Clinical Results of Cataract Surgery Using the ARTIS® PL E Intraocular Lens

Purpose To compare the clinical outcomes of cataract surgery using the ARTIS® PL E (Cristalens Industrie, Lannion, France) intraocular lens (IOL) and conventional Tecnis® ZCB00 (Johnson & Johnson Vision, Santa Ana, CA, USA) IOL. Methods This retrospective study examined patients who underwent in-the-bag implantation of either an ARTIS® PL E (33 eyes, group A) or Tecnis® ZCB00 (45 eyes, group B) IOL after phacoemulsification performed by a single surgeon. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical equivalent, and higher-order aberrations (HOA) were measured 1 and 3 months after cataract surgery. Results Preoperative BCVA did not differ significantly in groups A and B. Postoperative BCVA at 1 and 3 months improved significantly (p < 0.001) in both groups compared to preoperative baseline BCVA. At 1 and 3 months postoperatively, total HOA, spherical aberration, and coma were significantly lower compared to the preoperative baseline HOA (p < 0.05) in both groups. However, there were no significant differences in the trefoil values 1 and 3 months postoperatively compared to the preoperative baseline in both groups. The absolute refractive error 3 months postoperatively was 0.27 ± 0.20 (group A) and 0.28 ± 0.20 (group B), both within ± 0.50 diopters of the targeted goal diopter; there were no significant differences in the accuracy or predictability of the IOL power calculation in both groups (p = 0.390, p = 0.959). The absolute refractive error 1 and 3 months postoperatively did not differ significantly; there were no significant differences in the stability of both IOLs (p = 0.482, p = 0.372). Conclusions Conventional cataract surgery using the ARTIS® PL E IOL significantly increased the BCVA, while obtaining comparable clinical results to the verified Tecnis® ZCB00 IOL in postoperative visual acuity and HOA.ope

The Effects of Two Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Bromfenac 0.1% and Ketorolac 0.45%, on Cataract Surgery

PURPOSE: To compare the additive effects of two types of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), bromfenac 0.1% or ketorolac 0.45%, relative to topical steroid alone in cataract surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total 91 subjects scheduled to undergo cataract operation were randomized into three groups: Group 1, pre/postoperative bromfenac 0.1%; Group 2, pre/postoperative preservative-free ketorolac 0.45%; and Group 3, postoperative steroid only, as a control. Outcome measures included intraoperative change in pupil size, postoperative anterior chamber inflammation control, change in macular thickness and volume, and ocular surface status after operation. RESULTS: Both NSAID groups had smaller intraoperative pupil diameter changes compared to the control group (p<0.05). There was significantly less ocular inflammation 1 week and 1 month postoperatively in both NSAID groups than the control group. The changes in central foveal subfield thickness measured before the operation and at postoperative 1 month were 4.30±4.25, 4.87±6.03, and 12.47±12.24 μm in groups 1 to 3, respectively. In the control group, macular thickness and volume increased more in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), compared to those without DM. In contrast, in both NSAID groups, NSAIDs significantly reduced macular changes in subgroups of patients with or without DM. Although three ocular surface parameters were worse in group 1 than in group 2, these differences were not significant. CONCLUSION: Adding preoperative and postoperative bromfenac 0.1% or ketorolac 0.45% to topical steroid can reduce intraoperative miosis, postoperative inflammation, and macular changes more effectively than postoperative steroid alone.ope

Changes in ocular surface and Meibomian gland after penetrating Keratoplasty

Background: To acquire desirable outcomes of penetrating keratoplasty (PKP), various factors affecting graft survival, visual function, and subjective symptom should be considered. As ocular surface and meibomian gland function are associated with these factors, this study aims to investigate changes of ocular surface and meibomian gland parameters after PKP. Methods: This retrospective case series study included 24 eyes of 24 patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty. Examinations on lipid layer thickness (LLT), meiboscore, tear meniscus area (TMA), tear breakup time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), Schirmer I test (SIT), Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), and meibomian gland functions were performed before and at 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery. Results: Compared to baseline (2.9 ± 0.6 s), TBUTs were longer at 1 week (4.4 ± 0.5 s, P = 0.027) and 6 months (4.4 ± 0.5, P = 0.048) after surgery. CFS values improved from baseline (6.5 ± 1.1) to 6 months (3.5 ± 0.6, P = 0.023) and 12 months (3.3 ± 0.7, P = 0.001) after surgery. Meibum quality value worsened at 1 week and 12 months after surgery and meibomian gland expressibility value worsened at 1 week and 6 months after surgery compared to baseline. OSDI scores improved at 6 and 12 months after surgery. Meiboscore showed no change throughout the follow up period. The patients with high preoperative meiboscore had worse meibomian gland expressibility at 6 and 12 months and meibum quality at 6 months postoperatively compared to their baseline and to those of patients with low preoperative meiboscore. Conclusions: After penetrating keratoplasty, ocular surface parameters including corneal staining, TBUT, and OSDI significantly improved whereas meibomian gland parameters showed deteriorations, which was marked in patients with high preoperative meiboscore. Thus, perioperative management of MGD is recommended for patients who undergo penetrating keratoplasty, especially in patients with advanced MGD.ope

Pigment epithelial tears after ranibizumab injection in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and typical age-related macular degeneration

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to compare the rates and characteristics of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) tears between typical exudative age-related macular degeneration (tAMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) after injection of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR). METHODS: In total, 836 eyes from 784 patients with exudative AMD treated with IVR were analyzed. The presence, type, size, and height of pigment epithelial detachment (PED) in OCT before injection were evaluated, and the occurrence rate of RPE tears within three months of injection between tAMD and PCV was compared. RESULTS: In total, 515 eyes (61.6 %) had tAMD and 321 eyes (38.4 %) were diagnosed as PCV. RPE tears developed in 18 eyes (3.5 %) in the tAMD group, while only two eyes (0.62 %) were associated with PCV (p = 0.009, Chi-square test). Eleven of the eighteen eyes with RPE tears in tAMD had fibrovascular PED with contractile neovascular tissue under the surface of the RPE and a cleft at baseline. Two eyes with RPE tears in PCV showed large hemorrhagic PED before presenting with an RPE tear. CONCLUSIONS: RPE tears after IVR were significantly less common in PCV than in tAMD. The different characteristics of RPE tears between the two disease entities suggest differences in the pathogenesis underlying the event.restrictio

METHOD AND APPRATUS FOR WIFI OFFLOADING USING WIFI NETWORK IN A CELLULAR AND WIFI OVERLAY NETWORK AND DEVICE ENABLING THE METHOD

무선랜 망을 이용한 셀룰러 부하 분산 방법 및 장치 및 이를 이용한 단말이 개시된다. 무선랜 망을 이용한 셀룰러 부하 분산 방법은 셀룰러 망 및 무선랜 망을 포함하는 공존 망의 망 정보를 수집하는 단계; 상기 망 정보를 기초로 상기 무선랜 망에 접속 가능한 사용자 그룹에 속한 적어도 하나의 단말에 대응하는 무선랜 망으로의 부하 분산 비율－상기 무선랜 망으로의 부하 분산 비율은 상기 셀룰러 망 및 상기 무선랜 망이 공존하는 공존망 환경 내에서 하나의 트래픽이 상기 무선랜 망으로 전송될 확률을 나타냄－을 계산하는 단계; 및 상기 무선랜 망에 접속 가능한 사용자 그룹에 속한 적어도 하나의 단말에게 상기 무선랜 망으로의 부하 분산 비율을 제공하는 단계를 포함할 수 있다

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PAGING IN HETEROGENEOUS NETWORK ENVIRONMENTS

이종망 환경에서의 페이징 방법 및 이동통신 시스템이 개시된다. 이동통신 시스템은, 단말의 위치 정보와 함께, 상기 단말의 셀룰러 모드(cellular mode)에 대한 전원 상태 및 상기 단말과 접속 상태에 있는 이종망 정보를 등록하는 위치 등록기(location register); 및 상기 단말에 대한 페이징(paging) 요청 시 상기 셀룰러 모드에 대한 전원 상태 및 상기 이종망 정보를 이용하여 상기 단말이 위치한 셀룰러 기지국 또는 이종망을 통해 상기 단말에 대한 페이징을 수행하는 이동교환국(mobile switching center)을 포함할 수 있다

Decentration measurements using Placido corneal tangential curvature topography and Scheimpflug tomography pachymetry difference maps after small-incision lenticule extraction

PURPOSE: To assess the agreement of decentration measurements between tangential curvature topography and tomography pachymetry difference maps after a small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) procedure. SETTING: Yonsei University College of Medicine and Eyereum Eye Clinic, Seoul, South Korea. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: Decentrations and pupillary offset (angle κ) were analyzed and compared using two different methods. A difference map of the tangential curvature was generated with a Placido corneal topographer (Keratron Scout) and a pachymetry difference map was generated with a Scheimpflug tomographer (Pentacam) for each eye, using preoperative and 3-month postoperative scans. Decentrations were also compared using a vector difference plot for the two maps. RESULTS: The study comprised 155 eyes (155 patients). The magnitude of decentration was 0.27 mm ± 0.17 (SD) (range 0.02 to 0.88 mm) with the tangential curvature difference maps and 0.26 ± 0.20 mm (range 0.00 to 0.91 mm) with the pachymetry difference maps, showing no significant difference in the arithmetic values of decentration (P = .124). However, the vector difference in pupillary offset between preoperative and postoperative measurements from the pachymetry difference map significantly correlated with the magnitude of vector differences of decentration between the two maps (P = .007). The vector difference plot also showed a wide distribution spread to all 4 quadrants, demonstrating a lack of agreement. CONCLUSIONS: Although there was no significant difference between the scalar magnitude of decentration with the tangential topography difference maps and tomography pachymetry difference maps, the vector differences did not agree and increasing error was present with increasing differences in pupillary offset in the pachymetry difference maps.restrictio

METHOD OF OPERATING TERMINALS AND ACCESS POINT TO MAXIMIZE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK

무선 로컬 영역 네트워크의 에너지 효율을 극대화하는 단말 및 액세스 포인트의 동작 방법이 개시된다. 본 발명은 적어도 무선 로컬 영역 네트워크에서 액세스 포인트와 통신하는 단말 외 나머지 단말들의 에너지 소모량을 고려하여 전송 전력과 전송 모드를 결정함으로써 무선 로컬 영역 네트워크 전체의 에너지 효율을 극대화 하는 기술을 제공한다