Research on contents analtsis on image of nursing on television drama

We tried to inquire the people's views on nursing or nurses, correct the image of nurse and take it as a basis to be applied on nursing education examining the image of nursing on Television drama playing a important role of mass media. 153 nurses of the characters in drama is applied to the analysis object of this study by selecting 3 dramas of Television ones the nurse play a more important role than sorrounding characters from January 1 to October 31 in 1995. Contents analysis method was used in Data Analysis, 7 Items was used after Coders previously modify and compensate it based on research documents of Kalish & Kalisch(1986), Yoon Young(1983), Lee Hye-Ok(1982), Lee Young-Bok, etc in analysis items. 3 Coders made the Codings the article on each person by Item seeing the recorded Film making the Coding Paper each Items is written by the character. The average of reliability degree was 93% which measured the reliability degree by the method of Holsti. The statistic method of Frequency, Percentage was used using SAS Program in data processing. The result of research is as follows. 1. The general feature of nurses on the drama is that they are all women which is 20 or 30-aged single(64.7%) without children. 2. Relative importance of 78.4% nurses in drama is depicted as sorrounding characters and most of them was expressed as the character plating sorrounding role. 3. The affair attitude of nurses shown on drama is revealed as mechanical(57.5%), passive(56.4%), autonomous(37.3%) and adept(33.3%). 4. The activity of nurses was classified with professional/simple affair, personal/assistant affair. The technical affair such as I.V., Vital Sign check, Blood Pressure Check, Blood Gathering, I.M., I.V., etc is mainly depicted as a professional affairs and the screen of simple affair such as Receiving Telephone, Carrying Tray or Dragging, Stretcher Car, Dressing Car and or Wheel Chair than professional affair. Personal sanitation, B.P. check, Vital sign check, Assessment of patient condition, assistant meal of patient, taking over report, etc was expressed as a personal affair and the affairs related with medical treatment of most doctor or assistant measure was included in the assistant affair. 5. The place nurses of the drama appears are hospital(ward corridor, nurse room, rest room, divining room, hospital yard)(57.3%), rest room, coffee house, restaurant(20.1%), home(17.2%), other(outdoor)(5.4%). 6. The appearance feature of nurses is shown on common physique (83.0%), common stature(68.6%), decent costume(78.4%), attractive appearance(39.9%), noble action(25.5%). The feature of character of nurses depicted on Television drama is faibleness(59.5%), passive(56.9%), emotional(50.3%), not interllectual (49.0%), obedient(43.8%), strict(39.2%), authoritative(36.6%), selfish(32.0%). realistic(29.4%),sympathetic(18.3%). The image of nurses is illuminated as the exterial scene of technical affair such as assisting the doctors and affair focused on accident and educational activity of nurses or extended role is nor depicted on Television drama. therefore, the people regard the nurse as sexual object with good appearance than professional worker working professional nursing. We want the following epigraph based on above conclusion. 1. The continuos research is required on the image of nurse shown on various mass media. 2. The later research is required on application strategy of mass media for advancing the image of nurse. 3. The research confirming the change of the image of nurse by epoch analyzing the drama by epoch. 4. The research to strengthen the objectivity by comparing analyzed data on drama & analyzing it is required.;간호전문직의 발전은 간호에 대한 대상자들의 요구와 인식이 존재할 때 이루어진다. 따라서 간호 대상자들인 대중의 간호에 대한 이미지는 간호 전문직의 발전을 위해 매우 중요한 문제이다. 그러나 아직도 대중매체에 노출된 간호는 현실과 다르게 표현되고 있음은 물론 전문직 간호로서의 바람직한 방향으로 묘사되고 있지 않다. 간호 이미지를 간호의 정체성을 찾는 일이라고 하였고(Kelly, 1980), 대중들이 간호나 간호사에 대해서 갖는 신념, 생각, 느낌들의 총합(Kalisch & Kalisch)이라고 보았다. 이러한 간호 이미지의 구축에는 대중매체와 같은 외적 요인이 영향을 미친다(Pouter & Ponter, 1991), 즉 대중매체에 부정적으로 묘사되는 간호 이미지는 간호사의 자존감에 영향을 주고, 간호사의 신념과 가치, 자신감은 저하시킨다. 이러한 요소들은 간호사 업무수행에 있어 중요한 영향 요인이 된다. 따라서 본 연구는 대중매체의 중심매체로서의 역할을 하는 텔레비전의 드라마에 나타난 간호 이미지를 살펴봄으로써 대중들이 간호나 간호사에 대해 갖고 있는 생각들을 알아보고, 대중매체에서 잘못 묘사된 간호 이미지를 바로잡기 위한 노력과 함께 이것을 간호교육에 적용시킬 기초로 삼고자 시도되었다. 본 연구의 분석대상은 1995년 1월 1일부터 1995년 10원 31까지 방영된 텔레비전 드라마 중 간호사가 주변인물 이상으로 등장하는 드라마 3편을 선정하여 극 중 등장하는 간호사의 153개 역할을 대상으로 하였다. 자료분석은 내용분석방범을 사용하였고, 분석유목은 Kalisch & Kalisch(1986), 윤용(1983), 이혜옥(1982), 이영복(1970) 등의 연구문헌을 근거로 한 것을 3명의 코더가 내용분석 유목은 검토하고, 수정, 보완한 후 간호사의 일반적 특성, 역할비중, 업무태도, 활동내용, 등장장소, 외적 특성, 성격특성 등 7개의 항목을 만들어 사용하였다. 코딩방법은 각 유목을 적은 코딩지를 등장인물별로 작성하여 3명의 코더가 녹화필름을 보면서 각 인물에 대한 사항을 항목별로 코딩하였다. 신뢰도 측정은 Holsti의 방법에 의해서 측정하였는데 평균 신뢰도는 93%였다. 자료의 처리는 SAS프로그램을 이용하여 빈도, 백분율의 통계방법을 사용하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 드라마에서 간호사의 역할비중은 78.4%가 주변인물로 묘사되어 대부분 주변역할을 하는 인물로 표현되었다. 2. 드라마에 나타난 간호사의 업무태도는 기계적(57.5%), 수동적(56.4%)이고, 자율적(40.5%)이며 불친절(37.3%), 숙달된 것(33.3%) 순으로 나타났다. 3. 간호사의 활동내용은 전문적/단순 업무, 독자적/보조적 업무로 구분하였다. 전문적 업무로는 혈액. 수액 주입, 활력증후측정, 혈압체크, 채혈, 근육주사, 정맥주사 등의 기술적인 업무가 주로 묘사되었고, 전문적 업무보다는 전화 받기, 트레이를 들고 다니거나 스트레처카, 드레싱카, 휠체어 등을 끌고 다니기 등의 단순업무 장면이었다. 독자적 업무는 개인위생, 혈압. 활력증후 측정, 환자상태사정, 환자의 영양공급, 인계보고 등으로 표현되었고 보조적 업무는 대부분 의사의 진료나 처치 보조와 관련된 업무가 많았다. 4. 극 중 간호사들의 등장장소는 병원(병동복도, 간호사실, 휴게실, 식당, 병원 뜰)(57.3%), 휴게실·다방·레스토랑(20.1%), 가정(17,2%), 기타(옥외)(5.4%)의 순으로 나타났다. 5. 간호사의 외적 특성은 보통의 체격(83.0%)과 보통의 신장(68.6%), 단정한 의상(78.4%)으로 표현된 반면, 매력적인 용모(39.9%), 고상한 행동(25,5%)의 특성은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 6. 텔레비전 드라마에 묘사된 간호사의 성격 특성은 연약(59.5%), 수동적(56.9%), 감정적(50.3%), 비지적(49.0%), 복종적(43.8%), 엄격(39.2%), 권위적(36.6%), 이기적(32.0%), 현실적(29.4%), 동정적(18.3%)인 성향 순으로 나타났다. 7. 극 중 간호사의 일반적 특성은 모두 여성이며, 20대-30대가 84.3%, 자녀가 없는 상태가 54.9%, 미혼이 64,7%를 차지하였다. 본 연구에서 간호 이미지는 의사를 보조하는 정도의 기술적인 업무와 사건 중심의 업무 외적인 장면들이 주로 비춰지고 있고 간호사외 교육적 활동이나 확대된 역할은 텔레비전 드라마에 거의 묘사되고 있지 않았다. 이는 대중이 간호사를 전문직 간호를 수행하는 전문 직업인으로 인식하는데 장애를 줄 수 잇다. 이상의 결론에 근거하여 다음과 같은 제언을 하고자한다. 1. 다양한 대중매체에 나타난 간호 이미지에 대한 계속적인 연구가 요구된다. 2. 간호 이미지 향상을 위한 대중매체의 활용전략에 대한 추후 연구가 요구된다. 3. 시대별로 나누어 드라마를 분석하여 간호 이미지의 시대별 변화를 확인하는 연구가 요구된다. 4. 드라마를 분석한 자료와 시청자의 반응을 비교, 분석함으로써 객관성을 높일 수 있는 연구가 요구된다.목차 = ⅲ 논문개요 = ⅵ Ⅰ. 서론 = 1 1. 연구의 필요성 = 1 2. 연구목적 = 4 3. 용어의 정의 = 4 4. 연구의 제한점 = 5 Ⅱ. 문헌고찰 = 6 1. 간호 이미지 = 6 2. 대중매체 = 14 Ⅲ. 연구방법 = 19 1. 연구설계 = 19 2. 분석자료의 표집 = 19 3. 자료 분석 절차 = 20 Ⅳ. 연구결과 및 논의 = 26 1. 역할비중 = 26 2. 업무태도 = 27 3. 활동내용 = 30 4. 등장장소 = 33 5. 외적특성 (외모) = 34 6. 성격특성 = 36 Ⅴ. 결론 및 제언 = 41 참고문헌 = 44 부록 = 49 ABSTRACT = 5

노인 요양시설 간호사의 간호행위 분류 The classification of Nurse's Nursing Activities in Nursing Home for Elderly

The number of nurses working at the institution for the elderly accounted for 281 as of 1998(the Ministry of Health and Wellbeing), which amounted to 10.4% of the number of the employees at all the institutions for the elderly. Nevertheless, there do not exist any specialized in-service education, organization and meeting for nurses working in the nursing home, and their activity is not known at all. Few studies on the nursing field of the nursing home is almost absent, and studies on the intention to use the nursing home, the determinants to use it, the development of the nursing home model and the like have been conducted for the recent 2 to 3 years. And some studies have been conducted on the health characteristics of the elderly resident at the nursing home, comparison of the function of daily life and the like. Studies on the nurse's job have never been conducted. In particular, the guidebook for the job of nurses is not only provided but even the level of job and role is not known. That is, the overall fact is not known as to what role the nurse perform at the nursing home and whether the nurse is needed at all at the nursing home. It is thought that this study will help to provide the quality nursing home for the comfort of the increasing old population For this purpose, it is necessary to investigate what the job of the nurse working in the nursing home is, identify the job of the nurse in the nursing home, establish the status of the nurse in the nursing home, assist in secure the nursing manpower to the optimal level and raise the quality of the nurse's service quality. This study was intended to identify and classify the nursing activities of nurses working in the nursing home. It was the basic research to establish the identity of nurses in the nursing home working in the nursing home for the elderly in Korea by identifying the nursing activities relating to the role and function of nurses providing nursing services in the nursing home for the elderly. It was the one to provide the elderly with quality nursing services and further strengthen the role and function of nurses as the subject of the nursing home, the expanded nursing role of nurses in the nursing home for the elderly. The specific purpose of study was to investigate the nursing activities of nurses in the nursing home for the elderly, test the validity of their nursing activities and classify their nursing activities. The research method included the literature review, the field survey, the interview, the business log analysis. This study investigated the nursing activities of nurses working in the nursing home, investigated its validity through the focus group and drew 116 items concerning the nursing activities. And to confirm the validity of this nursing activities through practicing nursing, this study conducted the questionnaire research on 92 practicing nurses working in the paid, "cost" and free-charging nursing home. Of them, 38 items were excluded and finally 78 items on the nursing activities of nurses working in the nursing home were accepted. Data analysis was conducted using the SAS statistical program. Data were analyzed on the general characteristics, nursing activities and frequency of nurses working in the nursing home using frequency and percentage. Mean and standard deviation were calculated on the frequency and content of nursing activities. Analysis was conducted on the difference in nursing activities according to types of nursing homes. As a result, the nursing activities of nurses working in the nursing home was divided into 78 nursing activities pertaining to 13 domains. The first domain was the nursing domain of respiration which included the followings: all kinds of basic check up; T.P.R; aspiration; oxygen therapy; use of the humidifier; cardiopulmonary resuscitation(artificial respiration); evaluation of the level of satisfaction; the evaluation of nursing quality; and the like. The second nutrition domain was the nursing one which included the followings: all kinds of basic checkup; confirmation of the problem; confirmation of the checkup results; diagnosis of the problem; treatment and management plan; weight measurement; measurement of blood sugar; measurement of intake and output; supply of oral nutrition; supply of nutrition through the intestinal tract; intubation and its management; nutritional improvement; evaluation of the satisfaction level; evaluation of nursing quality and the like. The third domain was the nursing one of elemination which included the followings: all kinds of checkup; confirmation of the problem; confirmation of the checkup results; enema; catheterization; catheter management; insertion of tubes of all kinds and management; evaluation of the satisfaction level; evaluation of nursing quality; and the like. The fourth domain was the excercise/ posture maintenance one which included the followings: change of position; application of elastic bandage; exercise; physical therapy; and the like. The fifth domain was the nursing one of security which included the followings: coldness and warmth therapy; measurement of body temperature; application of sandbag; assistance in going to hospital or shopping; recreation; companion with whom they can chat; emotional support; money management; and the like. The sixth domain was the sanitary nursing one which included the followings: tooth brushing; shampooing; bathing; sitz bath; shaving and cleaning; hot sitz bath; and the like. The seventh domain was the nursing one of safety which included the followings: aseptic technique; infection management; management of wound from the surgical operation; bedsore treatment; wound dressing; prevention from falling; blood pressure measurement; pulse measurement; and the like. The eight domain was the communication one which included the followings: judgement of the patient's condition; multidisciplinary approach; solicitation for different jobs; commission to and counselling with doctors; invitation for hospitalization; referral to other medical institutions; communication for safety management; supervision and education of life supporters; and the like. The ninth domain was the spiritual nursing one which included nursing for death. The tenth domain was the counseling and educational one which included the followings: health promotion education; nutritional education; abstinence education; drug disabuse and abuse education; diseases and their treatment; education on side effects; information on how to use all kinds of equipment and drug; counseling with the guardian of the elderly; and the like. The eleventh domain was the dosage one which included the followings: oral dosage; IV; IM; SQ injection(hypodermic injection); transfusion; and the like. The twelfth domain was the patient nursing management/information management domain which included the followings: the rounding of the nursing home; drawing up the nursing log; article management; safety and environmental management; the plan to discharge from a hospital; and the like. The thirteenth domain was the program development one, as the one added to this study, which included the followings: on-the-job training on nurses; other technical education; community resident health promotion job; and the like. Nursing activities related to the role of nurses not included in 12 existing domains such as specialized on-the-job training and other special education for nurses and nursing activities such as promotion of local community residents are the field that can place emphasis on speciality as the nurse of the nursing home for the elderly. Thus this was added to the program development domain as it was thought that it was necessary to classify it as another domain. An attempt was made to make a comparison between clinical nursing activities and nursing activities in the nursing home for the elderly. As a result, it could be found that greater emphasis was placed on nursing activities in the communication, counseling and education and security nursing domains in the nursing home than on clinical nursing activities, which indicates that nursing activities was mentioned in concrete and diverse ways. This study has its significance of nursing studies in that it systematically sought to draw and classify nursing activities of the nurses working in the nursing home for the elderly in terms of nursing theories. In terms of nursing practice, this study had its significant meaning in that it set the criterion for unclear jobs of nursers in the community setting by using the classification of nursing activities of nurses working in the nursing home for the elderly, established technical differentiation from other categories of occupation and provided for job guidelines of nurses working in the nursing home as basic material. And it provided basic material for calculating the price for nursing services and the proper number of nursing manpower within the nursing home for the elderly. In terms of nursing education, this study ascertained what was the nursing activities to strengthen for nurses within the nursing home for the elderly so that it might apply to the nursing curriculum. This study had some limitation in drawing the nursing activities proper to the nursing home for the elderly in greater depth because the model of classification framework used in this study was related to the clinical nursing activities studied for general hospital. Accordingly, it is thought that it is more necessary to make the future study of its refinement. Moreover, it is necessary to set the job standard of each nursing activities. Based on the results, the following suggestion was presented: 1) Educational Aspect - It is necessary to develop and apply the curriculum to produce nurses armed with the proper level of quality and ability as nursing manpower for the elderly. - It is necessary to develop the educational program related to specialized nurses for the elderly. 2) Research Aspect - It is necessary to identify the job overlapping with other job series, especially the job of social worker in the nursing home for the elderly and attempt to make a job analysis to probe cooperation with other job series. - It is necessary to attempt to develop the job curriculum for nurses in the nursing home through the developed job. 3) Practical Aspect - It is necessary to develop the job guidebook by embodying the list of jobs developed through expanded research. - It is necessary to reinforce the mediating role in enhancing the qualitative level of direct nursing. - It is necessary to reinforce the role as the developer of the program for the nursing home. - It is necessary to intensify the mediating role of the nurse in balancing the power relationship between employees in the nursing home. 4) Policy Aspect - It is necessary to measure manpower demand according to the type of nursing homes and to the quality of nurses' job. - The national classification system is needed that is enforced in compliance with the national, uniform and objective standard in order to provide efficient medical services. And it is necessary to build the nursing home specialized according to the disease condition of old people. - It is necessary to introduce the system of nursing specializing in the elderly.;노인인구의 증가, 핵가족화와 여성의 사회참여 증가, 개인주의 확산에 따른 노인의 독립생활의 촉진, 사회보장제도의 발달로 인한 노인부양이 가정에서 노인요양시설로 이행되는 추세로 앞으로 시설거주 노인이 늘어날 것이며 간호인력들이 시설에 거주하는 노인들을 돌볼 기회 또한 증가될 것이다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 우리나라의 노인요양시설에서 간호를 제공하는 간호사의 역할과 기능에 대한 간호행위를 규명하고 분류하므로 한국의 노인 요양시설 간호사의 정체성을 확립하고, 노인 대상자들에게 양질의 간호를 제공하고 더 나아가서는 간호의 확대된 역할인 요양시설의 주체로서 간호사의 역할과 기능을 강화시키기 위해 시도되었다. 본 연구의 구체적인 연구목적은 노인요양시설 간호사의 간호행위를 조사하고, 간호행위의 타당도를 검증하고, 간호행위를 분류하는 것이다. 자료수집 기간은 2002년 8월 23일부터 10월 13일까지 약 2개월 간이었다. 연구의 대상은 보건복지부에 등록되어 있고, 전국에 분포하고 있는 288개의 노인복지시설 중 162개의 무료, 실비, 유료노인요양시설에서 근무하는 간호사 중 연구의 목적에 동의하여 우편으로 설문조사에 응한 92명을 연구 대상으로 하였다. 연구도구는 문헌고찰, 현장조사, 인터뷰, 업무일지 분석을 통해 간호행위를 조사하여 초점집단에 타당도를 검증한 후, 연구자가 작성한 설문지로 일반적 특성 17문항, 간호행위 116문항으로 구성하였다. 본 연구에서의 Cronbach's α=.72로 나타났다. 자료분석은 SAS 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 노인요양시설 간호사의 일반적 특성, 간호행위, 빈도 등은 빈도, 백분율로, 간호행위빈도, 내용은 평균과 표준편차, 요양시설 유형에 따른 간호행위는 ANOVA분석을 하였다. 연구결과 노인요양시설 간호사의 간호행위는 대분류 6개 영역, 중분류 13개 영역, 소분류 78개 간호행위로 분류되었다. 대분류는 건강관리, 일상생활보조, 투약, 협조/관리/조정, 교육/상담, 프로그램 개발 등 6개로 분류하였고, 중분류는 호흡간호, 영양간호, 배설간호, 운동 및 자세유지, 안위간호, 위생, 안전간호, 투약, 의사소통, 환자간호관리 및 정보관리, 영적지지, 상담 및 교육, 프로그램 개발 등의 13개 영역으로 분류하였다. 소분류는 각종기초검사, 문제점 확인, 검사결과확인, 활력증후측정, 흡인, 산소요법, 가습기 사용, 심폐소생술(인공호흡), 대상자 만족도 평가, 간호의 질평가, 체중측정, 혈당측정, 섭취량 배설량 측정, 구강영양공급, 장관영양공급, 튜브삽입 및 관리, 영양개선, 관장, 인공도뇨, 카테터관리, 각종 튜브 삽입 및 관리, 체위변경, 탄력붕대적용, 운동, 물리치료, 냉온요법, 체온측정, 모래주머니 적용, 병원갈 때 돕기, 쇼핑돕기, 레크리에이션, 말동무, 정서적지지, 금전관리, 이닦기, 머리감기, 목욕, 뒷물, 면도 및 세척, 좌욕, 무균술, 감염관리, 수술상처관리, 욕창치료, 상처드레싱, 낙상방지, 혈압측정, 맥박측정, 대상자 상태 판단, 치료 및 관리계획, 타직종간 의뢰, 의사에게 의뢰 및 상담, 입원권유, 타의료기관소개, 안전관리를 위한 의사소통, 생활보조원 감독 및 교육, 임종간호, 건강증진교육, 영양교육, 금연교육, 절주교육, 약물 오,남용 교육, 질병이나 치료법, 부작용에 대한 교육, 각종 기구나 약물사용법 알려주기, 대상자, 보호자 상담, 경구투약, 정맥주사, 근육주사, 피하주사, 수혈, 노인요양시설순회, 간호기록지작성, 물품관리, 안전 및 환경관리, 퇴원계획, 간호사 보수 교육, 기타전문교육, 지역사회연계 및 자원활용 등의 78개 간호행위로 분류되었다.논문개요 = ⅸ Ⅰ. 서 론 = 1 A. 연구의 필요성 = 1 B. 연구 목적 = 3 C. 용어의 정의 = 4 D. 연구의 제한점 = 5 Ⅱ. 문헌고찰 = 7 A. 노인요양시설 = 7 B. 간호행위 = 16 Ⅲ. 연구방법 = 23 A. 노인요양시설 간호사의 간호행위 목록화 = 23 B. 노인요양시설 간호사의 간호행위 타당도 검증 = 24 C. 노인요양시설 간호사의 간호행위 조사 = 25 D. 노인요양시설 간호사의 간호행위 분류 = 26 Ⅳ. 연구결과 및 논의 = 27 A. 노인요양시설 간호사의 간호행위 = 27 B. 노인요양시설 간호사의 간호행위 분류 = 37 Ⅴ. 결론 및 제언 = 49 참고문헌 = 55 부 록 = 67 영문초록 = 7

Method for controlling hybrid powertrain based on electrified manual transmission using a planetary gear

본 발명은 유성기어를 이용한 전기화 수동변속기 기반 하이브리드 파워트레인 제어 방법에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 상세하게는, 유성기어를 이용하여 동력분배가 가능하며, 별도의 엔진 스타터 모터가 필요없고, 충격없이 엔진시동이 가능한, 유성기어를 이용한 전기화 수동변속기 기반 하이브리드 파워트레인 제어 방법에 관한 것이다. 본 발명에 의하면, 유성기어를 적용한 전기화 수동변속기를 채택하고, 유성기어 적용시의 다양한 연결조합 중 최적의 구조를 선택하며, 엔진 시동시에 시동 충격없이 빠른 시간 내에 안정된 구동 모드로 운행되도록 하는, 유성기어를 이용한 전기화 수동변속기 기반 하이브리드 파워트레인 제어 방법을 제공한다. 또한 구동중의 토크 및 엔진 스피드 그래프에서 연료 소모가 적은 구간에서 재충전(recharge)이 많이 작동되도록 할 뿐 아니라, 많은 비율의 재충전이 동력분배를 통한 재충전 모드로 구동함으로써 유성기어의 유연한 사용에 의해 연비를 향상시키는, 유성기어를 이용한 전기화 수동변속기 기반 하이브리드 파워트레인 제어 방법을 제공한다