(The) Image of "Light", "Stone", "Water" & the order of imagination in Kim Choon-Soo's poerty

The purpose of analyzing the literary works by the phenomenological point of view, is to elucidate vividly a poet's act of consciousness in the most literary and substantial way by studying the images' criss-crossing and unifying order with the metaphysical meaning in addition to disclosing the thematic images. An attempt has been made in this thesis to disclose the order of imagination of Kim Choon Soo's poetic world, the tendency of which is objective and surrealistic. through the phenomenological approach. In chapter Ⅰ, the conception of phenomenological cognition in philosophy, its related conception in literature. and the necessity of phenomenological approach to Kim's poetic world are observed. In chapter Ⅱ, the concrete method to be displayed in this thesis is suggested by studying the poet's main consciousness and imaginative order through his poem <sketch I of flower> before attempting to study the whole perspective of Kim's poetic world. Then, in chapter Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, It is studied how the materialistic imagination about <light>, <water>, <stone> in his poem <sketch 1 of flower> has been developed through his whole poetic world by the poet's concrete act of consciousness. The image of <light> mentioned in this thesis can be understood as the idealistic world, unreachable and the positive world with the purpose of gasifying and luminating the objects. And the image of <stone> shows us the present tragic situation by constructing the space of imagination, which solidifies the objects. And the image of <water> has the duality of the positive and the negative and plays the intermediate role between the images of <light>and <stone>. In chapter Ⅵ, it is studied that the imaginative space of opposite relations in <light>, <water>, <stone> has been substantiated by the unification of the poet's peculiar axes of time and space (according to the poen and free imagination). In conclusion, we can understand that the poet possesses the poetic depth by unifying the chapters of conflict, <Light/water·stone> to the chapter of reconcilation, <light x water(stone)> with the shift of time axis, <the time of night> and <the return to the childhood> and with the shift of space, <the journey to the sea>.;現象學的 方法에 依해 文學作品을 分析해본다는 것은, 主題가 되는, 이미지들을 밝혀보는 것 이외에 그것들이 서로 交叉·結合하는 想像力의 秩序를 그 形而上學的 意味에까지 살펴봄으로써 詩人의 意識行爲를 가장 文學的으로 그리고 가장 本質的으로 생생하게 드러내고자 하는데 있다. 本考에서는 事物詩的 그리고 Surrealism의 詩 傾向을 지니고 있는 金 春洙의 詩世界를 現象學的 方法에 의해 分析해봄으로써 그의 詩世界의 主題를 밝히는 상상력의 질서를 드러내고자 하였다. Ⅰ章에서는, 哲學에서의 現象學的 認識論의 槪念과 이것과 관련한 文學에서의 현상학의 개념, 그리고 金 春洙 詩世界에 대한 현상학적 조명의 必要性에 대하여 설명하였다. Ⅱ章은, 春洙 詩世界의 全體的 眺望을 꿰하기 앞서, 詩 <꽃의 素描 1>을 通하여 詩人의 主된 意識과 想像力의 秩序를 살펴봄으로써 앞으로 전개할 具體的인 方法論을 설정하였다. 그리하여 Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ章에서는 本格的으로 Key poem에서 살펴본 春洙 詩人의 <빛>, <물>, <돌>에 대한 물질적 상상력이 全體 詩世界에서 어떻게 展開되고 있는가를 作家의 具體的인 意識行爲를 分析함으로써 살펴보았다. 여기서 <빛>의 이미지는 對象을 氣體化, 光彩化하려는 의식에 의해 주로 肯定的인 世界를 표상하는 것으로, 도달할 수 없는 理想的 世界를 構成한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 돌의 이미지는 대상을 石化하려는 想像空間을 構成하여 悲劇的 現實世界를 보여 주며 <물>의 이미지는 肯定과 否定의 二價性을 지니면서 <빛>, <돌>과 교란하는 매개적 역할의 것임을 알 수 있었다. 이것은 각각 詩人의 志向的 意識이 對象을 어떻게 변화시키고 있는가를 살펴봄으로써, 그것이 갖는 存在論的 形而上學的 意味를 탐구해 본 것으로서 의미가 있다. Ⅵ章에서는 <빛>, <물>, <돌>의 對立關係의 想像空間이 詩人의 獨特한 時間軸와 空間軸(개방된, 자유로운 상상력에 의한)에 의해 서로 統合되어 나타나는 것을 考察하였다. 이리하여 詩人은 <子正(밤)의 時間>과 <幼年期로의 復歸>라는 時間軸의 移動과 <바다로의 旅行>이라는 空間軸의 移行을 꿰하여 <빛/물·돌>이라는 葛藤의 場을 <빛×물(돌)>이라는 和解의 場으로 統合하여 <詩的 깊이>를 획득하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.Ⅰ. 序論 = 1 A) 哲學에서의 現象學的 認識論 = 1 B) 文學現象學의 槪念 = 3 C) 金 春洙 詩世界와 現象學的 文學批評 = 5 Ⅱ. 問題 提起의 詩〈꽃의 素描〉 = 10 Ⅲ. 빛의 이미지 = 22 A) 固體的 不動性의 氣體化 = 23 B) 固體的 形態性의 光彩化 = 31 C) 强한 빛·불에 나타난 乾燥化·燒却化 = 34 Ⅳ. 〈물〉의 이미지 = 36 A) 否定的인 물 = 37 B) 肯定的인 물 = 50 Ⅴ. 〈돌〉의 이미지 = 53 A) 有機物에서 無機物로의 變形 = 57 B) 空間의 凝縮 下降으로의 移動 = 64 Ⅵ. 〈빛×물(돌)〉의 力學的 秩序와 그 內面世界 = 68 A) 內面的 時間軸을 通하여 본 詩世界 = 68 B) 內面的 空間軸을 通하여 본 詩世界 = 76 Ⅶ. 結論 = 91 參考文獻 = 93 英文抄錄 = 9

Effects of experimental immobilization upon synovial membrane

의학과/박사[한글] [영문] Experimental immobilization of joints has been carried out by numerous investigators, and since the work of Menzel (1871) was reported, the morphological changes accompanying immobilization have been rather well established. Among observations on the histochemistry of synovial membrane an those of Davies(1943) on the staining reaction of normal synovial membrane, with special reference to the origin of synovial mucin in the various animals and the human; Lever and Ford(1958) on the use of histochemical methods, particularly the periodic acid-Schiff reaction, in combination with histological and electron microscopic investigations of rabbit, cat and human synovial membranes; and Castor(1960) on the structure of normal human synovial tissues. Roy et al. (1966) demonstrated that in traumatic effusion RNA·positive synovial cells were more frequent and that their numbers and the intensity of their staining reaction showed a significant increase with the increase in the volume of synovial fluid. Ghadially and Roy(1967) made a study of the histochemistry of synovium in experimental haemarthrosis in the rabbit, and detailed the ultrastructure and histochemistry of synovial membrane in rheumatoid arthritis by another investigation, but no histochemical studies of synovial membrane in immobilized joints in man or experimental animals have as yet been reported. The present investigation was undertaken to observe the morphological changes and to determine the influence upon synovial membrane, using the histochemical technique, in immobilized knee joints of albino rats. One hundred and thirty-two healthy mature Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 200 gm were used. Immobilization in flexed position of about 90 degrees was maintained by an internal stainless steel splint (sized 0.6 cmx3 cmxo.5 mm) secured on the lateral aspects of the femur and tibia with steel wire. The left knees of these animals were immobilized for periods of one, two, three, four, six and eight weeks, the right knees served as controls. In one only of such controls from each group of animals, steel wires were passed through holes and tied to the tibia and femur separately. After fixation arid decalcification with Jenkins's fluid, the extremities were trimmed so that only five or six millimeters of the femoral and tibial ends remained with the joint. Before embedding of the tissue in paraffin, the joint was sectioned in the sagittal place. Serial sections were prepaid and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. For histochemistry, the fresh synovial tissues were obtained from infrapatellar regions of the knees. To demonstrate the activity of adenosine triphosphatase, the method presented by Wachstein and Meisel(1957) was used. The sections were stained by the periodic acid-Schiff method of Hotechkiss(1948) for glycogen, and methyl green pyronin staining with Rosa's method(1950) for ribonucleic acid. Beside these, for contrast of glycogen and ribonucleic acid, the malt diastasedigestion method was used. For metachromasia the sections were stained with toluidine blue. In hematoxylin-eosin stained preparation, connective tissue proliferation was present in the knees immobilized for tyro weeks and it was well established at four weeks. After four weeks, no further significant changes were observed in the extent of the connective tissue. Definite adhesions to the unapposed articular cartilage were present at four weeks and became slightly more dense and more extensive at six weeks. After eight weeks the quality and extent of the adhesions did not appear to change. In the articular cartilages, on from three to four weeks of immobilization, some staining changes, loss of matrix homogeneity and thinning of the cartilage layer were observed. After four weeks of immobilization, vascular invasion from connective tissue adhesions wart found in some peripheral areas. After eight weeks, intrachondral and subchondral cysts were observed in the non-weight bearing regions The activity of adenosine triphosphatase was diminished in he synovial cells in the experimental group after four weeks of immobilization. After six weeks of immobilization the synovial cellos showed a marked decrease in the periodic acid-Schiff reaction. With methyl green pyronin staining for RNA, the synovial cells showed a definite increase in number in pyroninophilic granules and in intensity of staining reaction at three and four weeks of immobilization. After six weeks of immobilization there was a demonstrable decrease in the RNA content of synovial cells and this persisted to the end of the experiment. The surface layers of the synovial membrane, in general, were stained mon intensely than 7he deeper layers in both RNA staining and PAS staining preparations. Toluidine blue gave only faint metachromasia to the very rarely seen mast cells in the deeper layers of synovium. It is suggested that such changes as are demonstrated in the ATP-ase activity, and in the content of glycogen and RNA of synovial membrane, are correlated with various metabolic changes of the synovial membrane following immobilization of rat knee joints.restrictio

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An artificial retina with local brightness adaptation and edge detection

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