoma to third institution, always have a alertness to neuropsychiatric symptoms of insulinoma and Whipple's triad. This case also illustrated the persistence and cooperation between psychiatric and medical teams including the involvement of a neurologist, endocrinologist, and surgeon for diagnosis and treatment planning of patient with insulinoma.The authors experienced a patient with insulinoma presented with neuropsychiatric symptoms. It was demonstrated that Whipple's triad is highly suggestive of the presence of an insulinoma. Therefore physicians and/or psychiatrists, who refer patients with insulinoma to third institution, always have a alertness to neuropsychiatric symptoms of insulinoma and Whipple's triad. This case also illustrated the persistence and cooperation between psychiatric and medical teams including the involvement of a neurologist, endocrinologist, and surgeon for diagnosis and treatment planning of patient with insulinoma