18 research outputs found
유기 분자를 이용한 리튬-산소 전지와 리튬-이온 전지의 양극│전해질 계면 개질 연구
학위논문(박사)--서울대학교 대학원 :공과대학 화학생물공학부(에너지환경 화학융합기술전공),2020. 2. 최장욱.현대 사회에서 전기 자동차 시장의 급작스런 성장과 초소형 휴대 전자 기기들의 출현으로 인하여 높은 에너지 밀도를 가지며 원자재 가격이 저렴하고 충방전 수명이 우수한 리튬 전지의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 높은 에너지 밀도를 가지고 있는 차세대 리튬 전지의 충방전 수명을 향상 시키기 위해서는 전해질과 양극 간 계명 제어를 통해 부반응을 막는 것이 필수적이다.
제 2장에서는 리튬-산소에서 가장 큰 이슈인 충전과전압을 감소시키기 위한 방법으로 heme 구조의 촉매를 양극에 부착하였다. Heme 구조의 리간드를 azide와 thiocyanate로 변형시킴에 따라 Fe 활성점에서의 electrostatic potential이 달라지게 된다. 이에 lewis acidity가 다른 각각의 촉매를 이용하여 과산화리튬 분해 반응이 달라지는 것을 밀도범함수이론 (Density functional Theory)로 계산하였고 lewis acidity 와 충전과전압 감소 및 수명 성능 향상의 관계를 제시하였다.
제 3장에서는 high-Ni NCM 의 충방전 사이클 중 구조적 불안정성을 해결하기 위한 방안으로 pyrazine-linked covalent organic framework (Pyr-2D) 을 high-Ni NCM 의 표면에 코팅하였다. Pyr-2D 는 이온 및 전자 전도도가 있고 매우 얇은 코팅층을 형성 할 수 있어 무기물로 이루어진 기존 코팅 방법에 비해 이점이 있다. 더욱이 Pyr-2D 를 합성하는 과정에서 NCM 표면에 형성된 preformed TM mixed layer는 Pyr-2D와 더불어 충방전 중에 전이금속 혼합이 일어나는 것을 방지해주는 역할을 하여 충방전 사이클 수명 향상 및 율속 특성 향상에 영향을 줄 수 있다는 것을 밝혔다.
본 연구는 리튬 배터리의 전해질/양극 계면 제어를 위한 촉매 개발과 표면 개질 방법의 논리적 접근 방향을 제시하고 충방전 수명 특성 향상에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 향후 전해질/양극 계면 제어 연구의 발전에 기여 할 것이라고 기대한다.The rapidly increasing usage of portable electronic devices and electric vehicles have consistently demanded high energy density batteries. While commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are consisted of layered oxide cathode materials, LiCoO2, the low specific capacity (145 mAh g−1) and scarcity of cobalt reserves have arisen the investigations on alternative cathode materials such as oxygen and high-Ni LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCM).
The lithium-oxygen (Li−O2) batteries have been a promising high energy density battery system attributed to the high theoretical specific energy of 3458 W h kg−1. However, their low cycle life originated from the large overpotential has inhibited them from practical use. Especially, the sluggish charging process has derived the charging overpotential larger than that of discharge. Thus, various catalysts were applied to the cathode electrode to reduce facilitate charging of lithium-oxygen battery. In chapter 2, the ligand modified heme catalysts were applied to the cathode of Li−O2 battery to reduce the charging overpotential and enhance the cycle life. According to the applied ligands of heme structure, the lewis acidity at the Fe active sites varied and affected the electrochemical performance of the cells. Furthermore, the origin of the different catalytic activity among various ligands were revealed using density functional theory (DFT) along with each charging steps.
In addition, high-Ni NCM have attracted attentions owing to its high specific capacity of >200 mAh g−1 and comparably reasonable price of nickel. However, as the content of nickel becomes higher, the structural stability of the layered oxide decreases due to large volume change of the layer structure, transition metal (TM) mixing and TM dissolution. Thus, the surface engineering to protect the surface of the high-Ni NCM without disturbing the electronic/ionic conductivity is crucial in preventing the degradation of high-Ni NCM. In chapter 3, the pyrazine linked covalent organic frameworks (Pyr-2D) were coated on the high-Ni NCM. The Pyr-2D provides electronic/ionic conductive layer on the high-Ni NCM through its unique rigid and porous structure. Moreover, the preformed transition metal mixed layer combined with Pyr-2D showed improved cycle life and rate capability due to prevention of TM mixing and dissolution of transition metal during cycling.
This thesis on the cathode catalysts design (chapter 2) and surface modification of cathode materials (chapter 3) would provide logical designing strategies toward electrolyte/cathode interface engineering to enhance the charge/discharge cycle life of lithium batteries.Chapter 1. Introduction. 1
1.1 Lithium-Oxygen Battery. 1
1.2 High-Nickel Li[Ni,Co,Mn]O2 Battery. 3
1.3 CathodeElectrolyte Interface Engineering in Battery. 5
Chapter 2. Lewis Acidity Controlled Heme Catalyst for Lithium-Oxygen Battery. 6
2.1 Introduction. 6
2.2 Experimental. 8
2.2.1 Synthesis of Heme, Heme+NCS and Heme+N3 Catalysts 8
2.2.2 Nitroblue Tetrazolium (NBT) Reduction Test. 8
2.2.3 Characterization of Heme, Heme+NCS and Heme+N3. 9
2.2.4 LiO2 Battery Preparation and Electrochemical Measurements. 10
2.2.5 Computational Details . 10
2.3 Results and Discussion. 12
2.3.1 Characterization of Heme Catalysts. 12
2.3.2 Electrochemical Performance. 16
2.3.3 Density Functional Theory (DFT) Calculations. 30
2.4 Conclusion. 40
Chapter 3. Pyrazine-linked 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks as Coating Material for High-Nickel Layered Oxide Cathodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries. 41
3.1 Introduction. 41
3.2 Experimental. 44
3.2.1 Synthesis of the Materials. 44
3.2.2 Characterization of Materials. 44
3.2.3 Electrochemical Evaluation. 46
3.3 Results and Discussion. 47
3.3.1 Characterization of NCM811-Pyr-2D. 47
3.3.2 Electrochemical Performance. 59
3.3.3 Effect of Pyr-2D Coating. 68
3.4 Conclusion. 72
Chapter 4. Summary. 73
Bibliography. 74
Abstract in Korean. 91Docto
플로킹 및 동기화 모델들의 패스트-슬로우 역학계 이론
학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 수리과학부, 2013. 8. 하승열.이 논문에서는, 우리는 플로킹과 동기화 모델들에 대해 연구한다. 특히, 쿠라모토 모델, 관성이 있는 쿠라모토 모델, 쿠커-스매일 모델과 레일레이 마찰이 있는 뉴턴 타입 모델을 다룬다. 우리는 특이 극한에서의 역학계의 질적인 기술을 유도하기 위하여 알스테인- 케브리키디스-슬렘로드- 티티의 특이 섭동을 위한 통일된 접근범을 이용한다. 제 2장에서는 알스테인-케브 리키디스- 슬렘로드-티티의 특이 섭동 이론과 평면에서의 포앙카레-벤딕슨 이론을 제시한다. 제 3장에서는 비동등 쿠라모토 진동자의 앙상블로부터 유도된 위상 동기 상태의 점근적 형성을 논의한다. 위상 동기 상태의 형 성 과정에서, 우리는 진동자 사이의 진동 수와 횡단 위상 차의 하한-상한 을 추정한다. 제 4장에서, 우리는 관성이 있는 쿠라모토 타입 모델을 위 한 패스트-슬로우 역학 시스템을 제시한다. 우리의 새로운 형태에서, 순서 매개변수는 특이 섭동의 알스테인-케브리키디스-슬렘로드-티티의 이론의 체계에서 직각의 하측치로서의 역할을 한다. 제 5장에서 우리는 평면에서 의 입자모델(쿠커-스매일 모델과 레일레이 마찰이 있는 뉴턴 타입 모델)의 패스트- 슬로우 역학계를 논의한다. 우리의 분석은 의사소통 하중의 최소 한의 가정을 사용한다. 제 6장에서는 플로킹 모델과 관련된 수학적 문제를 간단히 제시하고 이 논문을 요약한다.In this thesis, we study about the flocking and synchronization models. In specially, we deal with Kuramoto model, Kuramoto model with inertia, Cucker-Smale type model and Newtonian type model with Rayleigh friction. We employ Artstein-Kevrekidis-Slemrod-Titis unified approach for the singular perturbation to derive a qualitative description of the dynamics in the singular limit. In chapter 2, we review AKSTs singular perturbation theory and planar Poincare-Bendixson theory. In chapter 3, we discuss the asymptotic formation of phase-locked states arising from the ensemble of non-identical Kuramoto oscillators. In the formation process of phase-locked states, we estimate the number of collisions between oscillators, and lower- upper bounds of the transversal phase differences. In chapter 4, we present a fast-slow dynamical systems theory for a Kuramoto type model with inertia. In our new formation, order parameters serve as orthogonal observables in the framework of AKSTs theory of singular perturbation. In chapter 5, we discuss fast-slow dynamic of planar particle models (Cucker-Smale type model and Newtonian type model with Rayleigh friction).Our analysis em- ploys minimal assumptions on the communication weight. In chapter 6, we briefly present a mathematical problems related by the flocking models and summary this thesis.Abstract i
1 Introduction 1
2 Preliminaries 5
2.1 Flocking and synchronization models 5
2.2 A fast-slow dynamical system 7
2.2.1 Invariant measures and Young measures 7
2.2.2 Review on AKSTs unified approach 9
2.2.3 Limit dynamics of a planar dynamical system 11
3 Asymptotic formation of phase-locked states for the Kuramoto oscillators 13
3.1 Definitions and Motivating problems 13
3.1.1 Dynamics of phase diameter in a stable regime 15
3.2 Formationofphase-locked states 18
3.2.1 Overview of our strategy 18
3.2.2 Basic apriori estimates 21
3.2.3 Convergence toward phase-locked states 25
3.3 Quantitative estimates toward the phase-locked states 27
3.3.1 Finiteness on the number of collisions 28
3.3.2 Estimate on the transversal phase differences 32
3.4 Numerical Simulations 35
3.4.1 Formation of phase-locked states 35
3.4.2 Estimate on the number of collisions 36
3.4.3 Estimate on the evolution of phase-differences 37
3.4.4 Transition and relaxation stages 38
4 Kuramoto oscillators with inertia 43
4.1 Derivation of fast-slow dynamics 43
4.2 Invariant measure for the fast system 47
4.2.1 Subcritical regime(Kr0>Ω) 48
4.2.2 Critical regime(Kr0=Ω) 49
4.2.3 Supercritical regime(Kr0<Ω) 49
4.3 Limit dynamics of order parameters 50
4.4 Numerical Simulations 54
4.4.1 Subcritical case 55
4.4.2 Critical case 56
4.4.3 Supercritical case 56
5 Planar particle models for flocking and swarming 59
5.1 A Cucker-Smale type model 59
5.2 A Newtonian model for swarms with Rayleigh friction 64
5.2.1 Description of model system 64
5.2.2 Classification of equilibria 68
5.2.3 Limit dynamics of the system (5.2.3) 69
5.3 Numerical Simulations 71
6 Conclusion and future project 74
7 Appendix 76
7.1 Appendix A 76
7.1.1 The proof of Proposition 3.2.1 76
7.1.2 The proof of Proposition 3.2.2 79
7.2 Appendix B 81
7.2.1 The proof of Lemma 3.3.1 81
7.2.2 The proof of Lemma 3.3.2 83
7.2.3 The proof of Proposition 3.3.1 85
7.3 Appendix C. Elementary estimates 88
Abstract (in Korean) 101Docto
A Study on the Hepatic Glucose Balance after Glucose Loading in Diabetic Dogs
After an intravenous glucose load, a series of serum
glucose, and insulin concentration ₩ere measured. in
3 diabetic dogs previously treated with alloxan, and
3 normal control dogs. Glucose disappearance rate ,
integrated insulin concentration, insulinogenic index,
glucose uptake at tissue sites, and hepatic glucose
balance were calculated and compared.
Followings were the results;
1. The fasting concentration of insulin was 7.4±
231'u/ml in control group , and 3. 5±1. 31'u/ml in
diabetic group (p<O. 1). Nine minutes after glucose
load, the maximal insulin concentration in control
group was 15.2±1. 10l'u/ml, but there was no acute
response in diabetics.
2. The glucose disappearance rate was 2. 68±0. 75
%/min in control group and 2. 24±0. 51%/min,
showing lower value in diabetics (p<0.15).
3. The integrated insulin concentration of the first
5 minutes was 8. 15±0. 3751lU/ml in control group,
and 4. 07±0. 7161'u/ml in diabetics (p<0.05). Those
of the first 10 minutes were 10.6±0. 4561'u/ml in
controls, and 4. 18 土O. 3351'u/ml in diabetics (p<O.01)
and those of the 60 minutes for total response were
12.1±1. 328μ띠/ml in controls, and 4. 42±0. 445μu/ml
in diabetics (p<O. 025).
4. The insulinogenic index during 0~5 min and
0~10 min period for acute response and 0~60 min
period for total response were as follows; 0.0147±
0.003, O. 0288±0. 009 and 0.051 ±O. 017 in controls
and O. 01l5±0. 002, O. 0101±0. 002 and O. 0207±0. 013
in diabetics. (0~5 πin.; p<O. 4, 0~10 min.; p<O.l,
0~60 min.; p<0.4).
5. The glucose uptake at tissue sites was less in
diabetics than in controls.
6. The hepatic glucose balance in every 10 minutes
was as follows; 29.9mg/min, -45.7mg/min, -0.9
mg/min, -18.9mg/min, 45.7mg/min, 29.8mg/min
and 49.0mg/min in control group , and 11. 4mg/min,
187.4mg/min, 31. 7mg/min, 16.9mg/min, 37.8mg/
min, 86.9mg/min and 78.0mg/min in diabetic dogs.
From these data, it was concluded that diabetes
was characterized not only by increased fasting blood
glucose, lowered glucose disappearance rate, lowered
insulinogenic index and glucose uptake at tissue sites
but also by decreased hepatic glucose balance after
intravenous glucose load
The Effect of Issue Involvement on Attitude Change via Perceived Argument Quality and Perceived Source Credibility
기하학적 아시안 베리어 옵션에 대한 점성해
학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 자연과학대학 수리과학부, 2023. 2. 이기암.In this thesis, we consider Barrier option and Geometric Asian option based on Black-Scholes model and derive partial differential equation which these two options satisfy. Also, we calculate its closed form as the option value at time t. Moreover, by combining Barrier option and Geometric Asian option, we consider Geometric Asian Barrier option and its partial differential equation. However, this equation has no classical solution. Instead, we show that the value of geometric Asian barrier option becomes a viscosity solution of PDE.본 학위 논문에서는 블랙-숄즈 모델에 기초한 장벽옵션과 기하학적 아시안 옵션을 다루고 이 두 옵션이 만족하는 편미분 방정식을 유도한다. 옵션시간 동안, 두 옵션가 격을 이 편미분방정식의 고전해로서 계산한다. 더욱이, 장벽옵션과 기하학적 아시안 옵션을 결합한 기하하적 아시안 장벽 옵션을 다루고 이것이 만족하는 편미분방정식과 경계조건을 제시한다. 그러나, 이 방정식은 고전해를 가지지 않는다. 따라서, 기하학적 아시아 장벽 옵션의 가격이 점도해로서 이 방정식을 만족한다는 것을 보인다.1 Introduction 1
2 Black-Scholes equation 4
2.1 Itô Calculus 4
2.2 Risk-neutral measure 7
2.3 Black-Scholes formula 16
3 Barrier Option 21
3.1 Pricing Barrier option 21
3.2 PDE for Barrier option 30
4 Geometric Asian Option 34
4.1 Pricing Geometric Asian option 34
4.2 PDE for Geometric Asian option 37
5 Viscosity Solution as Value of Geometric Asian Barrier Option 39
5.1 GeometricAsianBarrierOption 39
5.2 Viscosity solution 41
A Itô integral 51
A.1 Properties of Itô integral 51
A.2 Proof of (4.1.5) 55
A Martingale with zero drift term 58
Bibliography 62
Abstract (in Korean) 64석
해안 간척지에서의 조류서식처 복원에 관한 연구 : 대호 간척지의 수조류 서식처 기반을 중심으로
학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :생태조경학과,2001.Maste
효율적인 회전운동 보상을 위한 ISAR병진운동 보상기법
MasterThis paper introduces a translational motion compensation method for generating a focused inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) image of a target that has complex motion. Translational motion which is a target motion along radar line of sight (RLOS) and non-uniform rotational motion that causes non-uniform change rate of relative aspect angle between the radar and targets blur the ISAR images. Therefore motion compensation (MOCOM) which is composed of translational MOCOM (TMC) and rotational MOCOM (RMC) is necessary to eliminate those undesired motion components and generate a focused ISAR image. Generally we use the TMC methods that optimize cost functions of the ISAR images, but these methods distort the rotational motion components in received signals and the distortion causes errors during RMC. We proposed a new TMC method that provides data more efficiently to conduct RMC. We use range alignment (RA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to estimate the translational motion of the target and eliminate the translational motion components. The proposed method eliminates only translational motion components and remains the rotational motion without distortion. So after TMC, the RMC works successfully and can generate a focused ISAR image.역합성 개구면 레이더(Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar: ISAR) 영상의 초점을 맞추기 위한 요동보상(Motion compensation) 과정은 표적의 레이다 가시선(Radar Line Of Sight: RLOS) 방향으로의 움직임을 제거하는 병진운동 성분 보상(Translational Motion Compensation: TMC)과 관측각도 변화율을 일정하게 만드는 회전 운동 성분 보상(Rotational Motion Compensation: RMC)으로 구성된다. 일반적으로 TMC를 수행하기 위해 ISAR 영상의 비용함수(cost function)를 최적화하는 기법들이 널리 활용된다. 하지만, 상기의 기법들은 TMC 수행 후 회전운동 성분을 왜곡시키기 때문에 RMC을 수행하는데 큰 어려움을 준다. 본 논문에서는 병진운동 성분 추정에 기반한 TMC 기법을 제시함으로써 TMC 후 RMC를 성공적으로 수행 가능하게 한다. 거리정렬 방법(Range Alignment: RA)과 particle swarm optimization(PSO)를 통한 병진운동 성분을 추정하는 방법을 제시하고 시뮬레이션을 통하여 기존의 비용함수를 기반으로 하는 TMC 기법과 그 성능을 비교한다
