A Study on the Forwarding Charges Arising from the Carrier’s Insolvency and/or Financial Default Under Institute Cargo Clauses : Focusing on Hanjin Shipping Case

Since Hanjin Shipping Co., Ltd (“Hanjin”) filed for receivership in the Korean Court on 31 August 2016, Hanjin Vessels have been arrested at some ports by creditors and others such as port authorities and stevedores might follow. Due to those situations, Hanjin vessels could not have carried out her voyages, i.e. to avoid the arrest from the creditors they had brought up her ships to Busan Korea after leaving some ports and sailed to other ports which were not original designated ports in the schedule and had been drifting at outside sea of the ports: The contract of carriage was terminated at a port or place other than the destination named therein. Under the situation, the cargo owners had to forward their cargoes to original destination with paying some additional charges like unloading, warehousing, freight, and other forwarding charges to meet their buyer’s requirement date and/or to supply their seasonal goods on time and/or to avoid some damage or missing of their cargoes under a long time arrested situation. According to the Contract of Carriage, Hanjin would liable for their breach and/or tort liability of carriage contract to cargo owners but the claim against Hanjin would be uneconomical and some difficulty cases because of bankruptcy of Hanjin as expected. However, marine cargo insurance which has been purchased by cargo owner under the terms and conditions of international trade practices or regulations sometimes would cover those forwarding charges and sometimes would not cover it. It has been used two types of marine cargo insurance in Korean insurance market, one is so-called ”new policy” which has been made in 1982, the other is so-called “old policy” which has been revised in 1963 by Institute of London Underwriters. i. e. the former is ICC(1982) and the latter is ICC(1963). Meanwhile, under ICC(1982) it is very clear that cargo underwriter would not be liable for the forwarding charge arising from insolvency or financial default of the owners, managers, charterers or operators of the vessel but under ICC(1963) there has been lots of dispute about whether to cover it or not. This study would analyses all relevant articles/clauses of two cargo policies, esp. so-called “old policy” of which has been disputing about whether to cover or not, for the past long time, including SG Policy, Marine Insurance Act(1906) and all precedents/cases. And further, this study would comments on whether cargo underwriter would liable for the forwarding charges paid by cargo owner or not and suggest some solutions for bona-fide cargo owners.제1장 서론 제1절 연구의 배경과 목적 1 제2절 연구의 내용과 방법 4 제2장 한진해운 사례에서의 화주의 피해 현황 제1절 한진해운 법정관리 신청시 각국의 항만현황 5 제2절 화주의 피해현황 요약 6 제3장 적하보험에서의 비용손해 제1절 적하보험의 필요성 및 특성 8 제2절 현재 업계에서의 신·구약관 사용현황 9 제3절 적하보험에서의 비용손해와 계반비용 10 1. 적하보험에서의 비용(Charges)손해 10 2. 손해방지비용(Sue & Labour Charges) 11 3. 특별비용(Particular charges) 13 4. 계반비용(Forwarding Charges) 14 제4장 협회적하보험약관에서의 계반비용 보상여부 제1절 협회적하보험약관 19 제2절 신협회적하보험약관(신약관, 1982)에서의 계반비용 보상여부 20 제3절 구협회적하보험약관(구약관, 1963)서의 계반비용 보상여부 24 1. 운송인의 운송중단에 따른 계반시 적하보험의 계속 담보여부 24 2. 구약관(1963)서의 계반비용 보상여부 27 제 5 장 결론Maste

Vision Inspection System for Color Defect Detection in Flat Panel Displays

비전 검사를 이용한 디스플레이 불량 검출 방법 및 시스템이 개시된다. 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 디스플레이 불량 검출 방법은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 디스플레이 불량 검출 방법은 디스플레이의 색 신호를 색 공간의 색 좌표 값으로 변환하는 단계; 상기 변환된 색 좌표 값을 미리 결정된 이미지 외양 모델(image appearance model)의 색 벡터로 맵핑하는 단계; 및 상기 맵핑된 색 벡터와 미리 결정된 기준 디스플레이의 기준 색 벡터 간의 차이에 기초하여 상기 디스플레이의 불량 여부를 검출하는 단계를 포함한다

학습 효과를 고려한 비김 분석

학위논문(석사) - 한국과학기술원 : 산업공학과, 1988.2, [ iii, 46 p. ]Break-even analysis is a simple and powerful method in financial analysis. But its use is limited to short-term analysis. In this thesis, we try to overcome this weakness by considering following factors, namely, time value of money, learning effect, depreciation, tax, and capital gains. Also, using Towill``s time-constant model, we describe the real world``s production state and suggest a model which has a dynamic break-even quantity per period. Finally, we consider the effect of inflation in break-even analysis and obtain the result that inflation is not neutral and can not be disregarded in break-even analysis.한국과학기술원 : 산업공학과

Difference in suitable mechanical properties of three-dimensional, synthetic scaffolds for self-renewing mouse embryonic stem cells of different genetic backgrounds

We evaluated whether the genetic background of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) affects the properties suitable for three-dimensional (3D) synthetic scaffolds for cell self-renewal. Inbred R1 and hybrid B6D2F1 mouse ESC lines were cultured for 7 days in hydrogel scaffolds with different properties derived from conjugating 7.5, 10, 12.5, or 15% (wt/vol) vinylsulfone-functionalized three-, four-, or eight-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) with dicysteine-containing crosslinkers with an intervening matrix metalloproteinase-specific cleavage sites. Cell proliferation and expression of self-renewal-related genes and proteins by ESCs cultured in feeder-free or containing 2D culture plate or 3D hydrogel were monitored. As a preliminary experiment, the E14 ESC-customized synthetic 3D microenvironment did not maintain self-renewal of either the R1 or B6D2F1 ESCs. The best R1 cell proliferation (10.04 vs. 0.16-4.39; p<0.0001) was observed in the four-arm 7.5% PEG-based hydrogels than those with other properties, whereas the F1 ESCs showed better proliferation when they were embedded in the three-arm 10% hydrogels. Self-renewal-related gene and protein expression by ESCs after feeder-free 3D culture was generally maintained compared with the feeder-containing 2D culture, but expression patterns and quantities differed. However, the feeder-free 3D culture yielded better expression than the feeder-free 2D culture. In conclusion, genetic background determined the suitability of hydrogel scaffolds for self-renewal of ESCs, which requires customization for the mechanical properties of each cell line. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.OAIID:RECH_ACHV_DSTSH_NO:T201612791RECH_ACHV_FG:RR00200001ADJUST_YN:EMP_ID:A074417CITE_RATE:3.373FILENAME:Lee_et_al-2016-Journal_of_Biomedical_Materials_Research_Part_B-_Applied_Biomaterials (1).pdfDEPT_NM:농생명공학부EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:YFILEURL:https://srnd.snu.ac.kr/eXrepEIR/fws/file/a4d91545-7e50-4ff9-a8f4-715a0c8b9d6f/linkN