Observation of b→dγ and Determination of |Vtd/Vts|

journal articl

Design on Takara Copper Mine（寶銅山計画）

東京帝国大学工科大学種別:卒業論文thesi

定位反応に及ぼす内示反応と外示反応の課題教示の効果（2）－複数モダリティでの刺激提示事態について－

1992-03The purpose of this study is to identify the occurrence of "alertive" orienting response(OR)by electrodermal response(EDR) in relation to overt and covert task instructions. All of the 36 subjects received two stimuli(figure and tone) during both habituation and test sessions. After the habituation session, subjects were assigned to one of the following three groups for the test session: (1)The Key-Press(KP)group, in which the subjects were required to press a key to the offset of either one(test stimulus)of two stimuli; (2)The Perceptual-Judgement(PJ)group which estimated the perceived duration of the test stimulus; (3)The Neutral-Instruction(NI)group which was asked to to nothing to the stimulus presentations. Results are: KP and PJ groups indicated significant increases of EDR magnitudes to the test stimulus when compared to those of observed in NI group. Only KP showed significantly increased magnitudes of EDR to the nontest stimulus. This augmentation represented the elicitation of "alertive OR." The present and previous findings suggest that the alertive OR is evoked clearly by the overt task under bimodal presentation, but not by the covert one. However, the response profiles by covert and overt tasks showed some differences during test session and this may suggest that further study should be needed for examining effects of tasks on the response habituation.departmental bulletin pape

Identification of astrocyte-expressed factors that modulate neural stem/progenitor cell differentiation.

Multipotent neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) can be isolated from many regions of the adult central nervous system (CNS), yet neurogenesis is restricted to the hippocampus and subventricular zone in vivo. Identification of the molecular cues that modulate NSPC fate choice is a prerequisite for their therapeutic applications. Previously, we demonstrated that primary astrocytes isolated from regions with higher neuroplasticity, such as newborn and adult hippocampus and newborn spinal cord, promoted neuronal differentiation of adult NSPCs, whereas astrocytes isolated from the nonneurogenic region of the adult spinal cord inhibited neural differentiation. To identify the factors expressed by these astrocytes that could modulate NSPC differentiation, we performed gene expression profiling analysis using Affymetrix rat genome arrays. Our results demonstrated that these astrocytes had distinct gene expression profiles. We further tested the functional effects of candidate factors that were differentially expressed in neurogenesis-promoting and -inhibiting astrocytes using in vitro NSPC differentiation assays. Our results indicated that two interleukins, IL-1beta and IL-6, and a combination of factors that included these two interleukins could promote NSPC neuronal differentiation, whereas insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 (IGFBP6) and decorin inhibited neuronal differentiation of adult NSPCs. Our results have provided further evidence to support the ongoing hypothesis that, in adult mammalian brains, astrocytes play critical roles in modulating NSPC differentiation. The finding that cytokines and chemokines expressed by astrocytes could promote NSPC neuronal differentiation may help us to understand how injuries induce neurogenesis in adult brains.journal articl

Effects of habitual darts training on cognitive function in elderly people

本研究は高齢者における定期的なダーツトレーニングが認知機能に及ぼす影響を検討したものである．被験者は男性17名，女性34名の計51名（70.8 ± 4.8歳）とし，被験者の日程の都合によりダーツトレーニング群35名とコントロール群16名にランダムに分類した．ダーツトレーニング開始前に1）Simple Cognitive Test,2）短期記憶テスト，3）引き算テストを行い，ダーツトレーニング開始後，1ヶ月時点と2ヶ月時点で同様のテストを実施した．ダーツトレーニングは監視型ダーツトレーニング（60分/日，1日/週）と自己統制型トレーニング（30分/日，2－3日/週）実施した．両者を平均するとダーツ1ゲームあたり15分として，6ゲーム/週行っていた計算となった．1ゲームあたりの引き算回数は平均7回であったので，1週間に合計42回の引き算を行った計算となった．2元配置分散分析の結果，Simple Cognitive Testと引き算テストには両軍艦に有意な差異は認められなかったが，短期記憶テストには交互作用が認められ，ダーツトレーニンググループは開始前から1ヶ月後および2ヶ月後にかけて有意に改善し，コントロール群に比較して大きな改善度となった．これらの結果から，2ヶ月間の定期的なダーツトレーニングは高齢者の認知機能の改善に有効である可能性が示唆された．This study examined the effects of 2 months of habitual darts training on cognitive function in elderly people. Totally 51 elderly people consisting 17 men and 34 women，aged 70.8 ± 4.8 years old，were randomly divided into darts training group (13 men，22 women，71.4±4.5 years old) and control group (4 men and 12 women，aged 69.8±6.6 years old) depending their own schedule. Before initiating darts training，subjects were asked to conduct three different kinds of cognitive function tests，i.e.，1) simple cognitive test (card selecting test depending on the color and shape)，2) short-term memory test，and 3) subtraction test consisting 30 sets of double to triple digits. Same tests were conducted after 1 and 2 months after the darts training. Darts training was consisted from 1) supervised training for 60 minutes/day and 1 day/week and 2) self-selected darts training at home for 30 minutes/day，2-3 days/week. On average of both trainings，one darts game was 15 minutes，6 darts game/week. This means 7 times subtraction/1 game and 42 subtraction/week during darts game. Two ways ANOVA tests revealed no significant interaction in simple cognitive function test and subtraction test between two groups，however，significant interaction between groups was found in short-term memory test. It increased significantly from pre to 1 month and 2 month later. The magnitude of improvement short-term memory test in darts training group was higher than that of control group. These results suggested that 2 months of habitual darts training may improve short term (working) memory，one of the executive function，in elderly people.application/pdfdepartmental bulletin pape