Sex differences in cervical spinal cord and spinal canal development in Thoroughbred horses

Cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy (CVSM), a common cause of cervical spinal cord compression, is a neurological disease characterized by general proprioceptive ataxia and weakness of hindlimbs that tends to develop in young adult Thoroughbred horses. Although male horses seem to be at increased risk for CVSM, the mechanism for the occurrence of sex differences in the prevalence of CVSM is still poorly understood. Hence, we hypothesized that sex differences in the development of cervical spinal cord and spinal canal would affect the development of CVSM. This study aimed to evaluate sex differences in the development of cervical spinal cord and spinal canal in Thoroughbred horses. A total of 29 Thoroughbred horses underwent computed tomographic myelography. Thereafter, the volumes of cervical spinal cord and spinal canal were calculated. Accordingly, male horses had significantly lager cervical spinal cord volume and cervical spinal cord-to-spinal canal volume ratio than those of female horses (P<0.05). Sex differences in the cervical spinal cord-to-spinal canal volume ratio gradually decreased until around 1,400 days of age. Younger male horses have narrower interspace between the cervical spinal cord and spinal canal than younger female horses, suggesting that an imbalanced cervical spinal cord and spinal canal growth is one of the causes of CVSM.journal articl

Investigation of a contributing factor for cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy using computed tomography for measuring the cervical vertebral volume

Thoroughbred horses appear to be particularly predisposed to cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy (CVSM), also known as wobbler syndrome. We hypothesized that variations in the cervical vertebral volumes can affect the dynamic instability of the cervical vertebrae. This observational study aimed to clarify whether cervical vertebral volume could be considered as a contributing factor in CVSM in Thoroughbred horses. Computed tomography (CT) was used to investigate a total of 21 male Thoroughbred horses (age range, 217-1,002 days; mean, 542.3 days). The study population comprised 17 CVSM horses (age range, 217-1,002 days; mean, 549.8 days) and 4 non-CVSM horses (age range, 244-682 days; mean, 510.5 days). The cervical vertebral volumes of three-dimensional CT were measured using the image-processing software. A significant difference in the variation of cervical vertebral volumes among C2 to C4 and C3 to C5 was identified in the CVSM group (P<0.05). While no significant differences were found in the variation in cervical vertebral volumes among C4 to C6. C3 demonstrated a significantly smaller cervical vertebral volume than C2 and C4 (P<0.05). In the non-CVSM group, no significant differences were found in the variation of cervical vertebral volume among C2 to C4, C3 to C5, and C4 to C6. Our findings suggest that variations in cranial cervical vertebral volume in CVSM male horses can be considered as an important contributing factor in CVSM development.journal articl

Antemortem diagnosis of external iliac arterial thromboembolism in a calf using contrast-enhanced computed tomography: a case report

A 28-day-old Holstein calf with astasia (i.e., right hind limb flaccid paralysis) was referred to Large Animal Veterinary Educational Center. Thoracic radiographs showed an alveolar pattern and air bronchograms indicating pneumonia, whereas skeletal radiography showed muscle atrophy of the right hind limb but no abnormalities in the coxofemoral and stifle joints. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed the pulmonary abscess in the right cranial pulmonary lobe and a thrombus (5 × 5 × 20 mm) in the right external iliac artery distal to the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta. These findings were confirmed via pathological examination. Streptococcus bovis/equinus complex colonies were isolated from the thrombus and pulmonary abscess. Thus, the pulmonary abscess was considered the infectious source of the thromboembolism in the right external iliac artery. Arterial thromboembolism should be included in the differential diagnoses in calves with astasia but without radiographic skeletal abnormalities.journal articl

Excretory urography can track down morphological changes in the urinary bladder associated with urachal anomalies in calves for early diagnosis

OBJECTIVE To investigate radiographic detection by excretory urography of morphological changes in the urinary bladder associated with urachal anomalies in calves. METHODS Excretory urography was performed to detect morphological changes in the urinary bladder of 13 calves, of which 6 were nondysuric with swelling of umbilical region and 7 were dysuric without clinical umbilical swelling from November 2022 through April 2024. RESULTS The urinary bladder was delineated in all 13 calves after excretory urography. The aspect ratios (length:height), which objectively evaluate the shape of the urinary bladder, ranged from 1.08 to 2.43 (1.90 in average) and 1.34 to 11.89 (4.75 in average) in nondysuric and dysuric calves, respectively. The ratios of calves with nondysuric were significantly lower than those of dysuric (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Excretory urography could play an important role in evaluating abnormal morphological changes due to urachus anomalies in the urinary bladder of calves. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Among calves with dysuria, urachal anomaly should be included in the differential diagnosis. Excretory urography is proposed as an alternative option for early diagnosis among calves presenting with dysuria to improve livestock productivity.journal articl

堺第7-3区埋立処分場Hポンドにおける水環境の診断

application/pdf堺北臨海部地区第7-3区産業廃棄物埋立跡地Hポンドにおいて,とくに植物栽培の可能性の視点から水環境の現状を把握するために,ポンド内の地下水および土壌水の水質を調査するとともに,降雨,蒸発散,土壌水分変化,地下水位変化を観測し(2003年8月26日～2004年1月14日),水収支を計算した。7-3区Hポンドでは,地下水,土壌水ともにpH, EC, COD, T-Nの非イオン項目の値,およびNa^+, Cl^-, K^+, Ca^, SO_4^のイオン成分濃度が著しく高かった。各イオン成分の溶存比から,Na^+およびCl^-はポンド内に残留した海水による影響であり,他の成分は土中の廃棄物からの溶出などの影響によるものと推察された。一方,観測期間中(142日)の総降雨量は458mm,総蒸発散量は154mm,ポンドからの総流出水量は308mm,ポンド内の貯水量変化は-5mmとなり,少降雨の月には蒸発散量が降雨を上回ることもあった。また,ポンド内の地下水位は地下2.4m付近を推移しており,降雨時には地下1.7m付近まで上昇することもあった。本地区の水環境は植物生育にとって極めて過酷な状態にあり,乾燥地の塩類集積と似た現象が生じる可能性が高いので,本地区での植物栽培にあたっては,灌漑や排水の管理,栽培に適した培地の客土などの対応が必要である。This study evaluates water environment condition in the Sakai District No. 7-3 Landfill Site, especially, from the view of possibility of sustainable plant cultivation. In this study, subsurface water quality, soil water quality, and water balance at the H pond, which is one of the sections in the landfill, were surveyed. For the water balance calculation, rainfall(R), evapotranspiration (ET), soil water contents, and ground water level at the pond were observed from 26^ Aug. 2003 to 14^ Jan. 2004. The result of water quality analysis showed that values for pH, EC, COD, T-N, and dominant ions (Na^+, Cl^-, K^+, Ca^, SO_4^) concentration were very high in both subsurface water and soil water. The relative ratio of each ion to Br- suggested that Na^+ and Cl^- were affected by residue of sea water in the pond and Ca^ and SO_4^ were by elution from industrial wastes in the soil. During the observation period (142 days), total R was 458mm, total ET was 154mm, total outflow from the pond was 308mm, and changes in water storage was -5mm. In the month with least rainfall, monthly ET was beyond monthly R. The ground water level was fluctuating around 2.4m under the ground, and in case that intensive rainfall occurred, it came up to around 1.7m. The water environment condition is very severe for sustainable plant cultivation, since it should not be reasonable to deny possibility of salinization in arid land. Accordingly, in order to achieve sustainable plant cultivation in this pond, some measures such as irrigation and drainage management and/or soil dressing are necessary.大阪府立大学大学院農学生命科学研究科学術報告. 2004, 56, p.45-55departmental bulletin pape

Observation of b→dγ and Determination of |Vtd/Vts|

journal articl

An Essay on Zuiho Gold Mine Formosa（瑞芳金山計画）

東京帝国大学工科大学種別:卒業論文thesi

マルクスの宗教理解について（二）

1983-03departmental bulletin pape

A Hydrolysis-Resistant Terminal ME Bond (M = Nb; E = S, Se: M = Ta; E = S) in a Chalcogenido-Substituted Mixed-Metal Polyoxoanion

A Hydrolysis-Resistant Terminal ME Bond (M = Nb; E = S, Se:  M = Ta; E = S) in a Chalcogenido-Substituted Mixed-Metal Polyoxoanio

Deoxygenation of Polynuclear Metal−Oxo Anions: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of the Condensed Polyoxoanion [(C₄H₉)₄N]₄(NbW₅O₁₈)₂O

The deoxygenation of the mixed-metal polyoxoanion [(C4H9)4N]3NbW5O19 with benzoyl chloride in dichloromethane forms quantitatively the condensed polyoxanion [(C4H9)4N]4(NbW5O18)2O, in which two polyoxoanion fragments are linked together by a Nb−O−Nb oxo bridge. The product is characterized by a strong IR band at 692 cm-1 assigned to a Nb−O−Nb stretch and a broad single 93Nb NMR resonance at 975 ppm. Partial hydrolysis of [(C4H9)4N]4(NbW5O18)2O to NbW5O19O3- in wet acetonitrile was observed by IR and 17O NMR spectroscopy. The reaction of [(C4H9)4N]4(NbW5O18)2O with a variety of alcohols and phenol forms alkoxide-derivatized polyoxoanions [(C4H9)4N]2Nb(OR)W5O18 (R = methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cholesteryl, phenyl). The similarity of the IR spectra of these deriviatives suggests that functionalization occurs at the terminal NbO oxygen. A crystallographic study of [(C4H9)4N]4(NbW5O18)2O revealed a crystallographically imposed linear Nb−O−Nb oxo bridge (Nb−Obridge = 1.887(3) Å) and a structure in which the terminal tungsten−oxo bonds on the adjoining polyoxoanion fragments are eclipsed. Crystal data:  orthorhombic, Cmca; Z = 4, a = 15.817(2) Å, b = 17.870(2) Å, c = 35.058(2) Å; V = 9928.0(10) Å3; R = 5.52%