Role of medial orbital wall morphologic properties in orbital blow-out fractures

PURPOSE: This study compares medial orbital wall supporting structures in patients with isolated inferior and medial wall fractures. METHODS: The morphologic properties in all consecutive patients with periocular trauma who underwent orbital computed tomography (CT) scans from January 2004 to March 2006 were reviewed. On CT scans, the size of the fracture, the number of ethmoid air cell septa, and the length and height of the lamina papyracea were measured. RESULTS: In 118 patients without orbital wall fracture, there were no bilateral differences in the measured structures. We took measurements from the opposite site in patients with fractures in whom it was difficult to visualize the structures at the fractured site. Seventy patients with medial wall fractures and 37 with inferior wall fractures showed no differences in sex, side of impact, etiology of the trauma, association with intraocular injuries, fracture size, anterior and posterior height, anteroposterior length, or the area of the lamina papyracea. In contrast, the number of ethmoid air cell septa was significantly lower (3.09+/-0.86 vs. 3.62+/-0.79, P=0.002) and the lamina papyracea area supported per ethmoid air cell septum was significantly higher (137.55+/-40.11 mm(2) vs. 119.64+/-38.14 mm(2), P=0.028) in patients with medial wall fractures than in those with inferior wall fractures. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with fewer ethmoid air cell septa and a larger lamina papyracea area per septum are more likely to develop medial wall fractures than inferior wall fractures.ope

Macular thickness variations with sex, age, and axial length in healthy subjects: a spectral domain-optical coherence tomography study

PURPOSE: To assess the relationship between macular retinal thickness and volume and age, sex, and refractive error/axial length with spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS: One randomly selected eye of 198 consecutive ophthalmically normal subjects (104 men, 94 women) between July 2008 and January 2009, with corrected visual acuities better than 20/30 were included in this cross-sectional study. Complete ophthalmic examination, axial length measurement with a laser interferometer, and macular cube 512 x 128 scan by SD-OCT were performed. RESULTS: The mean age was 55.6 +/- 16.4 years (range, 17-83), average refractive error was -2.17 +/- 4.82 (range, -23.50-3.75), and average axial length was 24.73 +/- 1.98 mm (range, 21.52-32.51). The central subfield thickness, average inner macular thickness, and overall macular volume were significantly lower in the female subjects (partial correlation: P = 0.009, P = 0.027, and P = 0.042, respectively). As age increased, average inner macular thickness, average outer macular thickness, overall average macular thickness, and macular volume decreased significantly (partial correlation: P = 0.002, P = 0.002, P = 0.002, and P = 0.000, respectively). Refractive error had no significant influence in partial correlation analysis. Axial length correlated negatively with average outer macular thickness, overall average macular thickness, and macular volume (partial correlation: P = 0.006, P = 0.044, and P = 0.003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In normal subjects, SD-OCT showed that retinal thickness is related to age, sex, and axial length, with regional variationsope

경년변화 분석을 통한 산림훼손 경향 분석 및 복원우선지역 선정에 관한 기초연구 : 백두대간 지역을 중심으로

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :생태조경·지역시스템공학부 생태조경학전공,2006.Maste

산화 스트레스에 노출된 인체 망막 미세혈관 내피세포에서 DHA의 보호효과

Dept. of Medicine/박사Ischemic-driven ocular neovascularization is the most common cause of blindness in all age groups. Ischemia in retinopathy leads to several harmful events, including formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS play an important role in angiogenesis through various redox sensitive cascades and by upregulating VEGF expression, the key molecule in angiogenesis. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a major dietary ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid and a major structural lipid of sensory and vascular retina. In this study protective mechanisms of DHA in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) exposed to oxidative stress were assessed.Primary cultures of HRMECs were stimulated by various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to establish oxidative stress condition. Maximum HRMEC proliferation was observed at 20µM concentration. This condition was used for further experiments to show how physiologic concentration of DHA protects oxidative stress induced HRMEC changes. DHA (10µM) suppressed exogenous H2O2 stimulated proliferation of HRMECs. Anti-proliferative intracellular signaling mechanism of DHA involved PKC/MEK1,2/ERK cascade and coupled to the transcription of c-myc gene. DHA (10 µM) showed a potent scavenging ability of H2O2 stimulated intracellular ROS in HRMECs. NF-κB is a redox-sensitive transcription factor which activates inflammatory responses. DHA (10µM) inhibited H2O2 induced NF-κB activation (RT-PCR and western blot). DHA further suppressed inflammation by inhibition of H2O2 induced TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA, and COX-2 and iNOS. DHA significantly decreased VEGF transcription and NADPH oxidase expression which is increased under oxidative stress condition. Finally H2O2 induced in vitro angiogenesis of HRMECs were significantly suppressed by DHA.Current treatment methods of retinal neovascularization such as laser photocoagulation, topical steroid, or intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agent have side effects and work for limited period of time. We have documented that DHA protects HRMECs exposed to oxidative stress through various pathways. Therefore DHA consumption may have additive protective effects in retinal neovascular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurityrestrictio

장 뤽 라가르스와 앤 카슨의 내러티브 비교 연구

학위논문 (석사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 인문대학 협동과정 비교문학전공, 2021. 2. 강우성.The works of Anne Carson and Jean-Luc Lagarce show the characteristics of the minority language defined by Deleuze and Guattari in that they are immersed in the tension and exhaustion of the forces exercised through language rather than in the plot. Their common premise is that there exist emotions that cannot be spoken under the logo-centric conventional narratives. In this thesis, I would like to analyze what formal characteristics these narratives of minority languages have. 　As they are written in the form of monologue and autobiography, isolation and closedness are the common themes in Lagarce’s 『It’s Just the End of the World』(1990) and Carson’s 『The Autobiography of the Red』(1998). 　In the case of Lagarce's theatre of language, each of the characters gives a long soliloquy. In other words, rather than exchanging words and communicating with each other, they are immersed in their own emotions and inner world, which shows that the relationship between Louis and other family members are close to that of the strangers. Their desperate search for the right words to express their feelings leads up to finding a minor language similar to what Deleuze defines as ‘stuttering’. Louis does not speak his thoughts out loud, but he also shows similar characteristics in the process of verbalizing his thoughts through internal monologues. Their ‘stuttering’ can be characterized by the frequent use of the indefinite pronoun ‘on’, quotation marks, and the repetition of the epanorthosis. 　In Carson's work, ‘jail’ serves as a shield to survive from the flow of ‘magma’, which represents pure inner emotion that cannot be defined in any language. It is similar to the ancient concept of ‘ololyga’ that Carson suggests in her work 『Glass, Irony, and God』. Geryon experiences the moment of ‘becoming’ of Deleuze and Guattari along with the free flow of magma, or ololyga. His photographs, compressed images from the moments of ‘becoming’, are the language of ‘punctum’. It functions as a form of minority language for Geryon. 　Unlike Lagarce's monologues, Geryon's narratives are not individualized. Rather, the voice of the others are included in Geryon’s inner narrative. There exist multiple perspectives in a single picture; the lines from each of the speakers are indistinguishable; there are also unexpected line breaks that lead to a long flow of consciousness, which completes the form of free indirect speech. The subject goes through countless processes of ‘becoming’ through constant encounters with the others, which becomes part of his voice. 　If Louis is ‘the Exhausted’ who has exhausted all his expectations for the possibility of communication, Geryon can be defined as a subject of ‘neurological diversity’. While Louis chooses to stay silent rather than making attempts for communication, Geryon chooses to have constant interaction with others. The different endings in the stories of Louis and Geryon show two extremes of minority language: silence and ololyga. Louis, who is already aware of the limitations of language, is a figure who lacks expectations for communication. Through Louis' silence, Lagarce shows the inherent isolation of human beings and the incommunicability of minority languages. Lagarce also shows that the weight of things left unsaid and the incommunicability should also be embraced as an essential part of minority language. Two aspects of minority literature—the ‘Exhaustion' and the 'neurological diversity'—performs the functions of minority literature in their respective ways. The two authors' perspectives on whether the incommunicability of minority languages should be accepted or be overcome will suggest helpful directions in the literary attempts that is yet to be made.카슨과 라가르스의 작품은 서사에 충실하기보다 언어를 통해 행사되는 힘들의 긴장과 소진에 몰두하고 있다는 점에서 들뢰즈-가타리가 말하는 소수자 언어의 특성들을 첨예하게 보여준다. 그들의 공통된 전제는 로고스중심주의로 대변되는 관습적 서사 아래 발화되지 못하는 타자화된 감정들이 있다는 것이다. 본고에서는 이러한 소수자 언어의 내러티브가 어떠한 형식적 특징을 가지고 있는지 분석하고자 한다. ‘독백’과 ‘자서전’이라는 형식으로 쓰인 만큼, 『단지 세상의 끝』과 『빨강의 자서전』에서는 고립감과 폐쇄성이 공통적으로 드러난다. 　라가르스의 언어극의 경우, 인물들은 각자 루이에게 독백에 가까운 긴 대사(솔리로키)를 들려준다. 즉 서로 말을 주고받으며 소통하기보다 자신만의 감정과 내면세계에 몰입하고 있는데, 이러한 모습은 ‘가족’이라는 테두리 안에 있으면서도 서로에게 이방인일 수밖에 없는 루이와 다른 인물들 간의 관계를 보여준다. 소통의 벽을 부수고자 시도하는 쉬잔, 앙투안, 어머니, 그리고 카트린의 시도는 하나씩 실패로 돌아가, 말더듬기라는 형태의 소수적 변주가 된다. 루이 역시 겉으로 발화하지는 않지만, 내적인 독백(모놀로그)을 통해 자신의 생각을 언어화하는 과정에서 다른 가족과 유사한 말더듬기를 구사한다. 이는 부정대명사 on과 따옴표의 빈번한 사용, 그리고 환어의 반복이라는 특징을 가진 소수자 언어가 된다. 　한편 『빨강의 자서전』에서 반복적으로 나타나는 ‘감옥’이라는 상징물은 ‘화산폭발’에서도 살아남을 수 있도록 하는 방패 역할을 하며, 이때 지구 내부의 물질인 ‘마그마’는 다수자 언어로 정의될 수 없는 정화되지 않은 순수한 감정, ‘올롤뤼가’를 형상화한다. 작품 속에서 게리온은 마그마, 혹은 올롤뤼가의 자유로운 흐름에 따라 들뢰즈와 가타리의 ‘-되기’의 순간을 경험한다. 그의 사진들은 이러한 ‘–되기’의 순간들을 압축한 언어의 결정체이자 푼크툼의 언어이며, 게리온 만의 소수자 언어로서 기능한다. 　라가르스의 독백과 달리, 게리온의 내러티브는 타자로부터 분리되어 있지 않다. 오히려 게리온은 타자를 내면의 내러티브에 포함시킨다. 한 컷의 사진에 담겨 있는 다수의 관점들, 누구의 말인지 구분할 수 없을 정도로 뒤섞여있는 대사의 전개, 예상치 못한 위치에서의 행갈이 등은 여러 인물의 의식이 하나의 긴 흐름으로 이어지게끔 하며, 이는 하나의 ‘자유간접화법’을 완성한다. 주체는 타자와의 끊임없는 만남을 통해 무수한 ‘되기’의 과정을 거쳐가고, 타자의 의식은 그의 목소리의 일부가 된다. 　루이가 소통 가능성에 대한 기대를 소진해버린 ‘소진된 인간’이라면 게리온은 ‘신경학적 다양성의 주체’라고 정의해볼 수 있다. 라가르스와 카슨의 작품에서 나타나는 대조적인 결말은 루이가 침묵의 영역에 머무르기를 택했던 반면, 게리온은 끊임없이 다른 존재와 교감하는 ‘-되기’의 내러티브를 택했다는 점에서 비롯한다. 이 두 결말은 소수자 언어의 수렴과 발산, 즉 침묵과 외침(올롤뤼가)이라는 두 극단을 보여준다. 라가르스는 루이의 침묵을 통해 인간의 본원적인 고립을, 그리고 ‘다수자 언어 속의 이방인’과 같은 존재로서 소수자 언어가 가지고 있는 소통의 한계를 말하며, 말해지지 못한 것들의 무게와 그로 인한 소통 불가능성은 소수자 언어를 구사하는 데에 있어 필연적으로 수반되는 것임을 주장한다. 소수자 문학의 두 가지 양상—침묵으로 수렴되는 ‘소진’과 무한한 ‘되기’ 과정으로서의 ‘신경학적 다양성’—은 각자의 방식으로 들뢰즈가 말한 소수자 문학의 기능을 수행하고 있다. 소수자 언어의 소통 불가능성을 과연 수용해야 하는가 혹은 극복해야 하는가에 대한 두 작가의 관점은 앞으로 이루어질 여러 문학적 시도에 있어서 방향성을 제시해 줄 것이다.Ⅰ. 서론 1 ⅰ. 소수자 언어의 정의 1 ⅱ. 작가 소개 및 선행 연구 4 ⅲ. 연구 방향 8 Ⅱ. 독백과 말더듬기 13 i. 부정대명사 on 17 ii. 따옴표 20 iii. 환어(epanorthosis) 25 Ⅲ. 감옥과 신경학적 다양성의 내러티브 32 i. 우리(cage), 감옥, 그리고 화산 32 ii. 신경학적 다양성의 내러티브 40 Ⅳ. 결론 49Maste

Habitat Network Modeling of Leopard Cat(Prionailurus bengalensis) Based on the Spatial Graph Theory

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 협동과정 조경학, 2011.2. 이동근.Docto

안와내벽과 하벽골절 환자에서 골절부위에 따른 안와구조의 차이

Dept. of Medicine/석사[한글] 목적: 안와 하벽과 내벽골절 환자에서 안와 내벽을 지지하는 해부학적 구조의 차이를 보고자 하였다.방법: 2004년 1월부터 2006년 3월까지 안와 주위 수상으로 내원한 환자의 임상기록과 안와 전산화 단층촬영을 후향적 분석하였다.결과: 골절이 없는 군에서 양안의 벌집궁 격막의 수(P = 0.897)와 종이뼈 면적/ 벌집궁 격막의 수(P = 0.705) 모두 양쪽 안와에서 차이가 없었다. 격막의 수는 하벽 골절군에서 평균 3.62 ± 0.79개, 내벽 골절군에서 3.09 ± 0.86개로 내벽 골절군에서 더 적었고(P = 0.002), 종이뼈 면적/ 벌집궁 격막의 수가 하벽 골절군에서 119.64 ± 38.14 , 내벽 골절군에서 137.55 ± 40.11 로 내벽 골절군에서 더 크게 나타났다(P = 0.028).결론: 안와 내벽 골절은 종이뼈를 지지하고 있는 벌집궁 격막의 수가 적고 한 격막당 지탱하는 종이뼈 면적이 큰 환자에서 더 잘 일어난다. [영문]Purpose: To compare the morphologic differences of the medial orbital wall supporting structures in the isolated inferior and medial wall fractured patients.Methods: Retrospective review of the medical records and orbital computed tomography (CT) scans of consecutive periocular trauma patients from January 2004 to March 2006.Results: In the group without orbital wall fracture, the total number of the ethmoid air cell septa (R: 3.25 ± 0.85, L: 3.25 ± 0.77, P = 0.897) and the ethmoid bone area supported by a single ethmoid air cell septum (R: 131.94 ± 50.78 ㎣, L: 130.64 ± 37.83 ㎣, P = 0.705) showed no difference in bilateral orbits. The total number of ethmoid air cell septa was lesser in the medial wall fractured patients (n = 70, 3.09  0.86) than in the inferior wall fractured patients (n = 37, 3.62  0.79) (P = 0.002). Lamina papyracea area supported per ethmoid air cell septum in the medial wall fractured group was 137.55  40.11 ㎣ which was broader compared to in the inferior wall fractured group 119.64  38.14 ㎣ (P = 0.028).Conclusion: The medial orbital wall fracture appears to be more common in patients with lesser supporting structures in the medial orbital wall.ope

Syringocystadenoma papilliferum in a patient with focal dermal hypoplasia due to a novel PORCN mutation

ope

The Effect of the Concurrent Therapy of Glucosamine and Aspirin in Uveitis

Purpose: To report the anti-inflammatory effect and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) response after oral glucosamine (Glucosamine Sulfate 750®, General Nutrition Companies, Inc.) and aspirin (Aspirin protect®, Bayer) therapy in patients with uveitis. Methods: Twenty-seven patients (43 eyes) with uveitis, not easily managed with conventional therapy, were treated with oral glucosamine 750 mg and aspirin 100 mg daily, and underwent BCVA testing and slit-lamp examination of anterior chamber inflammation. Changes in the dose of previously-used oral steroids and immunosuppressants were recorded at baseline, every 2 weeks for the first 2 months, and once every month thereafter. Results: The mean follow-up period was 15.0±3.69 weeks and inflammation started to improve within 4.6 weeks. The change in visual acuity was not statistically significant, but grade of inflammation decreased by as much as 1.02±1.28, significantly (p＜0.01) after treatment. In 12 patients (19 eyes, 44.2%) the dosage of systemic steroids and immunosuppressants could be Reduced. 7 patients (10 eyes, 23.3%) experienced aggravation of uveitis and the dosage of glucosamine and aspirin was increased. Conclusions: Concurrent oral administration of glucosamine and aspirin could not completely inhibit the recurrence of inflammation nor control it, but consistent use of these drugs may help to reduce inflammation without serious side effects. A longer prospective control study with larger sample size is required to further evaluation of the efficacy of the medicationope

Cytomegalovirus Retinitis after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation with Alemtuzumab

OBJECTIVE: To report on the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis cases that occurred after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) using an alemtuzumab-based (Campath-1H, Genzyme, Cambridge, MA) conditioning regimen. DESIGN: A retrospective noncomparative interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS: Seven eyes of 4 patients in whom CMV retinitis developed after allogeneic HSCT using alemtuzumab. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed. CMV retinitis was diagnosed by the presence of characteristic ophthalmoscopic findings and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction-based detection of CMV in vitreal biopsy specimens. The affected eyes received intravitreal injections of 2 mg/0.1 mL of ganciclovir twice weekly during induction therapy until the lesions were inactive, followed by weekly injections as maintenance therapy. Maintenance intravitreal therapy continued until the lesions consisted of an atrophic retina with pigment epithelium mottling and attenuated vessels. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity, response of retinitis lesions, and postoperative complications. RESULTS: From 1999 to 2007, 294 patients received allogeneic HSCTs at our institution. Among the HSCTs, 65 were unrelated transplants, and of these, 17 were performed using alemtuzumab-based conditioning regimens. Only 4 patients went on to develop CMV retinitis. These 4 patients had several features in common. All patients received transplants from unrelated donors after an alemtuzumab-conditioning regimen for acute leukemia. One patient died before initiation of treatment. Three patients exhibited a bilateral disease, and 3 patients had neutropenia. Patients underwent a mean of 8.3 intravitreal ganciclovir injections in each eye. All 3 treated patients showed a good response. The treatment was well tolerated without serious adverse events during the mean follow-up period of 8.5 months (range, 4.5-16 months). CONCLUSIONS: An increased incidence of CMV retinitis was noted in unrelated patients undergoing HSCT using a nonmyeloablative alemtuzumab-based conditioning regimen. Intravitreal ganciclovir therapy seems to be an acceptable therapeutic option in these patients given the nature of their systemic illness, which prohibits the use of typical systemic anti-CMV drugs.ope