An Analysis of the Optative Endings of the Subaši Manuscript of Udānavarga

Being one of the oldest manuscripts in Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit, the Subagi manuscript of the Udanavarga (Fonds Pelliot, Bibliotheque Nationale de Paris) has unique characteristics, which show its extreme importance in clarifying how and why the Buddhist Canon began to be sanskritized in the first centuries of the Christian era. Elsewhere I have demonstrated that the phonetical and morphological irregularities revealed in the sanskrit of this manuscript are closely related to peculiarities of North-western Middle Indic, namely the Gandhari. This, together with other circumstances, makes it possible to assume that sanskritization of this text was made from an original Gandhari tradition. Detailed analysis in this paper on the use of optative endings not only confirms that hypothesis, but throws new light on certain so far unknown aspects of the transmission of Buddhist texts and the conditions of their sanskritization, particularly for the Sarvastivadins in Central Asia.departmental bulletin pape

Some notes on the Sinhalese manuscript in the Aoki's Tibet Collection and Dhammacakka-ppavattana-Sutta

departmental bulletin pape

Quantitative estimation of dietary energy deficiency and effects of Its supplementation on protein nutritional status of nondiabetic uremic patients undergoing protein restricted dietary regimens

2001-05In chronic renal failure (CRF) patients with a reduced protein intake, if the patients' energy intake could be estimated on the basis of biochemical data together with protein intake, it would be easier to provide them with adequate dietary treatment. Thus, from the relationship among the normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) and the intrinsic creatinine generation rate (%GCr) both calculated on the basis of 24-hr urine creatinine, as well as the daily dietary energy intake evaluated by a skilled nutritionist, we devised the following equation to estimate the amount of dietary energy deficiency (∆E) whose supplementation increases the %GCr of patients on protein-restricted dietary regimens to the target level (i.e., the dietary energy deficient amount). This was done by taking the %GCr of average nondiabetic hemodialysis patients of the same age and sex as a temporal target level: ∆E = [31.22-1.97 (%GCr)0.6]/ (nPCR)0.15. In order to examine the clinical usefulness of this equation, the daily dietary energy deficient amount calculated by the equation was supplemented with protein-free jelly. As a result, the %GCr increased from approximately three-fourths of the target level to the target level within 4 months.departmental bulletin pape

運動有能感と戦術学習に着目したゴール型ゲーム授業の実践研究

text紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paperdepartmental bulletin pape

PM2.5高濃度地区における妊婦臍帯血ゲノムDNAのOXTRメチル化変化

優秀演題候補セッションjournal articl

Improved measurements of branching fractions and CP partial rate asymmetries for B-->omegaK and B-->omegapi

journal articl

Community-Based Welfare Mainstreaming : Planning Freedom

departmental bulletin pape

Effect of Core Material on Breaking Behavior of Self-Bursting Microcapsules

application/pdfjournal articl

Phase-conjugate Read out Holographic Optical Memory in Dielectric Single Crystal

We demonstrate phase-conjugate read-out method in holographic optical memory using Fe: LiNbO3 single crystal. In comparison with the conventional read-out by the reference optical beam, reconstructed images by phase-conjugate read-out method have higher fidelty and quality. It may be applied to the high density optical data storage with 10^ bits of information.departmental bulletin pape

The effects of emission control strategies on light-absorbing carbon emissions from a modern heavy-duty diesel engine

<div><p>Control of atmospheric black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) has been proposed as an important pathway to climate change mitigation, but sources of BC and BrC are still not well understood. In order to better identify the role of modern heavy-duty diesel engines on the production of BC and BrC, emissions from a heavy-duty diesel engine operating with different emission control strategies were examined using a source dilution sampling system. The effect of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and diesel particulate filter (DPF) on light-absorbing carbon (LAC) was evaluated at three steady-state engine operation modes: idle, 50% speed and load, and 100% speed and load. LAC was measured with four different engine configurations: engine out, DOC out, DPF out, and engine out with an altered combustion calibration. BC and BrC emission rates were measured with the Aethalometer (AE-31). EC and BC emission rates normalized to the mass of CO₂ emitted increased with increasing engine speed and load. Emission rates normalized to brake-specific work did not exhibit similar trends with speed and load, but rather the highest emission rate was measured at idle. EC and OC emissions were reduced by 99% when the DOC and DPF architecture was applied. The application of a DPF was equally effective at removing 99% of the BC fraction of PM, proving to be an important control strategy for both LAC and PM. BC emissions were unexpectedly increased across the DOC, seemingly due to a change aerosol optical properties. Removal of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) flow due to simulated EGR cooler failure caused a large increase in OC and BrC emission rates at idle, but had limited influence during high load operation. LAC emissions proved to be sensitive to the same control strategies effective at controlling the total mass of diesel PM.</p><p>Implications: <i>In the context of black carbon emissions, very small emission rates of brown carbon were measured over a range of control technologies and engine operating conditions. During specific idle engine operation without EGR and adjusted fueling conditions, brown carbon can be formed in significant amounts, requiring careful management tactics. Control technologies for particulate matter are very effective for light-absorbing carbon, reducing black carbon emissions to near zero for modern engines equipped with a DPF. Efforts to control atmospheric brown carbon need to focus on other sources other than modern diesel engines, such as biomass burning.</i></p></div