Alterations of GABAergic Neuron-Associated Extracellular Matrix and Synaptic Responses in Gad1-Heterozygous Mice Subjected to Prenatal Stress

浜松医科大学博士（医学）doctoral医学系研究科Exposure to prenatal stress (PS) and mutations in Gad1, which encodes GABA synthesizing enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) 67, are the primary risk factors for psychiatric disorders associated with abnormalities in parvalbumin (PV)-positive GABAergic interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Decreased expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins has also been reported in patients with these disorders, raising the possibility that ECM abnormalities may play a role in their pathogenesis. To elucidate pathophysiological changes in ECM induced by the gene?environment interaction, we examined heterozygous GAD67-GFP (Knock-In KI; GAD67+/GFP) mice subjected to PS from embryonic day 15.0 to 17.5. Consistent with our previous study, we confirmed a decrease in the density of PV neurons in the mPFC of postnatal GAD67+/GFP mice with PS, which was concurrent with a decrease in density of PV neurons surrounded by perineuronal nets (PNNs), a specialized ECM important for the maturation, synaptic stabilization and plasticity of PV neurons. Glycosylation of α-dystroglycan (α-DG) and its putative mediator fukutin (Fktn) in the ECM around inhibitory synapses has also been suggested to contribute to disease development. We found that both glycosylated α-DG and the mRNA level of Fktn were reduced in GAD67+/GFP mice with PS. None of these changes were detected in GAD67+/GFP naive mice or wild type (GAD67+/+) mice with PS, suggesting that both PS and reduced Gad1 gene expression are prerequisites for these changes. When assessing the function of interneurons in the mPFC of GAD67+/GFP mice with PS through evoked inhibitory post-synaptic currents (eIPSCs) in layer V pyramidal neurons, we found that the threshold stimulus intensity for eIPSC events was reduced and that the eIPSC amplitude was increased without changes in the paired-pulse ratio (PPR). Moreover, the decay rate of eIPSCs was also slowed. In line with eIPSC, spontaneous IPSC (sIPSC) amplitude, frequency and decay tau were altered. Thus, our study suggests that alterations in the ECM mediated by gene-environment interactions might be linked to the enhanced and prolonged GABA action that compensates for the decreased density of PV neurons. This might be one of the causes of the excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in the mPFC of psychiatric patients.doctoral thesi

Hvilke forberedelser kan sykepleiere gjøre i spesialisthelsetjeneste før utskrivelse av palliative kreftpasienter?

Hensikt: Hensikten med litteraturstudien er å undersøke hvilke forberedelser sykepleiere kan gjøre ved spesialisthelsetjenesten før utskrivelse av palliative kreftpasienter. Palliative kreftpasientene har forventet kort levetid og opplever mye smerte og angst i siste tiden. Det er ønskelig å bedre prosedyrer slik at pasientene kan føle seg trygge, godt ivaretatt og øke livskvalitet. Det er viktig at pasientens grunnleggende behov blir ivaretatt fram til siste åndedrag. Metode: Litteraturstudie ble brukt for å besvare problemstilling. Det ble utført strukturerte søk i databasene PubMed og CINAHL, og 6 forskningsartikler ble funnet. Forskningsartiklene ble kritisk vurdert. Funnene i forskningsartiklene ble drøftet opp mot relevant litteratur. Resultat: Samarbeid mellom helsetjenester, sykepleievurdering, kommunikasjon med pasient og tidlige intervensjoner er viktige faktorer når det gjelder forberedelser som skal gjøres før utskrivelse av palliative kreftpasienter. Ordentlige samtaler, relasjonsbygging, vurdering av pasientens total pain og god dokumentasjon er andre elementer som er viktige for å ta med når man gjør forberedelser. Konklusjon: God kommunikasjon og relasjonsbygging med pasientene er noe av det viktigste man kan gjøre som sykepleier. God kommunikasjon med andre helsetjenester og helsepersonell skal ikke undervurderes. Ordentlig kommunikasjon og dokumentasjon sikrer at pasienten blir godt ivaretatt etter utskrivelse. Det øker sannsynligheten for at alle pasientens behov og ønsker blir ivaretatt. Videre studier er nødvendige for å undersøke effekt.Purpose: The purpose of this literature review is to see what type of preparations nurses can do at hospitals prior to discharge of palliative cancer patients. Palliative cancer patients have short life expectancy and experience a lot of pain and anxiety at the end-of-life period. It is desirable to better procedures so that patients can feel safer, well taken care of and quality of life improves. It is important that patients’ basic needs are taken care of until the last breath of air. Method: Literature review was used to for this thesis. Structured searches in PubMed and CINAHL databases resulted in 6 relevant articles. These research articles were critically analyzed. Findings in these research articles were discussed up to relevant literature. Results: Cooperation between health services, nurse assessment, communication with patient and early interventions are important factors regarding the preparations to be done upon discharge of palliative cancer patients. Proper conversations, relationship building and assessing patients’ total pain as well as good documentation are other elements that are important to account for when doing preparations. Conclusion: Good communication and relationship building with patients are some of the most important things a nurse can do. Good communication with other health services and healthcare personnel should not be underestimated. Proper communication and documentation ensure that patients get taken care of after discharge. Those factors increase probability that patients’ needs and wishes are followed. Further study is needed to assess effects

マックス・ウェーバーの都市論について

application/pdf社會問題研究. 1953, 3(3), p.32-51departmental bulletin pape

Preface

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The Heritage of the Theory of Alienation

最終講義(Final Lecture)application/pdfdepartmental bulletin pape

Evaluation of the space collaboration system : its history, image quality and effectiveness for joint case conference

2000-05A joint case-conference was conducted between the Departments of Radiology at Nagoya and Kobe Universities using the Space Collaboration System (SCS), which connects 39 national universities and institutes by communication satellite. In the conference, both sides presented cases using medical images such as those from CT, MRI, and DSA, and the cases were discussed between participants at the two universities. After the final conference, we distributed a questionnaire to solicit responses from the 43 participating radiologists on the quality of the transferred images and their overall impression of the conference. The responses showed that the CT, MRI, and DSA images were clear enough to allow discussion, whereas the plain X-ray images were not. Hence from the standpoint of image quality, the SCS may be unsuited for medical image diagnosis, but useful for presentation of case images in joint conferences and seminars.departmental bulletin pape

三長鼎談 創立一二〇年の意義と展望

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1998年改定中学校学習指導要領下の栃木県の技術科教育 -教育課程・教育条件整備に関する調査結果からみる-

text紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paperdepartmental bulletin pape

Improved measurements of branching fractions and CP partial rate asymmetries for B-->omegaK and B-->omegapi

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