Emerging Brain-Pathophysiology-Mimetic Platforms for Studying Neurodegenerative Diseases: Brain Organoids and Brains-on-a-Chip

Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of the structural and functional integrity of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Millions of people suffer from degenerative brain diseases worldwide, and the mortality continues to increase every year, causing a growing demand for knowledge of the underlying mechanisms and development of therapeutic targets. Conventional 2D-based cell culture platforms and animal models cannot fully recapitulate the pathophysiology, and this has limited the capability for estimating drug efficacy. Recently, engineered platforms, including brain organoids and brain-on-a-chip, have emerged. They mimic the physiology of brain tissue and reflect the fundamental pathophysiological signatures of neurodegenerative diseases, such as the accumulation of neurotoxic proteins, structural abnormalities, and functional loss. In this paper, recent advances in brain-mimetic platforms and their potential for modeling features of neurodegenerative diseases in vitro are reviewed. The development of a physiologically relevant model should help overcome unresolved neurodegenerative diseases.restrictio

Three-Dimensional Axotomy and Regeneration on Open-Access Microfluidic Platform

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Method for Manufacturing Mesoporous Aluminosilicate by Controlled Decationization

본 발명은 탈 양이온현상(decationization)을 이용한 메조다공성 알루미노실리케이트를 제조하는 방법에 관한 것으로, 보다 상세하게는 고체 주형물질이나 유기실란을 사용하지 않고 기존 제올라이트의 구조를 이온교환 및 열처리를 통한 탈 양이온 현상을 통하여 단계적으로 붕괴시킴으로써 마이크로기공과 메조기공을 모두 지니는 메조다공성 알루미노실리케이트를 제조하는 방법에 관한 것이다.본 발명에 따라 제조된 메조다공성 알루미노실리케이트는 이온교환 및 열처리를 통하여 메조기공을 얻을 수 있기 때문에 합성 비용을 줄일 수 있어 경제적이며 대량 생산으로서의 발전 가능성을 기대할 수 있다. 또한, 마이크로 기공만을 지니고 있는 제올라이트의 느린 분자확산 속도 등의 고질적인 한계점을 해결할 수 있으며, 이온교환 정도를 조절함으로써 제올라이트 골격의 붕괴 정도와 이에 따른 메조 기공의 크기를 조절할 수 있고, 본 발명에 따른 메조다공성 알루미노실리케이트 물질은 큰 분자의 흡착제 및 촉매로 사용할 수 있는 물질로 응용 가능하다

수소화 반응용 촉매 및 이의 제조방법

A catalyst for a hydrogenation reaction according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application comprises: a polymer support; and a catalytic component supported on the polymer support, in which the polymer support comprises a repeating unit represented by the following Formula 1

Cell-Membrane-Derived Nanoparticles with Notch-1 Suppressor Delivery Promote Hypoxic Cell-Cell Packing and Inhibit Angiogenesis Acting as a Two-Edged Sword

Cell-cell interactions regulate intracellular signaling via reciprocal contacts of cell membranes in tissue regeneration and cancer growth, indicating a critical need of membrane-derived tools in studying these processes. Hence, cell-membrane-derived nanoparticles (CMNPs) are produced using tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs) from children owing to their short doubling time. As target cell types, laryngeal cancer cells are compared to bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) because of their cartilage damaging and chondrogenic characteristics, respectively. Treating spheroids of these cell types with CMNPs exacerbates interspheroid hypoxia with robust maintenance of the cell-cell interaction signature for 7 days. Both cell types prefer a hypoxic environment, as opposed to blood vessel formation that is absent in cartilage but is required for cancer growth. Hence, angiogenesis is inhibited by displaying the Notch-1 aptamer on CMNPs. Consequently, laryngeal cancer growth is suppressed efficiently in contrast to improved chondroprotection observed in a series of cell and animal experiments using a xenograft mouse model of laryngeal cancer. Altogether, CMNPs execute a two-edged sword function of inducing hypoxic cell-cell packing, followed by suppressing angiogenesis to promote laryngeal cancer death and chondrogenesis simultaneously. This study presents a previously unexplored therapeutic strategy for anti-cancer and chondroprotective treatment using CMNPs.restrictio