Original Article

The present paper deals with an investigation on the changes appearing in the mucous membrane of the nose (physiologic atrophy) in normal persons of different age groups, as contrasted with a wasting of the mucous mambrane of the nose in cases of atrophic rhinitis. The investigation has been performed for the purpose of contributing to the studies of the pathology of atrophic rhinitis. 1. Pathologic changes of a considerable degree were. observed in the epithelium in quite a large section of infants and children where it had been considered normal as a results of macroscopic examinations. 2. Metaplasia of the epithelial cells developing in the mucous membrane in the forepart of the respiratory region seems to occur as a result of the stimulus applied from without. The phenomenon was marked in the front and along the lower edge of the inferior turbinal, showing a tendency to increase in magnitude as the age advance. It did not, however, spread over a wide area, nor was there any marked development of cornification. An increase in mucus secretion, as well as in the number of goblet cells, was noticed in the epithelium as the age advance. Mucous degeneration gradually set in at the end of forties, becoming marked in the sixties. 4. In the basal membrane, the hyaline layer, which is its secondary form, grew in size with age, and a substance which stains with Hale\u27s stain was detected in it. This substance seems to have an important share in the mucus secreting function of the epithelium. 5. It seems that the epithelium of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract continues to function even in considerably advanced ages. 6. The lymphoid tissue situated underneath the epithelium attained the largest quantity in persons about 20 years old; it began to diminish and grow less thick in persons over 40. The presence of the elastic fiber was noticed in the subepithelial layer in all age groups, though the number of persons with this phenomenon was small.7. The glands wers under-developed in children of about 10; they grew rapidly after that age until about 40 when they began to show a tendency to atrophy. 8. It seems that the periglandular lymphocytes, which infiltrate without bringing about the disintegration of the glands, take charge of the metabolism of the glands. A large number of them were found in infancy but they showed a marked decrease in number in persons over about 40. It would seem that, in highly advanced ages, non-inflammatory disintegration of the glands could possibly occur as a result of the infiltration of the lymphoid tissue. 9. The formation of the oncocyte, an unusual cell of the epithelium of the gland which characterizes the old age, was noticed in 7 cases. 10. The blood vessels manifested changes of a high degree in persons of advanced ages: they revealed evidences of functional disturbance of a high degree when stained by the stains of H. E, Weigert, PAS and Hale. This would show the measure of the influence that has been exerted on the function of the mucous membrane. 11. Corpora cavernosa was under-developed in infancy but became well-developed in persons of about 20; a decrease in the number of bodies and a diminution in size of the inner lumen became marked in persons over 40, becoming more marked in persons over 50

生後発達におけるアストロサイトのmGluR5発現抑制機構に関する研究

University of Yamanashi (山梨大学)博士(医学)医工博4甲第275号thesi

Preclinical/clinical trials of thrice-weekly administration of a combination of tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil (TS-1) and toceranib phosphate in dogs with intranasal tumors

Intranasal tumors in dogs are malignant solid tumors that are primarily treated with radiotherapy and often recur post-treatment. Combination therapy is pivotal in cancer therapy. Effective drugs include fluoropyrimidine 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and toceranib phosphate. TS-1, an oral formulation containing the 5-FU prodrug tegafur and enzyme modulators gimeracil and oteracil, is proven to be safe in dogs with solid tumors. While the oral drug toceranib phosphate (Palladia®) is safely administered, the combined toxicity with TS-1 is unknown. We aimed to determine the dosage of this combination in dogs. In the preclinical/clinical trials conducted here, we used a standard 3+3 cohort design with fixed doses of toceranib phosphate (2.4 mg/kg) administered thrice weekly. TS-1 administration was initiated at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg (upper limit 2.0 mg/kg) thrice weekly. Four cohorts were included to confirm the safety of TS-1 and toceranib phosphate. Each cohort was followed up for 1 month. The intranasal tumor types included in the clinical trial (n=13) were adenocarcinoma (n=7), squamous cell carcinoma (n=1), non-epithelial malignancy (n=2), undifferentiated carcinoma (n=1), and transitional carcinoma (n=2). The TS-1 dosage could be increased up to its dose limit in the preclinical/clinical trials. The TS-1 dose to combine with toceranib phosphate thrice weekly was 2.0 mg/kg. This regimen was well-tolerated in dogs. Thus, combined TS-1 and toceranib phosphate therapy is safe for dogs with intranasal tumors.journal articl

External quality control survey on identification of microorganisms using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Abstract: Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry（ MALDI-TOF MS） is a bacterial typing tool that was approved as a medical device in 2011. However, external accuracy control examination of bacterial typing using mass spectrometry is still only performed on a small scale. In this study, E. faecium and S. maltophilia were selected and tested according to established procedures using Score Values at 228 institutions. The Score Values for MALDI Biotyper were 2.43±0.08 for E. faecium and 2.38±0.08 for S. maltophilia; and those for VITEK MS/PRIME were 99.9±0.0 for E. faecium and S. maltophilia. These results suggest that it is useful to evaluate external accuracy control with Score Values using the procedures we have developed.journal articl

<原著>落葉樹林下におけるランドスケーピング用球根植物の植栽適性の評価

application/pdf景観形成のための利用を想定して, 秋植え球根37種類, 春植え球根16種類について, ケヤキZelkova serrata Mak.を主体とする落葉樹林下における植栽適性を調査・評価した。夏季の樹林下区の樹冠開空率は15%程度, 冬季は80%程度となった。夏季の樹林下での光合成有効光量子束は無遮蔽区の5%程度となり, 日平均地温は無遮蔽区と比較して3～5℃低かった。1年間の据置栽培後, 供試した1/4近くの種類の植物が無遮蔽区, 樹林下区の両条件下で生存していなかった。生存していた種類の多くで, 2年目の出芽率は, 秋植え, 春植え球根とも無遮蔽区と樹林下区でほぼ同様に高かったが, アリウム, クロッカス, フリージアなどいくつかの種類では無遮蔽区で低く樹林下区で高くなった。秋植え球根類の開花率は無遮蔽区で高く樹林下区で低くなったものが多く, 両区とも同様に高かったものも相当数認められた。また, 一部の種類では樹林下区における開花が無遮蔽区と比べて遅れた。春植え球根類の多くは樹林下区の据置き栽培で生存はしていたものの, 旺盛な生育はみられず, 開花率が低かった。これらの結果より, 秋植え球根のうち, ロドフィアラ, リコリス, ニホンスイセンなど, 出葉時期が樹冠に葉がない時期と重なる冬季出葉型の10種類の球根植物が落葉樹林下への植栽に適するものと考えられた。Adaptability of geophytes (37 fall-plantings and 16 spring-plantings) to planting under deciduous trees, which consisted mainly of Zelkova serrata Mak., was assessed for landscaping.The canopy openness of deciduous trees in summer was 15% and that in winter was 80%.In summer, photosynthetic photon flux under deciduous trees was 5% of that under clearing and the average soil temperature at the depth of 5cm was 3° -5 ℃ lower than that under clearing.One fourth of geophytes used in this experiment did not survive after one year from planting under both clearing and deciduous trees.The sprouting rate of most of the survived geophytes after one year from planting was high under both conditions, but it was higher under deciduous trees than under clearing in some geophytes such as Allium spp., Crocus spp.and Freesia.The flowering rate of most of the fall-planting geophytes was higher under clearing than under deciduous trees and that of some geophytes was high under both clearing and deciduous trees.The flowering of some geophytes delayed under deciduous trees.Most of the spring-planting geophytes survived under deciduous trees but did not grow vigorously, resulting in poor flowering.Consequently ten fall-planting geophytes including Hippeastrum bifidum, Lycoris spp.Narcissus tazetta var.chinensis were considered to be suitable for planting under deciduous trees, which hold their leaves during winter when the canopy of deciduous trees has no leaves.大阪府立大学大学院農学生命科学研究科学術報告. 2002, 54, p.33-40departmental bulletin pape

Structural basis of Sec-independent membrane protein insertion by YidC

Newly synthesized membrane proteins must be accurately inserted into the membrane, folded and assembled for proper functioning. The protein YidC inserts its substrates into the membrane, thereby facilitating membrane protein assembly in bacteria; the homologous proteins Oxa1 and Alb3 have the same function in mitochondria and chloroplasts, respectively1, 2. In the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, YidC functions as an independent insertase and a membrane chaperone in cooperation with the translocon SecYEG3, 4, 5. Here we present the crystal structure of YidC from Bacillus halodurans, at 2.4 A resolution. The structure reveals a novel fold, in which five conserved transmembrane helices form a positively charged hydrophilic groove that is open towards both the lipid bilayer and the cytoplasm but closed on the extracellular side. Structure-based in vivo analyses reveal that a conserved arginine residue in the groove is important for the insertion of membrane proteins by YidC. We propose an insertion mechanism for single-spanning membrane proteins, in which the hydrophilic environment generated by the groove recruits the extracellular regions of substrates into the low-dielectric environment of the membrane.journal articl

Improved Search for νμ→νe Oscillation in a Long-Baseline Accelerator Experiment

journal articl

Research and Development Dynamics of High-Tech Industry : Toward the Definition of High Technology

研究開発活動のダイナミックスに関する数学的モデルを構築し,産業毎の数学モデルの統計学的検定を行った.その結果,いわゆる,ハイテク産業の研究開発のダイナミックスは他の産業と,統計学的に区別できることが判明した.研究開発活動のダイナミックスを探索段階から開発段階への移行課程として把握する.探索段階の研究投資額は小さく,開発段階の投資額は大きいので,研究開発活動の動きを研究投資額の動きで表現することができる.一方,研究が失敗する確率を考えれば,探索段階の失敗率は高く,開発段階のそれは低い.研究開発が失敗した場合には,研究投資は放棄されるので,研究投資は失敗が明らかにならない限りは増加する.そこで,探索段階の研究で成功の見通しがたったものだけが,研究投資の増加を続け開発段階に移行していくと仮定することにより,一種の生存モデルを基にして,研究開発活動のダイナミックスを,研究開発投資額と投資破棄額との関数関係として数学的に定式化できる.1970年から1982年までの総理府統計局「科学技術研究調査報告書」所載の「産業,製品分野別社内使用研究費」をデータとして用い,主力製品分野以外の各製品分野の研究投資額の頻度分布を計算した結果,指数が多分布であることが明らかになった.そこで,上記のモデルを,非線形最小自乗法を用いて,統計学的にあてはめることにより,産業毎に,研究開発投資額と投資破棄率との関数関係を推定した.この結果,産業毎の研究開発の構造上の相違が明らかになり,「医薬品」,「機会」,「電気機械」,「通信・電子」,「精密機械」の5 つの産業がほかの産業と統計学的に区別することが可能となった.この研究開発の構造を,ハイテク産業の定義として採用することにより,いくつかの政策論を展開した. Based on the observation made on the Japanese data of R&D expenditures, we built a dynamic model of an R&D program. In this model, the concept of the cancellation rate function was introduced and three different function types were chosen for curve fitting.By use of the non-linear least-square method, for each industry, one of the three types was selected as the best fitting type. On this basis, sectoral identification was made in terms of the dynamic characteristics of R&D activities. All the industrial sectors are classified as one of the three patterns: traditional pattern, science-based pattern and high-tech pattern.Through this exercise, high-technology industry was identified as industry which is structurally different from traditional industry and from science-based industry in terms of the dynamic nature of its R&D investment. Thus, we were able to derive several tentative policy implications which are not yet well-known and have not yet been discussed.rights: 研究・技術計画学会 rights: 本文データは学協会の許諾に基づきCiNiiから複製したものである relation: IsVersionOf: http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110003774891/textapplication/pdfjournal articl

舗床モザイクをめぐる試論（第一部―下の2―）

1977-03-31departmental bulletin pape

新入第四坑採炭計画

東京帝国大学工科大学種別:卒業論文thesi