食肉 蛋白質의 酵素 分解物에서 生體 調節 機能 펩타이드의 分離 및 機能 究明

Thesis(doctoral)--서울대학교 대학원 :농생명공학부 동물성식품학전공,2004.Docto

Quality characteristics of pork patties containing silkworm powder and vegetable worm (Paecilomyces Japonica) during cold storage

This study was performed to evaluate the quality change of pork patties containing silkworm powder and vegetable worm stored for 9 days at 5 degrees C. pH values were higher in treatment groups than that in controls by storage 6. L (lightness) and a (redness) value were decreased with increasing, addition of silkworm powder and vegetable worm powder in pork patties (p<0.05). However, b value (yellowness) was increased with increasing addition amounts of the silk-worm powder and the vegetable worm powder (p<0.05). Water holding capacity (WHC) of pork patties was not affected by the silkworm powder and the vegetable worm powder, while pork patties containing 0.4% silkworm powder (T2) showed low cooking loss (p<0.05). Pork patties containing either silkworm powder and vegetable worm alone or a combination of them showed lower lipid oxidation value than that of control (p<0.05). Sensory preference of pork patties was decreased with increased of storage days. The overall acceptance was higher in treatment groups than at Control groups at the initial day (p<0.05). yet no significant difference was found during storage. From these results, 0.4% silkworm powder decreased not only cooking loss but also lipid oxidation of pork patties. Also, no adverse effect was found in water holding capacity (WHC) and sensory preference of pork patties. Therefore, the silkworm powder and the vegetable worm powder could be useful to pork meat product industry as additives.N

Optimum Conditions for the Separation of Lecithin, from Egg Yolk by Response Surface Methodology

The optimum conditions for the extraction of lecithin from egg yolk were determined using response surface methodology (RSM). On the basis of the results of preliminary experiments, the most effective values were selected. The effects of three independent variables, dilution ratio. solvent composition, and extraction temperature on the response of crude egg lecithin (2) were then determined. The optimum conditions for egg lecithin separation obtained using ridge analysis were 6.51, 95.83%, and 40.2 degrees C for the dilution ratio, solvent composition, and extraction temperature, respectively. Using the optimum conditions, 55.04% of crude lecithin in total phospholipid can be obtained from 100 g liquid egg yolk. The experimental values (56.21 % crude lecithin in total phospholipid) agreed with the predicted values.Y

Effect of marination with mixed salt and Kiwi juice and cooking methods on the quality of pork loin-based processed meat product

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of marination with mixed salt (NaCl, CaCl2, and phosphate) and kiwi juice and of different cooking methods for pork loin-based products in order to establish the basic database for increasing the consumption of pork loin in Korea. Diced chilled pork loin (2 × 2 × 2 cm) was marinated in 4 different treatments: no additives (T1), salt mix only (T2), kiwi juice only (T3), and salt mix + kiwi juice (T4). The mixed salt was prepared by the addition of NaCl, CaCl2, and phosphate dissolved in water (10% of pork loin weight) at concentrations of 0.5, 0.5, and 0.3% per pork loin weight, respectively. The amount of kiwi juice was 10% of pork loin weight. After marination for 24 hrs at 4°C, the samples were cooked with different methods including roasting with Kimchi, pan broiling, and simmering. After simmering, pH of pork loin of T1 and T2 was higher than that of T3 and T4 (p<0.05), while that of roasted with Kimchi and pan broiled did not show any difference. Water holding capacity of T4 after pan broiling was higher than that of T1, T2, and T3 (p<0.001) and shear force of T4 was lower than other treatments. Also flavor and acceptability of T4 after pan broiling were scored higher by 11 sensory panelists (p<0.05). From this result, the pork loin-based products marinated with mixed salt and kiwi juice with pan broiling would be preferred by consumers as one of the methods to promote the consumption of pork loin in Korea. 돼지고기 등심에 혼합염(NaCl, CaCl2 및 인산염 각각 육중량 대비 0.5, 0.5 및 0.3%(w/w))과 키위즙(육 중량 대비 10%(v/w))을 넣지 않은 것을 T1, 혼합염만 넣은 것을 T2, 키위즙만 첨가한 처리구를 T3, 키위즙 및 혼합염을 모두 첨가한 처리구를 T4로 하고, 이때 혼합염은 육중량의 10%(v/w)의 물에 용해시켜 사용하였다. 냉장 상태로 24시간 동안 각 처리구별로 침지한 돈육 등심을 조리조건 형태별로 품질특성을 비교하였다. 김치볶음 형태의 돈육 등심의 pH는 5.60 내외로 조리 방법 간에 가장 낮은 값을 보였으며 pan broiling은 돈육 등심의 pH가 6.02～6.16으로 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. Simmering의 경우 키위즙을 첨가한 돈육의 pH가 가장 낮은 수준을 보였다(p＜0.05). 전단력에 있어서 김치볶음의 경우, 무 처리구와 비교시 혼합염과 키위즙이 첨가된 처리구에서 낮은 전단력을 보여 연도가 개선됨을 나타내었다(p＜0.01). Pan broiling한 경우 무처리구가 가장 높았고, 혼합염과 키위즙이 첨가된 처리구가 가장 낮은 수준을 보였다(p＞0.05). Simmering의 경우 혼합염을 첨가하였을 때(p＜0.001) 낮은 전단력을 보였다. 보수력은 김치볶음 형태와 simmering 처리군의 보수력이 무처리군보다 낮아서 첨가된 김치와 양념혼합물 또는 볶음 방법이 혼합염과 키위즙의 돈육 품질 증진 효과를 억제한 것으로 나타났다 (p＜0.001). 또한 pan broiling한 돈육 등심은 키위즙과 혼합염을 처리한 처리구에서 가장 높은 보수력을 나타내었다. 관능적 특성은 김치볶음 형태로 조리한 등심의 경우, 냄새에서만 높은 점수를 보였는데 이는 첨가된 김치와 양념에 의한 것으로 판단된다(p＜0.001). Pan broiling 방법으로 조리한 등심은 풍미와 기호성에서 유의적인 차이를 보였는데(p＜0.05, p＜0.01), 혼합염과 키위즙 처리구(T4)가 가장 좋은 점수를 얻은 것으로 평가되었다. Simmering의 방법으로 조리한 등심의 척도묘사 분석결과 냄새, 풍미는 T3에서, 다즙성은 T4가 높은 것으로 평가되었다. 한편 종합적 기호성에는 T4가 가장 높은 점수를 얻었는데, 이는 simmering 방법의 경우 종합적 기호성은 냄새, 풍미보다는 입에서 느껴지는 식감에 의해 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구 결과 비선호 부위인 돈육 등심의 조리 식품 등으로의 원료육 활용 등 이용 증진을 위해 김치볶음 형태의 조리법에서는 돈육 등심에 10% 키위즙만 첨가하고(T3), pan broiling 방법과 simmering 방법의(p＞0.05) 경우는 혼합염과 키위즙을 함께 첨가하여(T4) 이용하는 것이 가장 높은 기호도를 보이는 것으로 판단되었다.N

Antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of medicinal herb extract mix in pork patties during cold storage

본 연구는 한약재 추출물의 첨가가 돈육 패티의 이화학적, 미생물학적 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 하였다. 약리 한약재인 상엽(Morus alba L.), 금은화(Lonicera flos), 황련(Coptis chinensis)를 48.5:48.5:3.0의 비율로 혼합하여 사용하였으며 대조구는 한약재 추출물을 무첨가, 처리구는 혼합 한약재 추출물을 0.5, 1 및 2%의 수준으로 첨가하여 제조하였다. 제조된 돈육 패티는 냉장온도(4oC)에서 10일간 저장하면서 일반 성분, pH, 표면색도, 미생물검사, 총 페놀함량, ABTS+ radical 소거활성, 관능적 특성을 조사하였다. 일반성분 중 조회분은 대조구보다 2% 첨가구가 높았고 조지방은 대조구보다 모든 처리구에서 높게 나타났으며 pH는 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 대조구보다 처리구에서 높게 나타났다. 표면색도는 저장기간 동안 L(명도)값과 a(적색도)값이 대조구보다 혼합 한약재 추출물을 첨가한 처리구에서 낮게 나타났으며 총균수는 혼합 한약재 추출물을 1% 이상 첨가시에 무첨가한 대조구보다 약 1 log 수준의 총균수의 감소를 보였다. 총 페놀함량은 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 처리구에서 높은 페놀함량이 나타났으며 10일째에 2% 첨가구가 약 25 ppm을 함유하였다. ABTS+ radical 소거활성은 혼합 한약재 추출물 첨가 비율이 높은 처리구일수록 소거능력이 증가하였고 저장기간 10일째에 2% 첨가구가 높은 소거활성을 보였다. 관능적 특성은 0일차의 색은 대조구보다 처리구가 낮게 나타났으며 5일차에서 색은 2% 첨가구가 가장 낮게 나타났고 육즙삼출도는 5일, 10일째에 2% 첨가구가 가장 낮았으며 종합적 기호도는 대조구와 처리구가 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 돈육 패티 제조 시에 혼합 한약재 추출물을 첨가하는 것이 항산화성, 항균성, 관능적 품질의 개선에 효과적인 방법이라 사료되며 다만 관능적 특성을 고려하여 그 첨가량을 조정할 필요가 있다고 판단된다. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of pork patties supplemented with medicinal herb extract mix were investigated. The medicinal herb extract powder was mixed at a ratio of 48.5:48.5:3.0 for Morus alba L, Lonicera flos, and Coptis chinensis, respectively. The pork was prepared and supplemented with medicinal herb extract mix (0, 0.5, 1, or 2%) and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were tested during storage at 4 degrees C. The pH value decreased during cold storage at 4 degrees C for allsamples, however the pH of samples supplemented with herb extract mix rapidly decreased by days 5 and 10 (p <= 0.05). The total phenol content in the pork patties with herb extract mix was higher than in the control patties. The ABTS+ radical scavenging activities increased with increasing concentrations of herb extract mix from 0.5% to 2%. In addition, pork patties supplemented with herb extract mix showed an approximately 1 decimal reduction in total aerobic counts. Therefore, the addition of herb extract mix into pork patties increased the antioxidant activity and slightly improved the antimicrobial activity of pork patties during cold storage. However, the levels of added medicinal herb extract mix should be considered prior to its use in order to maintain proper sensory acceptance.Y

Reduction of the antigenicity of powdered milk by gamma irradiation

The aim of this work was to examine the reduction in antigenicity of milk proteins in powdered milk by gamma irradiation which is increasingly used for food safety. Skim milk powder samples were exposed to irradiation doses of 1, 5, and 10 kGy. A greater reduction of alpha(S1)-casein and beta(A1)-casein was found than alpha(S0)-casein and beta(A2)-casein by capillary electrophoresis. Competitive indirect ELISA and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis tests using guinea pigs showed a reduction in antigenicity of powdered milk by 10 kGy gamma irradiation. These results indicated that gamma irradiation reduce allergenicity of milk proteins by structural changes of alpha(S1)-casein and beta(A1)-casein, and can be useful for dairy products.Y