In Vitro Developmental Model of the Gastrointestinal Tract from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

2007-10Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent and retain their potential to form cells, tissues and organs originated from three embryonic germ layers. Recently, we developed in vitro organ -gut‐like structures- from mouse ES cells. They had basically similar morphological features to a mouse gastrointestinal tract in vivo composed of three distinct layers (i.e., epithelium, connective tissue and musculature). Gut‐like structures showed spontaneous contractions derived from pacemaker cells (interstitial cells of Cajal) in the musculature. We also examined their formation process and expression pattern of transcription factors crucial for gut organogenesis such as Id2, Sox17, HNF3β/Foxa2 and GATA4. We found that they mimic the development of embryonic gut in vivo and showed a similar expression pattern of common transcription factors. They also maintain their developmental potential after transplantation to a renal capsule. Therefore, gut‐like structures are suitable for in vitro models of gastrointestinal tracts and their development. In addition, we pointed out several unique features different from gut in vivo that provide useful and advantageous tools to investigate the developmental mechanism of the gastrointestinal tract.departmental bulletin pape

Analog Computer Simulation of a Separately Excited D-C Motor Driven by Square Wave Voltage

application/pdfBulletin of University of Osaka Prefecture. Series A, Engineering and natural sciences. 1973, 21(2), p.233-240departmental bulletin pape

The theory and practice of program evaluation in Japan：comprehensive evaluation in the central government

日本の中央府省が行う政策評価制度における「総合評価」は、評価理論において「評価のプロトタイプ」とされるプログラム評価に該当し、政策の効果の把握、問題点の発見、情報提供といった機能が主に期待されている。しかしながら、2002年度からの総合評価の実施状況を見れば、その実施件数は低調であり、近年は減少傾向に転じている。また、実際の評価書を見れば、政策のアウトプットだけの記載にとどまる業績測定と変わらない内容であるため、政策効果の把握方法が不十分であり、それに伴い問題点の発見が不十分となっている例や、十分に情報提供機能が発揮されていない評価が一部で今なお存在する。このような状態になっている背景・原因には、評価を実施する体制（人員、資金、時間）が不十分であることだけでなく、近年の「評価」の名を冠した業績測定や政策分析の普及や、プログラム評価の手法や概念の認識不足、プログラム評価は外部が行うという風潮などがあげられる。したがって、これらの課題を克服し、プログラム評価としての総合評価を浸透させるためには、プログラムの概念や総合評価の役割を再認識するとともに、業績測定との連携や役割分担について検討すべきである。また、評価を実施すること自体を法令にあらかじめ規定しておくなど、その実施を制度的に組み込んでおくといった方策も考えられる。論説(Article)application/pdfdepartmental bulletin pape

可溶性鉛フタロシアニンの電荷移動準位

吸収, 電場変調スペクトルを波形分離することにより, 可溶性鉛フタロシアニンをポリマーにドープした薄膜の近赤外域に存在する電荷移動準位の検討を行った. この近赤外域の電荷移動は, フタロシアニン分子のコフェイシャルなパッキング状態下において起こり, 電荷はフタロシアニン環平面に垂直な方向に移動している, ということを示す結果が得られた.copyright(c)1992 IEICE 許諾番号：08RB0034　http://search.ieice.org/index.htmltextapplication/pdfjournal articl

Observation of Time-Dependent CP Violation in B0K0 Decays and Improved Measurements of CP Asymmetries in B0K0, KKK and B0J/K0 Decays

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The Characteristics and the Signifi cance of Eating-Out Behavior in the University Students

text紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paperdepartmental bulletin pape

Justice and Distribution

departmental bulletin pape

Structural Investigation of HCN Polymer Isotopomers by Solution-State Multidimensional NMR

Hydrogen cyanide is considered as an important precursor to amino acids and nucleic acids, and its polymers could have profound implications on prebiotic chemistry. Several structures of HCN polymers are speculated, but these structures are disparate both chemically as well as structurally. Here, we employ solution-state NMR spectroscopy to investigate the structure of HCN polymers with ¹³C and ¹⁵N isotopic enrichment. From the multinuclear and multidimensional NMR investigations, we identify some discrete structural units for the most concentrated small molecular components and suggest that the dominating polymers are polyimine chain-like structures, which are formed by base-catalyzed nucleophilic addition reactions

4-Oxo-2-nonenal Is Both More Neurotoxic and More Protein Reactive than 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal

Electrophilic aldehydes, generated from oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains under conditions of oxidative stress, bind to proteins and polynucleotides and can lead to cell death. 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and 4-oxo-2-nonenal (ONE) have been shown here to be toxic to human neuroblastoma cells in culture at low micromolar concentrations. ONE is 4−5 times more neurotoxic at concentrations near the threshold of lethality. The reactions of these two aldehydes with two model proteins, ribonuclease A and β-lactoglobulin, and their Lys ε-dimethylamino derivatives, have been followed spectrophotometrically. On the basis of t1/2 measurements for the disappearance of the α,β-unsaturated chromophore, ONE is 6−31 times more reactive with these proteins. The fastest reaction of ONE with proteins involves Schiff base formation at Lys ε-amino groups, whereas Schiff base formation is not spectroscopically apparent for HNE. Detailed kinetic studies of the initial reactions of HNE and ONE have been carried out with amino acids and amino acid surrogates. Whereas the reactions with imidazole and thiol nucleophiles involve straightforward Michael adduct formation, kinetics analyses reveal the reversibility of both the HNE Michael adduction of amines and the ONE Schiff base adduction of amines. Although ONE is more reactive than HNE toward conjugate addition of imidazole and thiol nucleophiles, it is less reactive than HNE toward Lys/amine Michael adduction. The greater neurotoxicity of ONE could reflect in part the different reactivity characteristics of ONE as compared to HNE

建築物の言語描写における<間>の多義性

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