A Study on the Monitoring System for the Leaky-Bucket of the National Basic Livelihood Security System : the comparison of the monitoring system for public assistance program in Korea and the United States

학위논문(석사) --서울대학교 행정대학원 :행정학과(행정학전공),2009.2.Maste

재생에너지 정책의 장기 방향 설정과 효과적인 이행에 관한 세 편의 에세이

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 에너지시스템공학부, 2015. 2. 허은녕.This study discussed three major issues concerning long-term renewable energy policy direction at the national level and the effective implementation of policy tools in this area. First, a new viewpoint was suggested for the causal relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth. Then, an empirical study under the proposed and conventional viewpoints was conducted using the data of OECD and non-OECD countries, and directions for a long-term renewable energy policy were proposed. Second, a methodology was introduced for choosing optimal renewable energy options at the national level, to achieve renewable energy policy goals efficiently. In particular, factors and criteria were derived for sectors where future expansion is expected, and an empirical analysis was conducted to select optimal alternatives. Last, with respect to public perception, which has emerged as the largest obstacle against the achievement of renewable energy policy goals, public willingness to accept (WTA) utility loss caused by renewable energy production and utilization was estimated. Factors that affect the rate of participation were analyzed to propose how public participation may be increased. 1) Causal relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth This study recognized and addressed the problem posed by the previous studies and suggested a new viewpoint for addressing the causal relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth. The conventional viewpoint focused on the role of renewable energy as an input factor for production. However, renewable energy is more appropriately characterized as a technology or an industry rather than an energy source, when compared to conventional energy sources, especially for developed countries. Therefore, by suggesting a new viewpoint in this regard, this paper breaks new ground. The results of the empirical analysis for the new viewpoint revealed that for developed countries the momentum of the renewable energy industry is insufficient to lead economic growth. Rather, the industry has grown due to economic growth and the governments supporting policies. However, a very different result was obtained when the analysis targets were limited to the top five countries (USA, Japan, Germany, Denmark, and Spain) having the most mature renewable energy industries. These results showed that the growth hypothesis between renewable energy and economic growth is valid for these countries. This signifies that the renewable energy industry can play an important role in economic growth. A comparison of both analytical results shows that during the early-to-middle stages of the renewable energy industry, economic growth and the resulting fiscal expansion contributes to the industrys expansion. However, once the renewable energy industry matures to some degree, it contributes to economic growth. 2) Choosing the appropriate renewable energy source Narrowing down the perspective to Korea, the problem is its recent economic slowdown coupled with an insufficient government budget. These factors make it difficult to attain public agreement for expanding support for the renewable energy sector. Therefore, a selection and concentration strategy is required for effective implementation of a renewable energy policy under these circumstances. A combination of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (fuzzy-AHP) and the benefits, opportunities, costs, risks (BOCR) approach was employed as the methodology for selecting an appropriate renewable energy option at the national level. The empirical results revealed that economic and industrial factors, such as market size and trade balance improvement, play a more significant role in effective policy implementation than energy–environmental factors such as energy cost and environmental cost. This result is in line with the new viewpoint, which focuses on the industrial aspect of renewable energy. Furthermore, the geothermal heat pump was chosen as the optimal alternative for the analyzed sectors, while the oil boiler, which is the most widely used technology at present, was revealed to be the least appropriate alternative. This result indicates that the current energy mix and energy policies are inappropriate for the studied sectors. Therefore, a paradigm shift is required in energy policy, covering not just the supply of clean and low-cost energy sources but also technological competitiveness enhancement and development of a new domestic industry. 3) Public perception of renewable energy production It is vital to secure a minimum domestic market and construct a test bed in order to foster the renewable energy industry when it is at a nascent stage. However, the recent cases of public utility loss in the process of renewable energy deployment act as an obstacle against implementing renewable energy policies and, therefore, government choice. Accordingly, it was necessary to study public perception in terms of opportunity cost. And an empirical analysis on the feasibility of increasing waste cooking oil (WCO) collection rates for biodiesel production was conducted. The results indicated that regular households average WTA WCO collection was similar to or lower than the WCO market price, and if an appropriate collection system is constructed, over 40% of the households were willing to participate, provided the compensation level was comparable to the market price of the WCO. Considering that the household WCO collection rate identified by the survey was 6.9%, it is likely that appropriate compensation would raise WCO collection significantly. Therefore, the result of the empirical analysis showed that the utility loss caused by renewable energy deployment can be sufficiently overcome if a proper compensation system is constructed. In other words, to achieve the long-term renewable energy policy goals effectively, it is necessary to accurately identify the cause of the utility loss and respond to it by constructing a proper compensation system. The overall conclusion of this study is as follows. Renewable energy should be considered as a new industry, and the industrys potential should be judged in line with the proposed selection and concentration strategies from a long-term perspective. Public utility loss, which occurs in the process of securing domestic markets for renewable energy and building test beds, can be overcome with a proper compensation system, the implementation of which will contribute to the effective implementation of renewable energy policy. The contributions of this study are three-fold. First, it suggests a new viewpoint on the causal relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth and the empirical results showed that the contribution of the renewable energy industry to economic growth depends on the phase of the renewable energy industry. Second, this paper is the first to highlight the use of fuzzy-AHP with BOCR approach toward the investigation of optimal energy alternatives for the horticulture and stockbreeding sectors and provided insights into new long-term renewable energy policy directions for these sectors. Last, this paper uses the WTA measure, instead of the willingness to pay (WTP) measure, for waste collection unlike most previous studies. Notably, this was the first attempt to study public perception of WCO collection in terms of opportunity cost.INTRODUCTION AND RESEARCH FRAMEWORK 1 Intr-1. Motivation 1 Intr-2. Research Purpose and Framework 5 Intr-3. Thesis Outline 12 PART I. (ESSAY 1) A New Viewpoint on the Causal Relationship between Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth 15 I-1. Introduction 15 I-2. Data and research methodologies 30 I-2-1. Data 32 I-2-2. Panel unit root test 34 I-2-3. Panel cointegration test 35 I-2-4. Panel causality test 37 I-3. Empirical results and discussion 40 I-3-1. Panel unit root test 40 I-3-2. Panel cointegration test 45 I-3-3. Panel causality test 48 I-3-4. Empirical results with non-conventional renewable energy 54 I-3-5. Empirical results on top five OECD countries 57 I-3-6. Summary 62 I-4. Conclusion and policy implications 63 PART II. (ESSAY 2) Selecting Optimal Renewable Energy Option in New Markets using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (fuzzy-AHP) with Benefits, Opportunities, Costs, and Risks (BOCR) Approach : Case Study on Horticulture and Stockbreeding Sectors 67 II-1. Introduction 67 II-1-1. Overview 68 II-1-2. Current status of energy use in horticulture sector in Korea 69 II-2. Research methodologies 73 II-2-1. Fuzzy AHP 73 II-2-2. BOCR Approach 78 II-2-3. Criteria and alternatives 82 II-3. Empirical results and discussion 88 II-3-1. Weights of factors and criteria 88 II-3-2. Evaluation results for alternatives 93 II-4. Conclusion and policy implications 98 PART III. (ESSAY 3) Publics Willingness to Accept for Utility Loss from Renewable Energy Production: Case Study on Waste Cooking Oil Collection for Biodiesel 103 III-1. Introduction 103 III-1-1. Overview 104 III-1-2. Current status of WCO collection and recycling in Korea 107 III-2. Research methodologies 111 III-2-1. Measuring household WTA for WCO collection 111 III-2-2. Questionnaire design 115 III-3. Data description 119 III-3-1. Socio-economic characteristics 119 III-3-2. Awareness of and attitudes towards WCO recycling 122 III-3-3. Cooking oil consumption behavior 124 III-3-4. Responses to value-eliciting questions 125 III-4. Empirical results and discussion 131 III-4-1. Factors influencing participation in WCO collection 131 III-4-2. WTA to participate in WCO collection 137 III-4-3. Expected amount of WCO collected 141 III-4-4. Summary 143 III-5. Conclusion and policy implications 145 PART IV. OVERALL CONCLUSION 149 APPENDIX A. Descriptive Statistics for Part I (Essay 1) 161 APPENDIX B. The DBDC Value-elicitation Method 181 REFERENCES 185 ABSTRACT (in Korean) 197Docto

아릴아자이드기의 광반응을 통한 탄소나노튜브의 기능기 도입

학위논문(석사) - 한국과학기술원 : 화학과, 2008.2, [ iv, 31 p. ]Since carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were discovered, there were explosive increases of interest on nanotechnology. CNTs were revealed as having some interesting characteristics like mechanical strength stronger than steel, flexibility, thermal and electronic conductivity. With these amazing features, CNTs were expected to be a new material for next generation devices. Unfortunately, CNTs have some critical problems like purification, handling, mass production, separation of CNTs having different electrical property. Numerous researches were surveyed to overcome these problems, and many of them were successful. Within the researches, chemical modification of CNTs was the most fascinating field. Chemically inert CNTs were able to be functionalized with various ways, and the modified CNTs had a chance to have some interesting characteristics. Moreover, integration of CNTs with other molecules like protein, DNA, and polymer were feasible via chemical modification. We developed a new method for functionalizing sidewalls of carbon nanotubes, where arylazide-based photochemistry was utilized. With the photoreaction of the arylazide moiety, various functionalilities could easily be introduced. In this experiment, we used a biotin-containing arylazide molecule, and the patterns of CNTs were generated by biotin-streptavidin interactions. The reaction is determined by XPS and IR, and the patterns of CNTs were visualized by fluorescence microscopy, and a thin layer of the patterned CNTs was observed in the SEM images.한국과학기술원 : 화학과

Retrospective evaluation of alfaxalone as an induction agent of inhalation anesthesia: 150 cases

This study was performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of alfaxalone for induction of inhalation anesthesia in small animal practice. Patient data were collected according to anesthetic records (136 dogs and 14 cats) presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University for surgeries and diagnostic imaging from July 2013 to March 2014. Anesthetic results included signalment, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, premedicated drugs, procedures, induction quality, and recovery after anesthesia. One hundred fifty anesthetic events were classified according to the ASA grade. Three patients were ASA grade I, 52 patients grade II, 86 patients grade III, and 9 patients grade IV, respectively. The most common premedication was midazolam and hydromorphone combination (n = 59, 39.3%) follow by acepromazine and hydromorphone combination (n = 22, 14.7%). The majority of anesthesia procedures were diagnostic imaging (n = 33, 22.0%) and ophthalmic surgeries (n = 31, 20.7%), followed by soft tissue surgeries (n = 27, 18.0%), and orthopedic surgeries (n = 20, 13.3%). Intravenous alfaxalone provided smooth induction for inhalation anesthesia in almost cases, but transient apnea and twitching/paddling were observed after induction and during recovery, respectively. In addition, alfaxalone did not show pain response during intravenous administration. Alfaxalone showed smooth induction of inhalation anesthesia in dogs and cats with mild to severe systemic disease (ASA 2-4). Alfaxalone was considered as an acceptable induction agent for patients with higher risk in small animal practice. © 2017, Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics. All rights reserved.OAIID:RECH_ACHV_DSTSH_NO:T201707202RECH_ACHV_FG:RR00200001ADJUST_YN:EMP_ID:A077280CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:J Vet Clinics 2017-34-2-135-139.pdfDEPT_NM:수의학과EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:YFILEURL:https://srnd.snu.ac.kr/eXrepEIR/fws/file/2e87f8af-4642-4b95-a813-a2ff6327a4d4/linkN

Trigeminocardiac Reflex Induced by Electrohemostasis during Total Ear Canal Ablation in a Dog

A 14 kg, 9-year-old, spayed female, Cocker Spaniel was presented to the Veterinary Medical TeachingHospital of Seoul National University with a history of head tilt and circling. Otitis externa and media were diagnosedby computerized tomography, and total ear canal ablation was performed. In preanesthetic evaluation, systemichypertension and second-degree atrioventricular block were observed, but there was no regurgitation through the heartvalves. Systemic hypertension was managed with amlodipine (0.1 mg/kg, PO, BID) for the anesthesia. The dog waspremedicated with cefazolin (22 mg/kg, IV) and midazolam (0.2 mg/kg, IV). Anesthesia was induced with alfaxalone(2 mg/kg, IV) and maintained with isoflurane and 100% oxygen following intubation. During surgery, vital signs (heartrate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, end tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure and body temperature) were maintainedwithin normal ranges, but bradycardia was observed and corrected with glycopyrrolate (5 ug/kg IV, twice). Duringsubcuticular suture, electrohemostasis was applied at the incision line, which was close to the trigeminal nerve. In notime at all, heart rate dramatically decreased from 110 to 60 beats per minute. No additional treatment was done becausemean blood pressure was maintained above 70 mmHg. The heart rate recovered according to the decrease of end tidalisoflurane concentration and there were no complications associated with the anesthesia and surgery. Sudden bradycardiaafter electrical stimulation around the trigeminal nerve was considered as trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR). It isrecommended to be careful of bradycardia from TCR when electrocautery is used in the craniofacial area during surgery.N

Tension Pneumothorax in a Dog with Diaphragmatic Hernia

A 1.86 kg, 3-year-old, female, Maltese was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of SeoulNational University after being hit by a car. The patient was diagnosed with urinary bladder rupture, diaphragmatichernia and fracture of ilium, tibia and fibula. Repair surgery was performed after stabilizing treatment. During thesurgery, hypoxia was identified and it worsened after positive pressure ventilation (partial pressure of oxygen in arterialblood (PaO2): 52 mmHg, pulse oximetry (SpO2): 87%, arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SaO2): 85.8%). In additionto hypoxia, blood pressure decreased to 30 mmHg. Positive pressure ventilation was discontinued because hypoxiaand hypotension were aggravated. After suturing the diaphragm, air was withdrawn to form negative pressure withinthe thorax. However, negative pressure was not attained despite continuous withdrawal of air. A thoracostomy tubewas placed because tension pneumothorax was strongly suspected. The patient recovered through close monitoringwith the tube for 3 days. Due to limitation of evaluation of the lung, predicting occurrence of tension pneumothoraxis difficult in patient of diaphragmatic hernia. Therefore, it is recommended that indicators of tension pneumothoraxshould be closely monitored during diagnosis and repair procedures of diaphragmatic hernia.N