(A) study of textural surfaces in corals as a form of expression in ceramic art

예술은 자연의 재현 또는 변형으로부터 시작된다. 자연이 없었다면 감성을 가진 예술가는 기본적인 감정을 어떻게 표현했을까. 예로부터 수많은 예술가들이 자연의 생명력과 다양한 형상등을 통하여 끊임없는 영감을 받아왔고 그로부터 발전시킨 여러 독특한 예술세계를 구축해 왔다. 어떤 자연물에 대해 새로운 의미를 부여하고 변형시키는 과정을 통해 예술의 표현세계를 넓혀 나갔다. 자연은 예술의 근원이며, 다양한 창작표현의 가능성을 제시하고 거기에 개인의 내적 심상, 경험으로 인해 또 다른 의미를 표출하는 것이다. 지상의 자연과는 달리 해류에 의해 살아 숨쉬는 바다속의 자연물중 강한 생명력을 가지고 있는 산호는 그자체의 곡선적인 형태와 질감들만으로도 충분한 심미적 여건을 내포하고 있다. 이러한 산호의 형태상의 특성들이 그동안 느껴왔던 질감과 형태를 공존시키는 작업에 적합하다고 여겨졌기 때문에 산호를 본연구에 대상으로 결정하였다. 단순히 자연물 자체를 재현하는게 아닌, 고요한 해류의 흐름속에서 살아가는 유기적인 산호의 형태속의 질서와 질감의 다양성을 이해하고 그 아름다움을 표현해보고자 한다. 이 과정에서 바다속 산호의 형태와 질감을 기(器)의 형태를 염두해 두고 재 표현하였다. 형태와 질감면에 기(器)의 의미를 쉽게 부여할 수 있고, 좁은 범위안에서 세세하게 연구하기 위하여 다양한 산호중 갯산호털잎 돌산호, 아가미 돌산호를 선택하였다. 본 연구에서는 작품의 소재가 된 산호의 조형적 측면과 질감적인 측면을 고찰해보고, 산호의 일반적 의미, 구조, 종류를 알아보고, 형태·질감이 잘 표현된 작품을 살펴봄으로써 흙의 표현 가능성을 연구하였다. 작품디자인 과정에서는 산호의 외형에서 그 질서를 이해하고 단순화 시켜, 질감과 함께 표현하였다. 제작 방법으로는 말아올리기 기법 물레성형, 판성형, 핀칭(pinching)기법을 사용하였다. 산호의 질감표현에 있어서는 여러 가지 도구와 손으로 직접 표현하여 질감을 강조시켰다. 유약은 질감있는 유약, 매트 유약을 사용하였으며, 분무 시유, 덤벙 시유로 처리하였다. 그리고 발색제로는 산화철, 탄산동, 크롬, 블루 안료를 위의 유약에 각각 첨가시켜 시유하였다. 초벌후에 사용하는 화장토를 제작하고 유약과 혼합하여 표면 처리하였다. 소성 방법은 1차는 0.3㎥ 전기 가마에서 8시간을 최고 온도 890℃에서 소성하였고, 2차는 0.5㎥ 도염식가스가마에서 9시간을 마침온도 1250℃에서 산화염소성하였다. <작품 8>은 0.5㎥ 도염식가스가마에서 마침온도 1250℃에서 9시간 3차 산화염소성하였다. 산호를 소재로 한 작업을 끝내면서 더욱 다양한 질감과 형태를 산호속에서 찾을수 있다고 생각하게 되었다. 또한 작업의 계속성에 대한 가능성을 얻는 계기가 되었다.;Art began by reproducing and imitating nature. If nature did not exist, artists would not have been able to speak with their emotions. Quite evidently, this is the reason for this study and I have chosen to express my concepts and emotions by using different coral forms. Corals have many different shapes and surfaces. Their forms are organic and their surfaces vary in pattern and texture. In graduate school, I wanted to combine both form and texture, consequently I found that coral seemed the most appropriate subject for what I was intending. With the different coral formations, I did not reproduce the shapes exactly as they are. The shapes were more for inspiration. I used the original form to transform them into something sculpturally different. Corals are live formations with numerous forms and textures. Their distinct qualities, in terms of their shapes, are very suitable to the nature of clay. For this study, I have concentrated on the form and the texture of Massive, Brain, Stag Horn corals for my work. The work was made by enlarging, reducing and stretching the forms, using the coiling, wheel-throwing and slab-building methods. Also to create a particular texture on the surfaces, I have used different tools for the surface. The patterns were further emphasized with different glazes. I mixed a textured glaze, a dry glaze, and a transparent stony glaze. The glazes were sprayed and dipped. For colour, I added cobalt oxide, copper carbonate, chrome oxide and blue stains into the glazes. Also, I used a slip which is applied after bisquit firing. I applied this before glazing and was able to obtain effective results. The bisquit firing reached a temperature of 890℃ and it was fired for 8 hours in a 0.3㎥ electric kiln. The glaze firing went up to a temperature of 1250℃. The firing took 9 hours in a 0.5㎥ gas kiln. Work <8> was fired 3 times. The third firing reached a temperature of 1250℃ in a 0.5㎥ gas kiln. For this study, I concentrated on only 3 different types of corals as mentioned above. My aim for this study has been to observe these 3 formations in detail. After having researched on this subject, I have found that there are still a lot of different coral formations and each of them have distinct shapes and textures. I believe that this is only the beginning to my research on coral forms and textures. It will lead on to more detailed and concentrated works in the future.목차 = ⅰ 논문개요 = ⅷ Ⅰ. 서론 = 1 A. 연구 목적 = 1 B. 연구방법 및 내용 = 2 Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 4 A. 자연과 조형 = 4 B. 산호와 조형 = 5 1. 조형적 측면 고찰 = 5 2. 질감적 측면 고찰 = 8 3. 산호의 종류 = 9 C. 산호의 이미지에 의한 작품 사례 = 17 Ⅲ. 작품 제작 및 해석 = 25 A. 디자인 과정 = 25 B. 제작 과정 및 해설 = 36 1. 제작 과정 = 36 2. 유약표 = 40 3. 화장토표 = 42 4. 작품해설 = 44 Ⅳ. 결론 = 63 참고문헌 ABSTRAC

Experimental study on infection of toxoplasma gondii to rabbits

의학과/박사[한글] Experimental Study on Infection of Toxoplasma gondii to Rabbits Chang-Eui Hong, M.D. Department of Medical Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University (Director: Professor Chin-Thack Soh, M.D.) Toxoptasma gondii was first described by Nicolle and Manceaux(1908) from an African rodent (Ctenodactylus gundi). Since that time the protozoa was detected from various avian animals and mammals including human being in a number of reports(Jacobs,1967; Faust et al.: 1970). The first human case of toxoplasmosis was reported by Janku (1973) in Czechoslovakia, who died with hydrocephalus and microphthalmus, and it is now recognized that one-half billion people are involved as asymptomatic and symptomatic toxoplasmosis(Kean 1972). In related to the life cycle, Hutchison(1965) first suggested the oocyst could be infective to animal and man, and he also reported that the cat was infected with T.gondii by feeding them the mouse brain containing Toxoplasma cysts. Dubey et al. (1970**a) found the coccidian oocyst, which was similar to Isospora bigemina from the cat feces after feeding Toxoplasma-infected mice. Three typos of infective form of Toxoplasma gondii have been reported: trophozoite in the acute stage, cyst imbedded in the tissues and oocyst. The gametogony was also established in the intestinal epithelium of the feline order. However, no report was appeared on possibility of the gametogony in herbivorous animals. The present study was designed to study the infectivity of Toxoplasma gondii, to rabbit, a herbivorous animal. The possibility of Toxocara cams eggs and Ancylostoma caninum larvae to transmit the protozoa into tissues was also studied. The experimental animals were cat, rabbit and mouse. They were the hybrids, and confirmed parasitesfree in intestines before experiment. Dye test was also performed to identify the previous infection of T. gondii. Beverly strain of T. gondii was used for inoculation test to rabbit, and RH strain for the dye test. Toxocara canis eggs and Ancytostoma caninum larvae were obtained from usual parasitological means. Serologic determination was done with revised Sabin-Feldman dye test using the citrated plasma. Administration of T. gondii oocysts to rabbits was grouped according to the purpose of experiment. Group Ⅰ was subjected mainly for infectivity study: ⅰ). Oocysts 370 + Toxocara cansis eggs 300 ⅱ). Oocyats 300+ Ancyfostoma caninum larvae 300 ⅲ). Oocysts 300 only ⅳ). Toxocara canis eggs 300 only ⅴ). Ancylostoma caninum larvae 300 only ⅵ). Control Group Ⅱ was subjected: ⅰ). Oocysts 50,000 to detect the parasitemia ⅱ). Oocysts 50,000 for histopathology The inoculated rabbits were examined with the subjects: body temperature, stool test to find oocysts and blood samplings for dye tests. In all the animals associated with the oocysts T. gondii infection was established regardless the means of administration. The results obtained are summarized. No difference was observed between the experimental groups: Toxoplasma infection only and mixed infection groups with Toxocara canis or Ancylostoma caninum. Body temperature of the rabbits increased to the clinical level one week after the administration and the dye test titer increased to peak on the 24th day of inoculation. Four out of 6 rabbits which fed T. gondii oocysts expired within the 25th day of inoculation. The cysts were found in the brain of rabbit on the 24th day of inoculation. Although no cyst was found from the brains of other 3 expired rabbits, Toxoplasma oocysts were detected from the cat feces by feeding them to the animal. To study the parasitemia, 50,000 oocysts were fed to rabbit, and the venous blood was taken out daily for 10 days, then injected to mouse intraperitoneally. The cysts were found in the mouse brains 30 days after inoculation and confirmed the parasitemia was established. All of the expired or sacrificed rabbits showed pathologic changes: multiple local necrosis associated with granulomatous inflammation in the brain and liver, superficial ulcer with acute non-specific inflammation in the intestine and passive congestion in spleen and abdominal lymphnodes. No specific finding in others organs; lung. heart, kidney and abdominal muscles was observed. Gametocytes were detected from the intestinal epithelia of the cat which fed with Toxoplasma gondii infected mouse. However, in no case, oocyst excretion was found from the rabbit feces throughout the present study. From the above results it is concluded that the rabbit can be infected only with the oocyst stage but no gametocyte stage is established in the intestine of the rabbit. The rabbit may serve as an intermediate to transmit the parasite when victimized by the stronger animals. [영문] Toxoptasma gondii was first described by Nicolle and Manceaux(1908) from an African rodent (Ctenodactylus gundi). Since that time the protozoa was detected from various avian animals and mammals including human being in a number of reports(Jacobs,1967; Faust et al.: 1970). The first human case of toxoplasmosis was reported by Janku (1973) in Czechoslovakia, who died with hydrocephalus and microphthalmus, and it is now recognized that one-half billion people are involved as asymptomatic and symptomatic toxoplasmosis(Kean 1972). In related to the life cycle, Hutchison(1965) first suggested the oocyst could be infective to animal and man, and he also reported that the cat was infected with T.gondii by feeding them the mouse brain containing Toxoplasma cysts. Dubey et al. (1970**a) found the coccidian oocyst, which was similar to Isospora bigemina from the cat feces after feeding Toxoplasma-infected mice. Three typos of infective form of Toxoplasma gondii have been reported: trophozoite in the acute stage, cyst imbedded in the tissues and oocyst. The gametogony was also established in the intestinal epithelium of the feline order. However, no report was appeared on possibility of the gametogony in herbivorous animals. The present study was designed to study the infectivity of Toxoplasma gondii, to rabbit, a herbivorous animal. The possibility of Toxocara cams eggs and Ancylostoma caninum larvae to transmit the protozoa into tissues was also studied. The experimental animals were cat, rabbit and mouse. They were the hybrids, and confirmed parasitesfree in intestines before experiment. Dye test was also performed to identify the previous infection of T. gondii. Beverly strain of T. gondii was used for inoculation test to rabbit, and RH strain for the dye test. Toxocara canis eggs and Ancytostoma caninum larvae were obtained from usual parasitological means. Serologic determination was done with revised Sabin-Feldman dye test using the citrated plasma. Administration of T. gondii oocysts to rabbits was grouped according to the purpose of experiment. Group Ⅰ was subjected mainly for infectivity study: ⅰ). Oocysts 370 + Toxocara cansis eggs 300 ⅱ). Oocyats 300+ Ancyfostoma caninum larvae 300 ⅲ). Oocysts 300 only ⅳ). Toxocara canis eggs 300 only ⅴ). Ancylostoma caninum larvae 300 only ⅵ). Control Group Ⅱ was subjected: ⅰ). Oocysts 50,000 to detect the parasitemia ⅱ). Oocysts 50,000 for histopathology The inoculated rabbits were examined with the subjects: body temperature, stool test to find oocysts and blood samplings for dye tests. In all the animals associated with the oocysts T. gondii infection was established regardless the means of administration. The results obtained are summarized. No difference was observed between the experimental groups: Toxoplasma infection only and mixed infection groups with Toxocara canis or Ancylostoma caninum. Body temperature of the rabbits increased to the clinical level one week after the administration and the dye test titer increased to peak on the 24th day of inoculation. Four out of 6 rabbits which fed T. gondii oocysts expired within the 25th day of inoculation. The cysts were found in the brain of rabbit on the 24th day of inoculation. Although no cyst was found from the brains of other 3 expired rabbits, Toxoplasma oocysts were detected from the cat feces by feeding them to the animal. To study the parasitemia, 50,000 oocysts were fed to rabbit, and the venous blood was taken out daily for 10 days, then injected to mouse intraperitoneally. The cysts were found in the mouse brains 30 days after inoculation and confirmed the parasitemia was established. All of the expired or sacrificed rabbits showed pathologic changes: multiple local necrosis associated with granulomatous inflammation in the brain and liver, superficial ulcer with acute non-specific inflammation in the intestine and passive congestion in spleen and abdominal lymphnodes. No specific finding in others organs; lung. heart, kidney and abdominal muscles was observed. Gametocytes were detected from the intestinal epithelia of the cat which fed with Toxoplasma gondii infected mouse. However, in no case, oocyst excretion was found from the rabbit feces throughout the present study. From the above results it is concluded that the rabbit can be infected only with the oocyst stage but no gametocyte stage is established in the intestine of the rabbit. The rabbit may serve as an intermediate to transmit the parasite when victimized by the stronger animals.restrictio

Clinical Observation on the Incidence of Childhood Leukemia

Five hundred and fifty-four cases of leukemia in children who were diagnosed at the Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University, from October 1955 to December 1982 were analysed. Table 1. Age incidence -c-=--,c ,--,-_ ---_-.----- - -- ----- Age (year) No. of caSCi) % ----'--- - -------'----.'--- ---._---..- <3 127 22.9 3~ 6 208 37.5 7~10 109 19.7 11~15 110 19.9 Total 55,1 100.0 Table 2. Incidence by morphologic classification Classification No. of cases % Lymphoid 331 59.7 Acute lymphocytic 288 52.0 Acute unclassified 43 7. 7 Nonlyrnphoid 190 3·1.3 Acute myelocytic 150 27.1 Acute myelomonocytic 20 3.6 Acute monocytic 13 2.3 Acute erythroleukemia 6 1.0 Chronic myelocytic 33 6.0 ------- --_...._._----_., .._--- Total 554 100.0The patients consisted of 36,1 boys and 190 girls (M : F=1. 91 : 1). Acute leukemia was 94.096 and chronic leukemia was 6.0%. The incidence of various types of leukemia was as follows(Table 2)

Transient Methemoglobinemia with Diarrhea in Newborn and Infant

Metoemoglobinemia is an uncommon clinical problem generally caused by inherited disorders of hemoglobin or environmental toxicities from oxidizing agents. We experienced 4 neonate and a infant who exhibit transient methemoglobinemia with diarrhea. So we report our experience with 5 unrelated newborns, ranging from 7 to 40 days, who presented with diarrhea, dehydration, acidosis, and transient methemoglobinemia. No history of toxin exposure and family could be elicited. All were moderately to severely dehydrated, methemoglobin levels ranged from 7.2 to 18.9%. 2 patient showed acidosis and no patient showed decreased arterial oxygen saturation. All patients recovered. One patient was treated by methylene blue and the others were treated by supportive care. The clinician should be aware of methemoglobinemia with diarrhea to avoid unnecessary work up and management.Metoemoglobinemia is an uncommon clinical problem generally caused by inherited disorders of hemoglobin or environmental toxicities from oxidizing agents. We experienced 4 neonate and a infant who exhibit transient methemoglobinemia with diarrhea. So we report our experience with 5 unrelated newborns, ranging from 7 to 40 days, who presented with diarrhea, dehydration, acidosis, and transient methemoglobinemia. No history of toxin exposure and family could be elicited. All were moderately to severely dehydrated, methemoglobin levels ranged from 7.2 to 18.9%. 2 patient showed acidosis and no patient showed decreased arterial oxygen saturation. All patients recovered. One patient was treated by methylene blue and the others were treated by supportive care. The clinician should be aware of methemoglobinemia with diarrhea to avoid unnecessary work up and management

A Clinical Study on Histiocytosis Syndrome

We made a clinical study of 17 cases of Histiocytosis ·syndrome who had been admitted to the Dept. of Ped. of S.N.D.H. from Jan. 1970 to Dec. 1980. Among 17 cases, 14 cases were classified as Lettercr-Siwe disease (Group I) and 3 cases as Hand-Schul lcr-Christian disease (Group n). The results obtained were as fo11O\\Ts. 1. The sex incidence revealed male predominance with the ratio 12 : 5. 2. The mean age of symptom onset was 10 months in Group f, whereas 1 G/12 yrs in Group n. The mean age at diagnosis was 1 2/12 years in Group I, whereas 3 3/12 years in Group n. 3. The common clinical signs at diagnosis were hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. 4. The most common organ involved among 8 organ systems was liver, and the number of organ systems involved were G-6 in 9 cases (G3?c;). 3-4 in 7 cases (41%), and 7 in 1 case(G96). 5. The hematologic findings were as follows. 1) Anemia (Hb belowl0gm/dl) was found in 10 eases (59%). 2) The leukoeytes count was variable, but leukocytosis was found in 7 cases (41%). 3) Thrombocytopenia (platelet count below lOa, OOO/mm') were eommon (339;). The hemoglobin level and platelet count were inversely related to the extent of splenomegaly. G. Abnormal liver enzyme (GOT/GPT) level was found in 10 cases among 1G cases but the relationship of the extent of hepatomegaly and enzyme level was not found. 7. Bone changes on X-ray finding were revealed in 8 cases, of which the most common bone involved was skull C7G?o:. 8. Bone marrow findings on aspirate were abnormal in D among 11 cases performed, of which the most common was histiocytic infiltration in G cases (43%). 9. The most common finding on tissue biopsy was foamy histiocytic proliferation. 10. Four cases were followed up with therapy through O.P.D. for more than 2 years. The responses totreatment were variable in terms of symptoms