107 research outputs found
The Study on Convergence Education Program Effectiveness through Design Methodology Application: Focusing on STEAM Education
Do happy people have clear preferences?
학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :사회과학대학 심리학과,2019. 8. 최인철.우리는 매일 선택의 순간들을 마주한다. 이 때 내가 원하는 것을 스스로 선택한다는 것은 곧 내 삶에 대한 자율성을 획득하는 것과 같다. 이는 행복과 직결된다. 이에 기존 연구들은 선택이 주는 심리적 혜택들에 주목하였다. 그러나 여기에는 주요한 전제가 간과되었다. 원하는 것을 선택하기 위해서는 원하는 것이 있어야 한다는 점이다. 즉 내 선호가 분명해야만 비로소 내가 원하는 것을 선택할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 분명한 선호와 행복의 관계를 조명하였다. 분명한 선호는 내가 선호하는 특정한 대상이 있을 때, 내 선호에 대한 이해가 명확할 때 성립된다. 한편 선호가 결정될 때에는 두 가지 서로 다른 요소가 모두 활용된다. 선호는 대체로 여러 대상 중 내가 좋아하는 것이거나, 내가 싫어하지 않는 것이다. 즉 선호는 호불호, 좋아하는 것과 싫어하는 것을 모두 포함한다. 좋아하는 것은 대상의 긍정적인 특성이 두드러질 때, 싫어하는 것은 대상의 부정적인 특성이 두드러질 때 발생한다. 이 때 행복한 사람들은 긍정 편향으로 인해 긍정 특성에 더 주목한다. 따라서 행복한 사람들은 오직 좋아하는 것에 대해서만 분명한 선호를 보일 것이라고 예상되었다. 669명의 미국인 및 한국인 참여자를 대상으로 네 번의 실험을 수행한 결과, 행복한 사람일수록 좋아하는 것이 많고, 그 내용이 다양하고 독특했으며, 여러 항목 중 자신이 좋아하는 것을 빠르게 찾아냈다. 그러나 싫어하는 것에서는 행복 수준에 따른 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 또한 행복할수록 좋아하는 것들에 대해서는 잘 정립된 선호 구조를 보이는 반면, 싫어하는 것들에 대해서는 오히려 비일관적인 선호를 보였다. 종합 논의에서는 위의 결과에 대한 이론적 의의와 실험의 한계, 실천적 함의를 논하였으며, 후속 연구에 대해 제언하였다.This research investigated the relationship between happiness and clear preferences. We are all faced, every day, with choices. Previous studies have focused on the psychological benefits of choosing. The choice is important to enhance autonomy, positively related to happiness. What is truly important is the clear preference behind the choice, which allows people to choose what they really want. However, no studies have examined the relationship between clear preferences and happiness. Clear preferences consist of the presence of specific preferences and well-established knowledge on those preferences. Preferences, meanwhile, are determined in two different ways—what they like or what they do not dislike among options. This shows preferences include two distinct components, likes and dislikes. Likes are driven by the highlighted positive aspects of the subjects, whereas dislikes are driven by the highlighted negative aspects of them. In this regard, happy people tend to have selective attention toward positive targets. They could easily find positive attributes and focus on those—making it easier to find what they like. This research, therefore, predicted that happy people will have clear preferences only for things they like, and not for things they dislike. Four empirical studies with 669 participants in U.S. and Korea revealed that happy people had more preferences, had more different kinds of preferences, and decided their preferences more quickly compared with unhappy people only for what they like. These results, however, were not found with things they dislike. Also, happy people were less likely to violate the rule of transitivity and context independence when they chose what they like, but this was reversed when they chose what they dislike. The theoretical implications and limitations of the results are discussed and the directions of further studies are proposed.서 론 .................................................................................... 1
선호의 존재: 선택의 심리적 혜택을 위한 요건 ............................ 2
자기 선호를 아는 것: 자기에 대한 이해와 행복 .......................... 4
분명한 선호: 선호 형성의 유창성과 구조적 명확성 ..................... 8
선호의 두 가지 요소: 좋아하는 것과 싫어하는 것 ..................... 13
좋아하는 것과 행복 .................................................................... 17
연구 개요 ................................................................................... 20
연구 1: 행복과 선호의 양 ........................................................ 22
방 법 ..................................................................................... 22
결 과 ..................................................................................... 25
논 의 ...................................................................................... 39
연구 2: 행복과 선호의 다양성 ................................................. 44
방 법 ..................................................................................... 44
결 과 ..................................................................................... 47
논 의 ..................................................................................... 64
연구 3: 행복과 선호의 판단 시간 ............................................ 67
방 법 ..................................................................................... 67
결 과 ..................................................................................... 70
논 의 ..................................................................................... 75
연구 4: 행복과 선호의 구조 .................................................... 80
방 법 ..................................................................................... 80
결 과 ..................................................................................... 83
논 의 ..................................................................................... 91
종 합 논 의 ........................................................................... 94
참 고 문 헌 ......................................................................... 106
부 록 ............................................................................. 117
Abstract ............................................................................... 122Maste
탄소나노튜브 열전 성능을 조절하는 천연 고분자 도펀트로서의 리그닌 연구
학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 공과대학 재료공학부, 2022. 8. 김진영.지속적인 화석연료의 사용은 여러 환경문제를 일으키고 있다. 열전 발전은 버려지는 폐열을 이용한 친환경 발전 방법으로 강조되어 오고 있다. 열전 발전을 위해서는 p-타입과 n-타입의 반도체가 모두 필요한데, 기존에 사용되던 도펀트는 모두 화석연료 기반으로 합성된 chemical 이기 때문에 친환경 generator를 위해서는 이러한 합성 고분자 역시 대체 되어야 한다. Biopolymer 중 하나인 리그닌은 여러 공정의 부산물로써 손쉽게 얻을 수 있을 뿐 아니라 다양한 화학반응의 precursor가 될 수 있는 페놀 구조를 포함하고 있기 때문에 분자의 구조를 원하는 대로 변형 할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 리그닌을 이용하여 친환경 과정인 microwave-assisted synthesis 을 통해 charge-transfer doping 으로 CNT에 도펀트로 사용될 수 있는 친환경 고분자 도펀트를 제시하였다. 리그닌의 작용기를 변화하여 electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) 인 페놀을 첨가함으로써 p-dopant로 사용하였고, electron-donating groups (EDGs) 인 다이에틸 아민을 첨가하여 n-dopant 로 사용하였다. 리그닌으로 도핑 된 carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 의 열전 성능은 기존에 사용되던 합성 도펀트와 거의 비슷하거나 더 나은 수치를 보였다. 또한 UPS 를 통해 일함수를 분석하였을 때 페르미 레벨의 변화를 직접 관찰할 수 있었고, 이는 리그닌이 도펀트로 잘 역할을 하였다는 것을 보여준다. 최종적으로 리그닌과 CNT만을 이용하여 조립된 열전 발전기는 자연친화적인 열전발전기를 제작할 수 있다는 가능성을 보여주었다.The continued application of fossil fuels is causing various environmental problems. Therefore, one of the eco-friendly power generations, a thermoelectric generating has been highlighted as an environmental generation method using waste heat. A thermoelectric generator (TEG) requires both p-type and n-type semiconductors. Since all are synthetic chemicals based on fossil fuels, they also need to be replaced. Lignin, one of the biopolymers, can be easily obtained as a by-product of various processes. They consist of a phenolic structure which can be a precursor for various chemical reactions, making it possible to modify the molecular structure as desired. In this study, an eco-friendly biopolymer works as a dopant for CNTs via the chemical modification of functional groups in lignin. A microwave-assisted reaction, an eco-friendly process, was conducted on lignin for phenolation and amination. As a p-dopant, the phenol groups worked as electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs). In contrast, the diethylamine groups, electron-donating groups (EDGs), were used to synthesize an n-dopant. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were doped with modified lignins, and their thermoelectric performance was similar or superior to those of conventional synthetic dopants. The doped CNTs were characterized by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and the shifts of the Fermi levels could be directly observed, indicating that the modified lignins successfully act as dopants. As a proof of concept, the thermoelectric generator assembled using lignin-doped CNTs and showed that the eco-friendly biopolymers could be used as dopants and, further, could be applied to eco-friendly power generations.Abstract i
Table of Contents iii
List of Figures, Equations, and Tables v
Chapter 1. Introduction 1
Chapter 2. Fundamental Background 4
2.1 Thermoelectric effect 4
2.2 Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 9
2.3 Charge-transfer doping 12
2.4 Lignin 14
2.5 Previous researches on lignin-based dopants 15
2.6 Objective 16
Chapter 3. Experiments 18
3.1 Materials 18
3.1.1. Synthesis of phenolated lignin (PL) 18
3.1.2. Synthesis of aminated lignin (NL) 19
3.1.3. Preparation of lignin solutions 21
3.1.4. Preparation of free-standing DWCNT films 23
3.2. Fabrication of lignin-doped DWCNT films 24
3.3. Analysis 26
Chapter 4. Results and Discussions 27
4.1. Characterization of modified lignin 27
4.2. Morphology of lignin-doped DWCNT films 31
4.3. TGA analysis of lignin-doped DWCNT films 33
4.4. Thermoelectric properties of lignin-doped DWCNT 35
4.5. Comparison of performance with other organic dopants 37
4.6. UPS analysis of lignin-doped DWCNT 39
4.7. Doping mechanism 41
4.8. Performance of thermoelectric device 43
Chapter 5. Conclusion 45
Chapter 6. Reference 46
국문 요약 48석
소아 조혈모세포 이식 후 발생하는 폐 합병증에 대한 연구
학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 의학과 소아과학 전공, 2016. 2. 박준동.Background: Despite advances in transplantation and supportive care, a considerable number of patients still have poor prognosis with pulmonary complications (PCs) after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). This retrospective study evaluated the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and prognostic factors of PCs in HSCT recipients followed-up for 2 years.
Method: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 109 recipients of HSCT between 2010 and 2012.
Results: In this study, 55 PC episodes developed in 38 recipients. Non-invasive diagnostic work-ups were preferred, including sputum examination, serology test, and chest computed tomography (85.5%, 72.7%, and 76.4%, respectively). Infection was the most commonly discovered etiology of PCs (61.8%). The incidence of PCs was lower in patients who received autologous transplantation than in those who received other type of transplantation (65.8% vs. 49.3%, p=0.009). Analysis of PCs and morbidities revealed that the mortality rate was 32.7% in 18 episodes that were closely related with multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) when the PCs were diagnosed (OR, 26.178p = 0.001). Hematological dysfunction was the main factor for poor outcome in PCs (OR, 11.6p = 0.03). Of the HSCT recipients with PCs, 41.8% were transferred to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for respiratory failure, and the associated mortality rate was 73%. After PICU admission, continuous renal replacement therapy was significantly more commonly administered in patients who died than in those who survived (70.6% vs 16.7%, respectivelyp = 0.041). Five patients with 16 fatal primary PCs after HSCT who survived showed lesser progress to MODS and received corticosteroid therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome more frequently than did those who died.
Conclusions: Physicians must closely observe for the existence of any other organ dysfunction in HSCT recipients with PCs, especially hematologic conditions. To manage MODS, early intervention with PICU admission should be considered.Introduction 1
Materials and Methods 4
Patients 4
Data collection 4
Definition of PCs 7
Statistical analysis 9
Results 11
General patient characteristics 11
Diagnosis of PCs 13
Outcome and prognostic factors of PCs 15
Outcome of fatal primary PCs requiring PICU admission 18
Discussion 21
References 29
국문초록 38Maste
Analysis of Elementary School Aged Inventive Gifted Students' Problem Solving Process in Regards to Three Levels of Problem Structuralization
Qualitative Case Study on Design Process Based Creativity Problem Solving of Gifted Middle School Students
Needs Assessment and Standards Development in Instructional Consulting of Practical Arts Education
An Analysis on the Priority of Educational Needs of Teachers in Charge of Educational Contents of Invention Intellectual Property in Secondary Vocational Education
Developing Directions and Strategies for Amendment Practical Arts Curriculum and New Practical Arts Textbook : Focused on Food and Nutrition
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