MULTI-TeV GAMMA-RAY OBSERVATION FROM THE CRAB NEBULA USING THE TIBET-III AIR SHOWER ARRAY FINELY TUNED BY THE COSMIC RAY MOON'S SHADOW

http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/0004-637X/692/1/61 | http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/0004-637X/692/1/61The Tibet-III air shower array, consisting of 533 scintillation detectors, has been operating successfully at Yangbajing in Tibet, China since 1999. Using the data set collected by this array from 1999 November through 2005 November, we obtained the energy spectrum of gamma-rays from the Crab Nebula, expressed by a power law as (dJ/dE) = (2.09 +/- 0.32) x 10(-12)(E/3 TeV)(-2.96 +/- 0.14) cm(-2) s(-1) TeV-1 in the energy range of 1.7-40 TeV. This result is consistent with other independent gamma-ray observations by imaging air Cherenkov telescopes. In this paper, we carefully checked and tuned the performance of the Tibet-III array using data on the Moon's shadow in comparison with a detailed Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. The shadow is shifted to the west of the Moon's apparent position as an effect of the geomagnetic field, although the extent of this displacement depends on the primary energy of positively charged cosmic rays. This finding enables us to estimate the systematic error in determining the primary energy from its shower size. This error is estimated to be less than +/- 12% in our experiment. This energy scale estimation is the first attempt among cosmic ray experiments at ground level. The systematic pointing error is also estimated to be smaller than 0 degrees.011. The deficit rate and the position of the Moon's shadow are shown to be very stable within a statistical error of +/- 6% year by year. This guarantees the long-term stability of pointlike source observation with the Tibet-III array. These systematic errors are adequately taken into account in our study of the Crab Nebula.textapplication/pdfjournal articl

抗うつ薬の使用と２型糖尿病の発症リスク： 日本の大規模データベースを用いたコホート研究

University of Yamanashi (山梨大学)博士(医学)医工博4甲第268号thesi

Nagoya Law Court, Decision, December 24, 2020

departmental bulletin pape

Usefulness of combining computed tomography and air sac fluid examination to rule out aspergillosis: case study in two gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) with respiratory clinical signs

Pulmonary aspergillosis occurring in captive penguins living in zoos and aquariums is a fatal disease owing to its high mortality rate. On conducting computed tomography, two gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) with respiratory clinical signs that were housed at an aquarium in Hokkaido, Japan were found to have a certain amount of fluid in their air sacs. This fluid was collected and cultured for bacteria and fungi, the results of which both came back negative. These results enabled us to rule out bacterial infection or aspergillosis and supported our decision not to administer antibacterial and antifungal drugs. Overall, the combination of computed tomography and air sac fluid examination was useful for ruling out bacterial infection or aspergillosis in penguins with respiratory clinical signs.journal articl

Improved Search for νμ→νe Oscillation in a Long-Baseline Accelerator Experiment

journal articl

Design on Metallurgy of Obie Copper Mine（帯江銅山冶金計画）

東京帝国大学工科大学種別:卒業論文thesi

舗床モザイクをめぐる試論（第一部―上―）

1974-03-31departmental bulletin pape

<論文> 標準化にともなう企業推移と技術普及 ：車載エレクトロニクスに関する実装知識の担い手の役割

本稿では、標準を通じたビジネス・エコシステムの発達について検討するために、EU における車載エレクトロニクスのコンセンサス標準（AUTOSAR）の事例について検討した。コンセンサス標準は、様々なプレーヤーが共通の利益を実現することを狙いとするものである。このため、標準化推進企業（ここではコンセンサス標準の推進企業）のみが有利に事業を展開できるとは限らない。本稿では、こうした点に注目し、技術の標準化から実装を通じた技術の普及が進むまでの過程について、参加企業の推移を検討した。その結果、当初の標準化推進企業以外に、実装による活用を促したり、標準の実装に徹して製品化や事業化を進めるプレーヤーが増加するなかで、標準化された技術の普及が進むことが明らかになった。こうした発見は、まず、①コンセンサス標準は、共有されるべき基本的な技術仕様のセットとしての「枠組み」標準であり、直ちに標準化された技術にもとづく製品化や事業化を可能にするものではないことを示唆している。このため、②標準化推進企業は、製品化のための実装知識を担うプラットフォームの提供企業や実装メーカーとは、本来区別されるべきであると考えられる。コンセンサス標準の推進そのものは、企業の競争力に貢献するとは限らない。ただし、本稿では、見かけ上の標準のオープンさにもかかわらず、③標準化推進企業やその関連企業は、製品化するための実装知識をコントロールし、事業を優位に進めている可能性があることも明らかになった。このように標準化推進企業の役割は小さくないものの、コンセンサス標準にもとづくビジネス・エコシステムの発達を理解するには、標準化推進企業の活動や戦略を理解するだけでは不十分である。合わせて、実装知識を担ったり活用することで、製品化や事業化を進めている企業について、その役割、戦略、およびネットワークを理解する必要がある。The article attempts to elucidate the deployment of a business ecosystem by examining the case of a consensus standard:an automotive ECU standard, AUTOSAR, by the EU. A consensus standard aims at achieving common benefits of firms,which means that a standardization leader is not necessarily a sole winner to enjoy its business. Taking account of such aprinciple, the article considers the transition of participant firms along with the process from the standard setting to thetechnology diffusion. The result shows that the standardized technologies diffuse along with the increase of players, otherthan initial standard-setting leaders, which encourage the implementation of the standard and/or exploit the standard todevelop their products and business. These results suggest that (1) a consensus standard is no more than a “framework”standard as a set of shared basic technology specifications, and thus such a standard does not directly help the implementationto develop products and business. Therefore, (2) a standardization leader can be different from platform suppliersand product manufacturers which develop their products and business by exercising their implementation knowledge.Leading standardization per se does not necessarily bear the competitive advantage of a standardization leader. Yet, at thesame time, in spite of the appearance of the openness of a consensus standard, (3) a standardization leader and relevantplayers may enjoy their business advantages by controlling the knowledge to accelerate the implementation. These findingsshow that the attempt to explicate the deployment of a business ecosystem based on a consensus standard needs tonot only understand the activities and strategies of a standardization leader but also investigate into the roles, strategiesand networks of firms with implementation knowledge which drives the products and business development based onstandardized technologies.departmental bulletin pape

Cytokinins Control Endocycle Onset by Promoting the Expression of an APC/C Activator in Arabidopsis Roots

Plant roots respond to various internal and external signals and adjust themselves to changes of environmental conditions. In the root meristem, stem cells produce daughter cells that continue to divide several times. When these latter cells reach the transition zone, they stop dividing and enter the endocycle, a modified cell cycle in which DNA replication is repeated without mitosis or cytokinesis. The resultant DNA polyploidization, named endoreduplication, is usually associated with an increase of nuclear and cell volume and with cell differentiation [1,2,3,4]. At the transition zone, cytokinin signaling activates two transcription factors, type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 1 (ARR1) and ARR12, and induces SHY2/IAA3, a member of the Aux/IAA family of auxin signaling repressors. This inhibits auxin signaling and reduces the expression of auxin efflux carriers, resulting in cell division arrest [5]. Such counteracting actions of two hormones are assumed to determine meristem size. However, it remains unknown whether cytokinins additionally control meristem size through an auxin-independent pathway. Here we show that, in Arabidopsis, the cytokinin-activated ARR2 directly upregulates the expression of CCS52A1, which encodes an activator of an E3 ubiquitin ligase, anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) [6], thereby promoting the onset of the endocycle and restricting meristem size. Our genetic data revealed that CCS52A1 function is independent of SHY2-mediated control of auxin signaling, indicating that downregulation of auxin signaling and APC/C-mediated degradation of cell-cycle regulators cooperatively promote endocycle onset, and thus fine tune root growth.journal articl

Analysis of IFT74 as a candidate gene for chromosome 9p-linked ALS-FTD.

BACKGROUND: A new locus for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis--frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD) has recently been ascribed to chromosome 9p. METHODS: We identified chromosome 9p segregating haplotypes within two families with ALS-FTD (F476 and F2) and undertook mutational screening of candidate genes within this locus. RESULTS: Candidate gene sequencing at this locus revealed the presence of a disease segregating stop mutation (Q342X) in the intraflagellar transport 74 (IFT74) gene in family 476 (F476), but no mutation was detected within IFT74 in family 2 (F2). While neither family was sufficiently informative to definitively implicate or exclude IFT74 mutations as a cause of chromosome 9-linked ALS-FTD, the nature of the mutation observed within F476 (predicted to truncate the protein by 258 amino acids) led us to sequence the open reading frame of this gene in a large number of ALS and FTD cases (n = 420). An additional sequence variant (G58D) was found in a case of sporadic semantic dementia. I55L sequence variants were found in three other unrelated affected individuals, but this was also found in a single individual among 800 Human Diversity Gene Panel samples. CONCLUSION: Confirmation of the pathogenicity of IFT74 sequence variants will require screening of other chromosome 9p-linked families.</p