Extensive Reading Integrated with Intensive Reading

☞ 이 논문은 저자가 원문공개에 동의하지 않은 논문으로, 도서관 내에서만 열람이 가능하며, 인쇄 및 저장은 불가합니다.1. Introduction The purpose of this textbook is to help students to improve their English language skills through extensive reading (ER) and intensive reading (IR). ER is the main approach for this textbook; but, IR is also integrated into this textbook in order to provide a balanced approach to developing the four language skills. One of the most important discoveries that I have made from my graduate courses in the MA TESOL program is the true value of reading and its benefits for language learners. Most students in Korea focus on improving their English language skills; however, they do not have many opportunities to read extensively due to the heavy burden of exam preparations. Thus, students need an opportunity to discover the joy of reading for pleasure through ER. Since ER is a relatively an unfamiliar approach in most Korean English learning contexts, this textbook is designed to guide the students by introducing appropriate reading materials and helping them to increase their motivation and interest in reading the books. The books are graded readers of classic literature, and they have been selected according to the students’ proficiency level as well as their interests. The target learners are 12 first and second-year middle school students of mixed gender, whose ages range from 14 to 15 years old. Their proficiency level is intermediate-low, according to the ACTFL. Classes will take place in an after-school English program at a middle school. This set of textbook consists of 10 remarkable stories from classic literature. Galda & Cullinan (2002) claim that literature enables young people to explore and understand their world and enriches their lives and widens their horizons. Learning from classics will teach young learners to discover themselves as well as the world around them, helping them to develop a crticial perspective toward the society in which they live. 2. Method and Rationale The primary method adapted for this textbook is ER; however, IR methods are slightly included as well. IR studies have shown that ER is beneficial for helping students to develop their speaking, listening, and writing language skills (Maley, 2005). Moreover, the goal of ER is to help students to become fluent, independent, and confident readers (Day & Bamford,1998). As such, adapting ER as an alternative approach to teaching English has become an important component in the foreign language curriculum. The activities in this textbook mostly focus on the development of productive skills, such as speaking and writing. There are also listening activities with short video clips and songs in the warm-up stage in order activate the students’ background knowledge before starting the main activities. Short excerpts from the books are also included in the textbook in order help the students to understand the important events in the story. Students will also learn to use effective reading strategies such as skimming, scanning, making inferences and finding the cause and effect in order to develop effective reading comprehension skills. Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is a language teaching method in which learners are encouraged to engage in authentic communicative interaction in the target language (Nunan, 1991). Students will read a book before each lesson and practice speaking and writing with different types of activities from the textbook; these activities will help the students to continue reading for pleasure outside of the classroom while at the same time improving their productive skills. In addition, this textbook integrates Task-Based activities. Richards, Platt & Weber (1986) note that a task is an activity or an action which is carried out as a result of processing or understanding the language. Using task-based activities will help the students to learn English as they use the language in meaningful contexts and complete the task goals through interaction. This textbook has a total of 10 units and there are two chapters in each unit. All of the chapters follow a pre-, while-, and post-stage, and each stage has its own goals and objectives; these goals and objectives include a variety of activities such as activating the learner’s background knowledge, making predictions and inferencing, learning about the author’s background in order to aid overall understanding of the author’s purpose and intended message, developing speaking skills through information gap activities, getting to know classmates through games, improving writing skills by summarizing and personalizing the story by integrating their own stories into the main story. Krashen (1989) explains that comprehensible input is an essential component for ER, providing meaningful input through natural encounters with the text. In order to provide comprehensible input for the target learners, graded readers appropriate for the students’ reading level have been selected. 3. Expected Outcomes First of all, reading English books and learning with this textbook will ultimately guide the learners to enjoy reading English books; furthermore, students will continue to read and develop a habit of reading for pleasure. As a result, students will not only obtain positive results in their studies, but they will improve in even in other subjects as well. Secondly, the target students will improve their productive skills in English. They will be more confident in producing output as they engage in pairwork, groupwork, and presentations. Finally, they will be able to gain insights and knowledge about classic literature and learn to think critically from the stories. 4. Conclusion This textbook is designed to help students to develop an interest in reading and to motivate them to learn English through ER and IR. The target students will have a lot of opportunities to practice the target language as they work with CLT and task-based activities. In sum, the students will broaden their concept of learning and improve their English competence by reading a lot of books in English, which in turn will help them to develop other skills such as critical thinking abilities.A. Plan 1 B. Outline 6 C. Textbook 9 D. Teacher’s Manual 48 References 66석080

MEMS 기술을 이용한 전송선 및 튜너에 대한 연구

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :전기.컴퓨터공학부,2001.Maste

Near Infrared Luminescent Nanoparticles for Bioimaging

DoctorHigh-quality fluorescence imaging of molecules for in vivo clinical and preclinical application has improved with the development of novel near infrared (NIR) luminescent probes. The first near-infrared (NIR-I) window at wavelengths between 700 and 900 nm can guarantee the deep light penetration and minimal autofluorescence. Quantum dots (QDs) are a well-suited nano-emitter that can be bright and easily multiplexed at the NIR window. Lanthanide doped nanoparticles (La NPs) can also have the emissions at the NIR window via upconversion process. A new multiplexed NIR in vivo Imaging is showcased by complementarily using QDs and La NPs. In addition to the QD multiplexing, ‘temporal’ multiplexing is implemented by alternating the excitation wavelengths and unmixing the QD and La NP emissions. The multiplexed imaging is successfully obtained for cellular labeling and cellular trafficking in small animal models. CdTeSe QDs and NaYF4:20%Yb3+, 2%Tm3+ La NPs are used for the multiplexed imaging, and extensively characterized including the extinction coefficients. Despite of the notable discrepancy in the emission mechanisms, QDs and La NPs can be successfully co-used for multiplexed imaging with both agents in comparable concentrations. High-resolution fluorescence imaging of molecules intrinsically involved in cancer progression and metastasis would be valuable for early detection and staging of tumors. Combining the advantageous features of the second infrared (NIR-II, 1000-1400 nm) window than NIR-I window for minimal light interference from biological tissues and the design of fluorescence activation for sensitive detection of biological event, NIR-II activatable probe sensitive for cancer microenvironment, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) was developed. At first, lead sulfide-based multishell QD structure, PbS/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell QDs, was synthesized for highly luminescent NIR-II emitting probe for biological application instead of conventional single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNs) of low photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) of ~0.1 %. PbS/CdS/ZnS QD, which consisted of thick CdS and thin ZnS inorganic shell, showcased enhanced PL QY of ~10%, and resistance to photobleaching than PbS/CdS QDs, with compact hydrodynamic size of ~10 nm and colloidal stability in aqueous phase. The fluorescence modulation of PbS/CdS/ZnS QDs was enabled by photo-induced electron transfer from QD to methylene blue (MB) in the close proximity. For activatable probe, protease-cleavable peptide sequence, specific to MMP as cancer-related enzyme family, linked PbS/CdS/ZnS QD with fluorescence quencher of MB via covalent crosslinking. The structure of peptide sequence was modified and optimized for efficient activatable probe in the points of charged state and enzyme accessibility. Finally, ex vivo fluoresence imaging with spraying NIR-II activatable probe onto colon cancer model verified the time-dependent tumor-specific signal amplification of activatable probe

Multiplexed Near-Infrared Imaging using Quantum Dots and Upconverting Luminescent Lanthanide-doped Nanoparticles

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Quantum dot imaging depth and activatable quantum dot cancer probes in the near-infrared second optical window

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An integrated CMOS DC-DC converter and controller for battery-operated systems

학위논문(석사) - 한국과학기술원 : 전기및전자공학과, 1998.2, [ 92 p. ]대량 생산되는 배터리 구동용 제품들은 배터리 수명을 길게 하기 위해 작고, 저전압, 저전력, 고효율의 직류-직류 변환기를 필요로 한다. 본 논문의 목적은 CMOS 스위치와 박막인덕터를 사용한 저전압용 직류-직류 변환기에 가장 적합한 설계에 관한 연구이다. CMOS 스위치 환경에서는 1~2MHz의 스위칭 주파수에서 스위칭 손실보다 도통손실이 더 크다. 따라서 효율을 높이기 위해서 도통손실을 줄여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 다이오드 대신 CMOS 스위치를 이용한 일정 주파수 PWM 컨버터가 사용되었다. 전체 손실을 줄이기 위해 가장 적합한 스위치 사이즈와 스위칭 주파수가 결정되어야 한다. 게이트 구동 버퍼 부분의 사이즈와 전력손실을 줄이기 위해 데이퍼링 팩터를 이용한다. 설계된 직류-직류 변환기는 3.5V~5V의 배터리 입력으로 1W~2W전력의 3V전압을 출력한다. 직류-직류 변환기와 제어회로의 동작은 0.8u CMOS 모델을 이용한 HSPICE 모의실험으로 검증하였다.한국과학기술원 : 전기및전자공학과

One step preparation of strongly luminescent and highly loaded CdSe quantum dot-silica films

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An experimental study on characteristics of pulsating combustor

학위논문(석사) - 한국과학기술원 : 기계공학과, 1985.2, [ vii, 53 p. ]한국과학기술원 : 기계공학과

A Study of the Sulfuration Process From Silver Nanocrystal to Silver Sulfide Nanostructure

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Development and Characterization of ActivatableNIR-II Fluorescent Probes for Sensitive in vivoTargeting of Enzymatic Activity

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