<Original Article> Trial of Labor in the Patient with a Prior Cesarean Section

The increasing incidence of cesarean births has become quite controversial. The practice of delivering virtually all women with prior cesarean section by repeat cesarean section is open to debate. To assess the risks and benefits of trial of vaginal birth in patients with prior cesarean section, a retrospective review of the patients delivered at the Yamanashi Medical University Hospital was performed. There were 255 patients, 158 (62%) of whom underwent trial of labor and 134 (84.8%) achieved vaginal delivery. There is no maternal mortality or parinatal mortality attributed the trial oflabor process. The incidence of uterine rupture and scar dehiscene was similar in the trial of labor group and elective repeat cesarean group. We conclude that an active program for trial of labor, with certain exclusion criteria and within the means of our facility, seems to pose no additional risk.journal articl

Preparation and guest binding of novel β-cyclodextrin dimers linked with various sulfur-containing linker moieties

Novel cyclodextrin dimers (1, 2, 3 and 4) whose cyclodextrins were linked with sulfur-containing linkers, namely a thiodipropanamide, a dithiodipropanamide, a thiodiethanamide, or a dithiodiethanamide linker, were synthesized by a reaction of 6-amino-6-deoxycycIoheptaose 7 with the corresponding dicarboxylic acids. For their preparation, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimideand(benzotriazol-l-yloxy) tripyrroIidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate were examined as coupling reagents. 'H NMR studies of the dimers suggested an intramolecular inclusion of the linker moiety to the cyclodextrin cavity, which affected the complexation of guest molecules. Dimer 4 was converted to another type of dimer 5 by reductive cleavage of the disulfide bond to generate thiol group-containing mononieric species followed by a substitution reaction with 6-O-tosyl derivative 6.application/pdfjournal articl

Observation of B0→D*-(5π)+, B+→D*-(4π)++ and B+→D̅*0 (5π)+

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A deregression method for a single-step SNP BLUP model using all genotype data

journal articleFor various applications in dairy cattle evaluation, pseudo-phenotype data are needed for cows with own records or bulls with daughters. The purpose of this paper was to develop a GEBV deregression method for the single-step model using all genotype data. A special single-step SNP BLUP model was assumed in this study to deregress GEBV. All animals with own phenotype data and all genotyped animals including young candidates were considered in the GEBV deregression. The same pedigree file as well as the same genotype data were used in the deregression process as the original single-step evaluation. Thanks to the efficient single-step SNP BLUP model, the proposed GEBV deregression should be feasible for analysing millions of genotyped animals. Methodological and technical issues were addressed, and a validation procedure was proposed for the GEBV deregression method. Analysis of real data will be required to verify the developed GEBV deregression method.journal articl

An iterative method for deregressed proof in single-step genomic BLUP and its application to a dairy cattle population

journal articleThe objective of this study was to describe an iterative algorithm to deregress genomically-enhanced breeding values (GEBV) in single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP). The method is an extension of the previous work by the first two authors, who gave a deregression method in singe-step SNP BLUP. The inverse of the unified relationship matrix (H-1), which is a function of the inverse of genomic relationship matrix (G-1) and the inverse of the additive relationship matrix (A-1), was considered in the deregression method. Effective daughter contribution (ERC) for bulls or effective record contribution (ERC), which are functions of reliability of GEBV, should be used as weights on deregressed proof. The deregression algorithm consists of a series of matrix-vector multiplications, and the number of iterations is expected to be limited. The computational cost of this approach was discussed. Further research is needed to confirm the ‘reversibility’ of deregressed GEBV.journal articl

牛におけるゲノミック選抜法の積極的な活用 : 第4回 ゲノミック選抜の活用戦略

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Application of single-step single nucleotide polymorphism best linear unbiased predictor model with unknown-parent groups for type traits in Japanese Holsteins

journal articleThe objectives of this study were to investigate the computational performance and the predictive ability and bias of a single-step SNP BLUP model (ssSNPBLUP) in genotyped young animals with unknown-parent groups (UPG) for type traits, using national genetic evaluation data from the Japanese Holstein population. The phenotype, genotype, and pedigree data were the same as those used in a national genetic evaluation of linear type traits classified between April 1984 and December 2020. In the current study, 2 data sets were prepared: the full data set containing all entries up to December 2020 and a truncated data set ending with December 2016. Genotyped animals were classified into 3 types: sires with classified daughters (S), cows with records (C), and young animals (Y). The computing performance and prediction accuracy of ssSNPBLUP were compared for the following 3 groups of genotyped animals: sires with classified daughters and young animals (SY); cows with records and young animals (CY); and sires with classified daughters, cows with records, and young animals (SCY). In addition, we tested 3 parameters of residual polygenic variance in ssSNPBLUP (0.1, 0.2, or 0.3). Daughter yield deviations (DYD) for the validation bulls and phenotypes adjusted for all fixed effects and random effects other than animal and residual (Yadj) for the validation cows were obtained using the full data set from the pedigree-based BLUP model. The regression coefficients of DYD for bulls (or Yadj for cows) on the genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV) using the truncated data set were used to measure the inflation of the predictions of young animals. The coefficient of determination of DYD on GEBV was used to measure the predictive ability of the predictions for the validation bulls. The reliability of the predictions for the validation cows was calculated as the square of the correlation between Yadj and GEBV divided by heritability. The predictive ability was highest in the SCY group and lowest in the CY group. However, minimal difference was found in predictive abilities with or without UPG models using different parameters of residual polygenic variance. The regression coefficients approached 1.0 as the parameter of residual polygenic variance increased, but regression coefficients were mostly similar regardless of the use of UPG across the groups of genotyped animals. The ssSNPBLUP model, including UPG, was demonstrated as feasible for implementation in the national evaluation of type traits in Japanese Holsteins.journal articl

牛におけるゲノミック評価における抗病性

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牛におけるゲノミック選抜法の積極的な活用 : 第1回 従来選抜法の問題とゲノミック選抜法への期待

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