Glutathione inhibits antibody and complement-mediated immunologic cell injury via multiple mechanisms.

University of Yamanashi (山梨大学)博士(医学)医工博4甲第250号thesi

The etherase system of Novosphingobium sp. MBES04 functions as a sensor of lignin fragments through phenylpropanone production to induce specific transcriptional responses

The MBES04 strain of Novosphingobium accumulates phenylpropanone monomers as end-products of the etherase system, which specifically and reductively cleaves the β-O-4 ether bond (a major bond in lignin molecules). However, it does not utilise phenylpropanone monomers as an energy source. Here, we studied the response to the lignin-related perturbation to clarify the physiological significance of its etherase system. Transcriptome analysis revealed two gene clusters, each consisting of four tandemly linked genes, specifically induced by a lignin preparation extracted from hardwood (Eucalyptus globulus) and a β-O-4-type lignin model biaryl compound, but not by vanillin. The most strongly induced gene was a 2,4'-dihydroxyacetophenone dioxygenase-like protein, which leads to energy production through oxidative degradation. The other cluster was related to multidrug resistance. The former cluster was transcriptionally regulated by a common promoter, where a phenylpropanone monomer acted as one of the effectors responsible for gene induction. These results indicate that the physiological significance of the etherase system of the strain lies in its function as a sensor for lignin fragments. This may be a survival strategy to detect nutrients and gain tolerance to recalcitrant toxic compounds, while the strain preferentially utilises easily degradable aromatic compounds with lower energy demands for catabolism.査読ありjournal articl

Improved Search for νμ→νe Oscillation in a Long-Baseline Accelerator Experiment

journal articl

明治新五尺炭層採炭計画

東京帝国大学工科大学種別:卒業論文thesi

〈博士学位論文要旨〉成年後見制度における法人後見の果たすべき役割: 高齢期の生活継続性を確保する支援体制の確立に向けて

本研究は、高齢期の生活継続性の確保の視点から、成年後見制度における法人後見の果たすべき役割を考察し、成年後見人等は法人によるべきことを結論づけるものである。法人後見の役割に関しては、個人後見の例外として制度化されたとして役割を限定的に捉える見解および限定的に捉えない見解がある。これに対し、本研究は、介護保険制度において重視される高齢期の生活継続性の確保の視点から、制度の立法過程全体の議論を対象とした史的研究および成年後見における生活継続性確保のあり方に関する調査研究に基づき、法人後見の果たすべき役割を考察する。従来、法人後見に関し立法過程全体を検討した研究はなかった。本研究では、法人後見が個人の例外として制度化されておらず、法人後見の役割が限定的ではないことがわかった。また、高齢期の生活継続性を確保するための成年後見のあり方に関する実証的な研究はなかった。本研究では、成年後見を行う法人は、専門的な複数の担当者によって、他機関と連携をとりながら継続的支援を確保していることがわかった。したがって、高齢期の生活継続性を確保する上で、法人後見は役割が限定的でないのみならず、積極的な役割を有する。認知症高齢者および独居高齢者の更なる増加が予想され、介護保険制度では、生活の継続性の重視に続き、地域包括ケアシステムの構築が目指されている。こうした状況に対応し、高齢者に対する安定的な支援体制を確立するためには、成年後見人等は法人がすべきである。This paper discusses roles of corporate guardian within the adult guardianship system. Two perspectives on corporateguardian that have been suggested: (1) that it is an exceptional case of individual adult guardianship and therefore itsroles should be limited, and (2) its roles should not be limited, were discussed. The investigation was conducted from theperspective of ensuring continuity of life of the elderly, by using a historical approach related to discussions during theprocess of legalizing this system, as well as through studies on ensuring continuity of life under adult guardianship. Theprocess of legalizing the corporate guardian has not been investigated to date. Results of this study suggest that corporateguardian is not institutionalized, that it is regarded as an exceptional case of individual guardianship, and that the rolesof corporate guardian are not limited. Furthermore, empirical studies on adult guardianship for ensuring the continuityof life of elderly people have not been conducted to date. Results also indicated that juridical persons undertaking adultguardianship are maintaining continuous support by using plural staff in charge of the elderly, and by cooperating withother institutions. Corporate guardian is expected to play positive roles in ensuring the continuity of life of the elderlypersons, and not play an unlimited role. The number of elderly people with dementia and elderly people living alone isexpected to gradually increase in the future. In the long-term care insurance system, continuity of life has been discussedtogether with the development of a comprehensive community care system. In order to establish a stable support systemfor the elderly, it is suggested that adult guardianship should be undertaken by a juridical person.departmental bulletin pape

董澐（蘿石）『従吾道入語録』について

1976-03departmental bulletin pape

Crystal structure of Escherichia coli YidC, a membrane protein chaperone and insertase

Bacterial YidC, an evolutionally conserved membrane protein, functions as a membrane protein chaperone in cooperation with the Sec translocon and as an independent insertase for membrane proteins. In Gram-negative bacteria, the transmembrane and periplasmic regions of YidC interact with the Sec proteins, forming a multi-protein complex for Sec-dependent membrane protein integration. Here, we report the crystal structure of full-length Escherichia coli YidC. The structure reveals that a hydrophilic groove, formed by five transmembrane helices, is a conserved structural feature of YidC, as compared to the previous YidC structure from Bacillus halodurans, which lacks a periplasmic domain. Structural mapping of the substrate- or Sec protein-contact sites suggested the importance of the groove for the YidC functions as a chaperone and an insertase, and provided structural insight into the multi-protein complex.journal articl

(5)偏心球かを有する円柱の引張り

rights: 社団法人日本機械学会 rights: 本文データは学協会の許諾に基づきCiNiiから複製したものである relation: IsVersionOf: http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110002441381/textapplication/pdfjournal articl

The expression of representative PR genes in rice inoculated with <i>M. oryzae</i>.

<p>(<b>A</b>) <i>OsPR1a</i>, (<b>B</b>) <i>OsPR3</i> and (<b>C</b>) <i>PBZ1</i>. Rice plants were inoculated with distilled water (mock), WT, <i>ags1</i>, or <i>ags1</i>^{+<i>MoAGS1</i>}<i> M. oryzae</i> strains. The gene expression levels relative to the <i>OsRUBQ1</i> gene were analyzed using qRT-PCR at 0, 2, 4, 7, and 10 hpi. The expression of the PR genes was rapidly induced through <i>ags1</i> inoculation. The results represent the mean ± SD from at least three independent experiments. An asterisk indicates statistically significant differences against the control (mock) at the same time points using the Dunnett's test at <i>P</i><0.05.</p

Surface α-1,3-Glucan Facilitates Fungal Stealth Infection by Interfering with Innate Immunity in Plants

<div><p>Plants evoke innate immunity against microbial challenges upon recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as fungal cell wall chitin. Nevertheless, pathogens may circumvent the host PAMP-triggered immunity. We previously reported that the ascomycete <em>Magnaporthe oryzae</em>, a famine-causing rice pathogen, masks cell wall surfaces with α-1,3-glucan during invasion. Here, we show that the surface α-1,3-glucan is indispensable for the successful infection of the fungus by interfering with the plant's defense mechanisms. The α-1,3-glucan synthase gene <em>MgAGS1</em> was not essential for infectious structure development but was required for infection in <em>M. oryzae</em>. Lack or degradation of surface α-1,3-glucan increased fungal susceptibility towards chitinase, suggesting the protective role of α-1,3-glucan against plants' antifungal enzymes during infection. Furthermore, rice plants secreting bacterial α-1,3-glucanase (AGL-rice) showed strong resistance not only to <em>M. oryzae</em> but also to the phylogenetically distant ascomycete <em>Cochlioborus miyabeanus</em> and the polyphagous basidiomycete <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em>; the histocytochemical analysis of the latter two revealed that α-1,3-glucan also concealed cell wall chitin in an infection-specific manner. Treatment with α-1,3-glucanase <em>in vitro</em> caused fragmentation of infectious hyphae in <em>R. solani</em> but not in <em>M. oryzae</em> or <em>C. miyabeanus</em>, indicating that α-1,3-glucan is also involved in maintaining infectious structures in some fungi. Importantly, rapid defense responses were evoked (a few hours after inoculation) in the AGL-rice inoculated with <em>M. oryzae</em>, <em>C. miyabeanus</em> and <em>R. solani</em> as well as in non-transgenic rice inoculated with the <em>ags1</em> mutant. Taken together, our results suggest that α-1,3-glucan protected the fungal cell wall from degradative enzymes secreted by plants even from the pre-penetration stage and interfered with the release of PAMPs to delay innate immune defense responses. Because α-1,3-glucan is nondegradable in plants, it is reasonable that many fungal plant pathogens utilize α-1,3-glucan in the innate immune evasion mechanism and some in maintaining the structures.</p> </div