기니픽에서 알코올에 의한 위점막 손상에 대한 비타민 C의 예방효과

알코올은 위점막의 손상을 주는 독성물질로 알려져 왔다. 알코올의 위점막 손상 기전은 여러가지 설이 있으나 아직 정확하게 규명되어 있지 않다. 최근에 새로 대두되고 있는 설은 acetaldehyde 산화과정시 생긴 xanthine oxidase에 의해 생성된 반응성 산소종(reactive oxygen species)이 세포막의 지방과산화 및 세포막 손상을 일으켜 위점막의 손상을 유발하는 기전이다. 한편 비타민 C가 산소유리기의 포착제(scavenger)로서 불안정한 산소 유리기를 처리하는 역할을 하는 항산화제 성질이 있다는 것이 알려져 있다. 기니픽을 실험동물로 하여 알코올의 위점막 투여시에 항산화제 성질을 갖고 있는 비타민 C가 위점막 손상을 예방할 수 있는가를 알아보기 위한 실험을 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 비타민 C 투여군에서는 비타민 C를 투여하지 않은 군에 비하여 혈액, 혈장, 위액, 담즙, 뇨등에서 높은 비타민 C 수준을 보였다. 2. 비타민 C 투여군에서는 다른 군에 비해 위, 십이지장, 공장, 회장, 부신등의 조직에서 높은 비타민 C 수준을 보였다. 3. 알코올로 위점막의 손상을 가하였을 때 비타민 C를 투여했던 군에서 육안 및 현미경으로 관찰하여 알코올에 의한 손상이 비타민 C를 투여하지 않았던 군보다 적게 나타났다. 4. 알코올을 투여했던 군에서는 알코올을 투여하지 않았던 군에 비하여 혈액, 혈장 및 위조직의 비타민 C 수준이 떨어져 있음을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 알코올에 의한 위점막의 손상을 비타민 C가 예방할 수 있으며, 이것은 위점막의 손상시 항산화제 성질을 가진 비타민 C를 쓰면서 산소 유리기(oxygen free radical)에 의한 손상을 막기 때문에 나타나는 결과라고 할 수 있겠다. ; Alcohol is a toxic substance to the gastric mucosa. It may cause gastric mucosal hemorrhage, erosion or gastric ulcer. The mechanism with which alcohol causes gastric mucosal injury is still controversial. Recently it was proposed that superoxide anion is generated intracellularly when the gastric mucosa is exposed to the alcohol. Xanthine oxidase has been implicated as the source of oxygen free radicals in alcohol-induced gastric injury. Vitamin C is one of the antioxidants. Numerous experiments showed that the deficiency of vitamin C may cause gastric mucosal bleeding and peptic ulceration. This study was designed to confirm that vitamin C can prevent the alcohol-induced gastric injury in the guinea pig. The results were as follow: 1. The group treated with vitamin C had higher vitamin C level in the blood, plasma, gastric juice, bile juice and urine than the group treated with normal saline alone. 2. The group treated with vitamin C had higher level of vitamin C level in the tissue of the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, adrenal gland. 3. The group treated with vitamin C suffered lesser degree of injury after alcohol administration than the control group macroscopically and microscopically. 4. The group injured by alcohol had lower level of vitamin C level in the blood, plasma, and the tissue of stomach than the group administered with only tap water. These results suggest that vitamin C prevents the alcohol-induced gastric mucosal injury and the antioxidant property of vitamin C may play a role in the defense of alcohol-induced oxygen radical injury. Key Words: oxygen free radicals, alcohol, gastric mucosal injury, vitamin C논문개요 ------------------------------------------------------------- ⅰ Ⅰ. 서론 ------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Ⅱ. 실험재료 및 방법 ------------------------------------------------- 3 1. 실험동물 및 실험방법 --------------------------------------------- 3 2. 검체 처리과정 ---------------------------------------------------- 4 3. 비타민 C 측정방법 ------------------------------------------------ 4 4. 측정 과정 -------------------------------------------------------- 5 5. 통계처리 방법 ---------------------------------------------------- 5 Ⅲ. 결과 ------------------------------------------------------------- 6 1. 실험동물의 체중 -------------------------------------------------- 6 2. 생화학적인 소견 -------------------------------------------------- 6 3. 육안적 관찰 ------------------------------------------------------ 8 4. 광학현미경적 관찰 ------------------------------------------------ 11 Ⅳ. 고찰 ------------------------------------------------------------- 18 Ⅴ. 결론 ------------------------------------------------------------- 23 참고문헌 ------------------------------------------------------------- 24 사진부록 ------------------------------------------------------------- 28 영문초록 ------------------------------------------------------------- 2

Sodium nitroprusside에 의한 OAT3 수송체의 기능 저해 기전에 관한 생물약제학적 연구

Thesis(doctors) --서울대학교 대학원 :제약학과(약제과학전공),2010.2.Docto

Clinical features, genetics, and outcome of pediatric patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in Korea: report of a nationwide survey from Korea Histiocytosis Working Party

BackgroundWe analyzed a nationwide registry of pediatric patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in Korea to assess the clinical and genetic features and treatment outcomes in pediatric HLH. MethodsThe Korea Histiocytosis Working Party retrospectively analyzed data on 251 pediatric patients diagnosed with HLH between 1996 and 2011. ResultsIn the study cohort, 25 cases were categorized with familial HLH, 64 with presumed secondary HLH, and 162 with unspecified HLH. Of 217 evaluable patients, 91 (42%) had concomitant Epstein-Barr virus infection. Of 238 evaluable patients, central nervous system (CNS) involvement, which was more frequent in the familial group, was evident in 81 cases (34%). Genetic tests revealed a predominant UNC13D mutation with a high incidence of two recurrent splicing mutations (c.118-308C>T and c.754-1G>C). The 5-yr overall survival rate was 68% (38% in the familial group and 81% in the presumed secondary group). The 5-yr overall survival rate among 32 patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was 64%. In multivariate analysis, a younger age at diagnosis, severe transaminasemia, and a coagulation abnormality were independent prognostic factors for survival. Responses during initial treatments were also significant indicators of outcome. ConclusionOur study showed the unique predominance of a UNC13D mutation and vulnerability to Epstein-Barr virus infection in Korean children with HLH and emphasizes the prognostic significance of age, liver dysfunction, and treatment responses in this disease. A multicenter prospective trial that builds on the present results is warranted to identify subgroups of patients with a poor prognosis and identify optimal treatments

Clinical trial of low dose cytosine arabinoside in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia

The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of low dose cytosine arabinoside (LD Ara-C) as an alternative treatment to conventional cytotoxic induction chemotherapy in childhood acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Four children with APL in poor medical condition prior to chemotherapy were treated with LD Ara-C (10 mg/m 2/12h) for 3 weeks. In three patients, the second course was administered after a resting period of two weeks. Subsequent conventional cytotoxic induction chemotherapy was applied in patients who did not enter complete remission (CR). After induction of CR, maintenance chemotherapy with a conventional monthly multi-drug regimen was applied. CR in one patient and partial remission (PR) in two patients were obtained after two courses of LD Ara-C. Patients who did not enter CR after LD Ara-C entered on subsequent conventional chemotherapy. There were no major complications such as intracranial hemorrhage and sepsis; myelosuppression was not as severe as in conventional chemotherapy; there was clinical and laboratory improvement in coagulopathy. We concluded that LD Ara-C may be an alternative treatment to the conventional chemotherapy in children with APL, especially in whom conventional cytotoxic induction chemotherapy is thought to increase the risk of serious complications and early fatality during induction chemotherapy

Liver stem cells derived from the bone marrow and umbilical cord blood

[No abstract available

Induction of the differentiation of HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells by L-ascorbic acid

The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of L-ascorbic acid (LAA) on the growth of HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells, besides induction of apoptosis. LAA (≥ 10 -4 M) was found to markedly inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 in liquid culture and clonogenicity in semisolid culture. Moreover, LAA-treated HL-60 showed activity to produce chemiluminescence and expressed CD 66b cell surface antigens, indicating that LAA induces the differentiation of HL-60 mainly into granulocytes. The results are supported by morphological changes of LAA-treated HL-60 into segmented neutrophils. Therefore, the inhibitory effect of LAA on the growth of HL-60 cells seems to arise from the induction of differentiation. To assess the potential role of LAA, cells were exposed to oxygen radical scavengers in the absence or presence of LAA. Catalase abolished and superoxide dismutase promoted LAA-induced differentiation of HL-60. Thus, H 2O 2 produced as a result of LAA treatment seems to play a major role in induction of HL-60 differentiation

Epidemiology and clinical long-term outcome of childhood aplastic anemia in korea for 15 years: Retrospective study of the Korean Society of Pediatric Hematology Oncology (KSPHO)

PURPOSE: Aplastic anemia (AA) is a rare hematologic disease characterized by pancytopenia and hypocellular marrow. The Korean Society of Pediatric Hematology Oncology investigated retrospectively the incidence, survival, and transfusion independency according to treatment strategies in AA. METHODS: All the questionnaires were sent to members for medical records. We collected and analyzed 702 available data. RESULTS: The male and female ratio was 1.2, and the median age at diagnosis was 9.3 years. The annual incidence of Korean children with AA was 5.16 per million per year. Constitutional anemia was diagnosed in 44 children. In acquired AA, causes were identified in 39 children. Severe AA (SAA) at initial diagnosis was more common than nonsevere AA. The overall survival was 47.8% with supportive care, 68.1% with immunosuppressive therapy (IST), and 81.8% with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In IST, response rate was 65.7%, and relapse rate after response was 54.4% within a median of 23.0 months. The factors with overall survival were severity of disease in supportive care, severity and response in IST, donor type, graft failure, and posttransplant events in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term outcome in AA was dependent on treatment strategies. These Korean results may help research and prospective international clinical trials for childhood AA. © 2011 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc

Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit RANK-RANKL interactions between osteoclasts and Th17 cells via osteoprotegerin activity

Th17 cells play a critical role in several autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with systemic inflammation and comorbidities, such as PsA. PsA develops in nearly 70% of patients with psoriasis, and osteoclasts associated bone erosion is a hallmark of the disease. Thus far, the effect of Th17 cells on osteoclastogenesis via direct cell-to-cell interactions is less understood. In this study, we observed that Th17 cells directly promote osteoclast differentiation and maturation via expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ β ligand (RANKL) in vitro. We investigated the impact of conditioned medium obtained from human palatine tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (T-CM) on the interactions between osteoclasts and Th17 cells. T-CM effectively blunted the RANK-RANKL interaction between the osteoclast precursor cell line RAW 264.7 and Th17 cells via osteoprotegerin (OPG) activity. The frequency of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells in the bone marrow of an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis mouse model was decreased following T-CM injection. Therefore, our data provide novel insight into the therapeutic potential of tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cell-mediated therapy (via OPG production) for the treatment of pathophysiologic processes induced by osteoclasts under chronic inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis. © Cho et al