Influence on tunnel magnetoresistance of spin configurations localized within insulators

We theoretically study effects on tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) of spin configurations localized within insulating barriers. Two cases are treated herein: interaction between a tunneling electron and an isolated classical spin being canted at an angle to the magnetization axis of the ferromagnetic leads, and interaction between a tunneling electron and many quantum spins within the insulating barrier. The characteristic features of TMR observed in δ-doped ferromagnetic tunnel junctions and in grain boundaries of metallic manganites are discussed in view of the results obtained.6pagesjournal articl

ソウセツ ケツアツ チョウセツ ニ カンヨスル ニューロン ノ ブンプ ト キノウ

血圧を上昇させる交感神経興奪ニューロン(Sympathoexcitatory neuron,SEN)は吻側延髄腹外側野(Rostral ventrolateral medulla,RVLM)と中脳中心灰白質(Midbrain periaqueductal gray,PAG)に集中して分布している。RVLM内の狭い領域に集中して分布するSEN群は,孤束核,尾側延髄腹外側野を経由して到達する動脈系および低圧系圧受容器からの求心性インパルスの低下,あるいは化学受容器かちの求心性インパルスの増加に伴って,その活動を高め血圧を上昇させる。逆に圧受容器からのインパルスが増加することによってその活動を減弱させ,血圧は下降する。RVLM内には自発的に歩調とり電位を発生し,正常血圧の維持に貢献しているニューロンが存在する。中脳PAGの側方領域には防衛反応を起こすニューロンと共にSEN群が集中して存在し,威嚇,逃走行動等の防衛反応と共に血圧を上昇させる。このSENニューロン群も圧受容器反射に関与していると考えられている。視床下部において集中して存在し,神経細胞体への直接刺激で昇圧反応を引き起こすようなSEN群は見出されていない。journal articl

Improved measurement of CP-violation parameters sin⁡2ϕ1 and |λ|, B meson lifetimes, and B0-B̅0 mixing parameter Δmd

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Determination of Fortified Rosin-Glycerin Ester Sizing Agents in Paper by Reactive Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography in the Presence of an Organic Alkali

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Stepping over Obstacles with Augmented Reality based on Visual Exproprioception

The purpose of this study is to analyze the different kinds of ex- proprioceptive visual cues on an Augmented Reality (AR) system during gait exercise, on top of understanding which cues provide the best visualizations in stepping over obstacles. The main problem for users is to understand the position of virtual objects relative to themselves. Since visual exproprioception provides information about the body position in relation to the environment, it has the possibility to yield positive effects with regards to position control and gait biomechanics in the AR system. This research was born as part of the collaboration with the staff of Takanohara Central Hospital in Japan. Twenty-seven individuals were invited to take part in the user study to test three visual interfaces. The task of the mentioned user study involves making the subjects cross and avoid virtual obstacles of different heights that come from different directions. The AR application was implemented in the experiment by using the Head-Mounted Display (HMD) Microsoft HoloLens. Data obtained from the experiment revealed that the interface projected in front of the user from a third-person point of view resulted to improvements in terms of posture, visual stimuli, and safety.conference pape

Data_Sheet_1_Comparative Study of AMMI- and BLUP-Based Simultaneous Selection for Grain Yield and Stability of Finger Millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] Genotypes.docx

Finger millet, an orphan crop, possesses immense potential in mitigating climate change and could offer threefold security in terms of food, fodder, and nutrition. It is mostly cultivated as a subsistence crop in the marginal areas of plains and hills. Considering the changes in climate inclusive of recurrent weather vagaries witnessed every year, it is crucial to select stable, high-yielding, area-specific, finger millet cultivars. Sixty finger millet varieties released across the country were evaluated over six consecutive rainy seasons from 2011 to 2016 at the Agricultural Research Station, Vizianagaram. The genotype × environment interaction (GEI) was found to be significant in the combined ANOVA. Furthermore, the Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis asserted that genotypes and the GEI effects accounted for approximately 89% of the total variation. Strong positive associations were observed in an estimated set of eleven stability parameters which were chosen to identify stable genotypes. Furthermore, Non-parametric and Parametric Simultaneous Selection indices (NP-SSI and P-SSI) were calculated utilizing AMMI-based stability parameter (ASTAB), modified AMMI stability value (MASV), and Modified AMMI Stability Index (MASI) to identify stable high yielders. Both methods had inherent difficulties in ranking genotypes for SSI. To overcome this, the initial culling [i.e., SSI with culling strategy (C-SSI)] of genotypes was introduced for stability. In the C-SSI method, the top ten genotypes were above-average yielders, while those with below-average yield were observed in NP-SSI and P-SSI methods. Similarly, the estimation of best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP)-based simultaneous selections, such as harmonic mean of genotypic values (HMGV), relative performance of genotypic values (RPGV), and harmonic mean of relative performance of genotypic values (HMRPGV), revealed that none of the top ten entries had below-average yield. The study has proven that C-SSI and BLUP-based methods were equally worthy in the selection of high-yielding genotypes with stable performance. However, the C-SSI approach could be the best method to ensure that genotypes with a considerable amount of stability are selected. The multi-year trial SSI revealed that entries Indaf-9, Sri Chaitanya, PR-202, and A-404; and VL324 and VL146 were ascertained to be the most stable high-yielding genotypes among medium-to-late and early maturity groups, respectively.</p

Giving recipient communities a greater head start and including productive species boosts early resistance to invasion

International audienceQuestions: Giving a time advance to restored native plant species has recently been considered a promising way to improve their persistence and reduce invasion success (i.e., through priority effects). However, little is known about the influence of the elapsed time between seeding and invasion and its interaction with other characteristics such as species composition and density, despite the fact that it could substantially help developing effective management strategies. Methods: In a pot experiment, we simulated invasion by three major invasive species (Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Bothriochloa barbinodis, and Cortaderia selloana) in soil covered with recipient communities differing in species composition (one, three or nine species), density (700 or 2,778 seeds/m 2), and time advance (established one or five months previously). We assessed early invasion success by measuring seedling emergence and survival over six months. Results: Early invasion success was mainly explained by recipient community's time advance and composition (or their interaction), while density had limited influence. Polycultures (three or nine species) showed generally greater invasion resistance, most likely due to high above-ground biomass essentially produced by two species. Species composition interacted with time advance in two ways: (a) Bothriochloa barbinodis seedling emergence was impacted by composition only in communities having five months of advance, suggesting that the contribution of species composition to invasion resistance varies according to the age of the community, and (b) Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Cortaderia selloana survival was affected by time advance in polycultures only, which produced much more biomass than monocultures, implying that a greater head start provides a competitive advantage only if it allows a sufficient increase in biomass production. Conclusions: Implementing revegetation as soon as site clearance work is over, as well as establishing productive native species may help reduce invasion success. How much of an advantage recipient community time advance represents depends on biomass production

Statistics pertaining to HPRD growth, experimental types for protein–protein interactions and a breakdown of PTMs

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Human protein reference database—2006 update"</p><p>Nucleic Acids Research 2005;34(Database issue):D411-D414.</p><p>Published online 28 Dec 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1347503.</p><p>© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved</p> () Growth of HPRD over the last 3 years with respect to protein entries, protein–protein interactions and PTMs. () Distribution of protein–protein interactions in HPRD based on the type of the experimental method. () Distribution of various types of PTMs in HPRD. The percentage of the respective PTM is indicated only when it is greater than or equal to 2