SHEAR BEHAVIOR OF RC MEMBERS USING HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE

学位記号番号 : 博理工甲第851号博士の専攻分野の名称 : 博士(学術) 学位授与年月日 : 平成23年9月16日textapplication/pdfthesi

Three Dimensional Motion Analysis of Hand Tremors During Endoscopic Ear Surgery

[Background] Endoscopic surgery is developing in various clinical specialties. During ear endoscopic surgery, a surgeon has to hold an endoscope with one hand and operate the surgical instruments with another hand. Therefore, the stability of the surgeon’s hand affects the field of surgical view and quality of the surgery considerably. There are few techniques which are used during surgery to stabilize the endoscope. However, no study has evaluated the efficacy of such techniques in detail. This study examined the three dimensional movement of an endoscope to compare and evaluate the effect of various stabilization techniques to reduce the hand tremor while using the endoscope. [Methods] A non-randomized controlled trial involving 15 medical students was conducted in Tottori University, Japan. Subjects held an endoscope with their non-dominant hand and manipulated it using three different stabilization techniques i.e. with resting the elbow on the table, resting the endoscope on the ear canal, both with the elbow on the table and endoscope on the ear canal. For the control, subjects were made to use the endoscope without any stabilization technique. The endoscopic movement was measured with and without using the stabilization techniques. [Results] The results obtained in this study indicated that manipulating the endoscope with resting the elbow on the table restrains both vertical (Y-axis) and optical axis (Z-axis) direction of tremor, and manipulating the endoscope by resting it on the ear canal restrains both vertical (Y-axis) and horizontal axis (X-axis) direction while the combined use of both the techniques reduces the endoscope movement in all the three X, Y and Z axes. [Conclusion] In conclusion, concomitant use of both techniques appears to be clinically beneficial in endoscopic ear surgery.journal articl

Relationship between bird species diversity and forest development stages in a Hinoki cypress plantation in Utsunomiya University Forests at Funyu, Japan

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Study of time-dependent CP-violating asymmetries in b→sq̅q decays

journal articl

Examples of Family Expansions with Good or Poor Correlation with the Number of Different Cell Types

<p>There are 194 superfamilies with good (<i>R</i> ≥ 0.80; [A]) and 555 superfamilies with poor or negative (<i>R</i> ≤ 0.20; [B]) correlation with the number of different cell types, and the diagrams shows 15 examples of each. Some of the peaks are annotated in italics. The genomes are in the same order as in <a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.0020048#pcbi-0020048-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>A. The lines between counts of domain abundance are for better visualisation only. Abbreviations are as in <a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.0020048#pcbi-0020048-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>.</p

Christine Vogel.

<p>Photo courtesy of Christine Vogel.</p

Motivation and Outline of the Analysis

<div><p>(A) The number of genes and eukaryotic complexity are uncorrelated. The figure displays for 38 eukaryotic genomes the estimated number of different cell types [<a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.0020048#pcbi-0020048-b028" target="_blank">28</a>,<a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.0020048#pcbi-0020048-b029" target="_blank">29</a>] in relation to the predicted total number of genes. The tree indicates, in a simplified form, the phylogenetic relationships between the organisms as taken from the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy server (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy</a>). The order of the organisms is the same in all figures and tables; their major groups are: plants (green), protozoa (blue), fungi (black), and animals (red and brown). The correlation between the number of different cell types and the number of genes is poor (<i>R²</i> = 0.29, <i>R</i> = 0.54).</p><p>Within the plants, we distinguish green algae <i>(Cre, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii),</i> and flowering plants <i>(Osa, O. sativa; Ath, Arabidopsis thaliana).</i> We include eight protozoa <i>(Ddi, Dictyostelium discoideum; Tbr, Trypanosoma brucei; Lma, Leishmania major; Pra, Phytophthora ramorum; Tps, Thalassiosira pseudonana; Ehi, Entamoeba histolytica; Tan, Theileria annulata; Pfa, Plasmodium falciparum),</i> and ten fungi <i>(Ncr, Neurospora crassa; Eni, Emericella nidulans; Spo, Schizosaccharomyces pombe; Sce, S. cerevisiae; Kla, Kluyveromyces lactis; Cal, Candida albicans; Yli, Yarrowia lipolytica; Ecu, Encephalitozoon cuniculi; Pch, Phanerochaete chrysosporium; Uma, Ustilago maydis).</i> Protostomia include two nematodes <i>(Cbr, Caenorhabditis briggsae; Cel, C. elegans),</i> and three insects <i>(Ame, Apis mellifera; Aga, Anopheles gambiae; Dme, D. melanogaster).</i> Deuterostomia include one urochordate <i>(Cin, Ciona intestinalis),</i> and 11 vertebrates, among which six are mammals <i>(Dre, Danio rerio; Tni, Tetraodon nigroviridis; Tru, Takifugu rubripes; Xtr, Xenopus tropicalis; Gga, Gallus gallus;</i> and <i>Cfa, Canis familiaris; Bta, Bos taurus; Rno, Rattus norvegicus; Mmu, Mus musculus; Ptr, Pan troglodytes;</i> and <i>Hsa, H. sapiens,</i> respectively).</p><p>(B) Outline of our analysis. For each of the 38 genomes (three, symbolised by circles), we collected information on the number of proteins (lines with boxes) that contain domains of particular superfamilies (boxes of particular colour). The resulting abundance profiles were normalised and compared both to the estimated number of different cell types in each organism, and to each other. Analysis of function of particular groups of domain superfamilies gives information on how their expansion in some organisms may have supported an increase in organismal complexity.</p></div

Domain Superfamilies Show Different Expansion Patterns

<p>The matrix shows the 299 largest domain superfamilies that occur in ≥25 proteins in at least one of the genomes, hierarchically clustered. Each row represents one superfamily. Colour-coded profiles show the normalised abundance of each domain superfamily across the different eukaryotic genomes: white, low relative abundance; blue, high relative abundance. Each column represents one genome. All genomes are abbreviated and organised as in <a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.0020048#pcbi-0020048-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>A. A grouping of superfamily pairs with <i>R</i> ≥ 0.90 results in 26 clusters, and the three largest clusters are indicated in red boxes: expansions in vertebrates (52 superfamilies) and expansions in plants (33 superfamilies), and expansions in vertebrates and plants (26 superfamilies). Further descriptions can be found in <a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.0020048#pcbi-0020048-t004" target="_blank">Table 4</a> and at <a href="http://polaris.icmb.utexas.edu/people/cvogel/HV" target="_blank">http://polaris.icmb.utexas.edu/people/cvogel/HV</a>.</p

Some Family Expansions Correlate Well with the Number of Different Cell Types in Each Organism

<p>For each of the 1,219 domain superfamilies and their profile of abundance in the 38 genomes, we calculated the correlation coefficient <i>R</i> of the profile with the number of different cell types per organism. The distribution of <i>R</i> values is plotted in black. For the subset of largest superfamilies (i.e., those with at least 25 proteins in one of the genomes) the distribution of <i>R</i> values is shown in red. There are few superfamilies with high correlation (<i>R</i> ≥ 0.80), and many with poor correlation or slight anticorrelation (<i>R</i> ≤ 0.20); this distribution is similar for both sets of superfamilies.</p

ジツカンキョウ ジョウホウ オ モチイタ オクガイ セッチ ステレオ カメラ ノ コウセイホウ

奈良先端科学技術大学院大学修士(工学)master thesi