Improved Search for νμ→νe Oscillation in a Long-Baseline Accelerator Experiment

journal articl

The effectiveness of sensitivity training focusing on emotional attunement to infants and children : for graduate students of clinical psychology

Training institutes, including graduate schools for clinical psychology have been producing qualified and skilled clinical psychologists in society. In order to become good clinical psychologists, the candidates need to have not only knowledge and skills in the subject area but should also have personal characteristics such as sensitivity, empathy, and introspection. In this study a sensitivity training program, which focused on emotional attunement to infants and children, was developed and its effectiveness was investigated using three questionnaires : the perceived coding ability scale, the interpersonal sensitivity measure, and the non-verbal sensitivity scale. Out of 60 graduate students, 18 participated in this program once a week at a nursery school for a period of 5 months. The results showed that the scores of the perceived coding ability scale were significantly increased for students who participated in this program but there was no difference in the scores of the other two scales. The results also showed that there were significant differences between the scores of students who participated in the program and those who did not, with respect to the perceived coding ability and interpersonal sensitivity scales. Students who participated in this program showed higher sensitivity scores even before participating in this program. Therefore, we concluded that the program needs to focus more on emotional attunement and the selection process must change such that all students participate in this program.departmental bulletin pape

忠隈炭坑計画

東京帝国大学工科大学種別:卒業論文thesi

gnaphaloides

Artemisia ludoviciana Nuttall subsp. ludovicianasilver wormwood;Louisiana sagewort;Louisiana wormwood;prairie sage;western mugwort;silver sage;white sage;white sagebrusharmoise de l'Ouest;armoise de LouisianeArtemisia ludovicianaWarner County; Milk River Valley; Gold Spring Municipal Park; 1.5 km SE of Milk River townDry mixed grassland: prairie incised river valley - open meadow on alluvial gravels and sands3325 fee

「心」の哲学

1988-03departmental bulletin pape

Thyrotoxicity of Sodium Arsenate, Sodium Perchlorate, and Their Mixture in Zebrafish <i>Danio rerio</i>

Both perchlorate and arsenate are environmental contaminants. Perchlorate is a definitive thyroid disruptor, and arsenic may disrupt thyroid homeostasis via multiple pathways. To evaluate the effects of sodium perchlorate and sodium arsenate on thyroid function and possible interactions between them, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to sodium perchlorate (10 and 100 mg/L), sodium arsenate (1 and 10 mg/L), and the mixture sodium perchlorate + sodium arsenate (10 + 1 and 100 + 10 mg/L) for up to 90 days. At day 10, 30, 60, and 90, fish were sampled and analyzed for thyroid histopathological end points including follicular cell height, follicle size, colloid size, colloid depletion, hyperplasia, and angiogenesis. Effects on epithelial cell height (hypertrophy) were seen as early as 10 days after exposure. Perchlorate induced changes in all parameters staring at 30 days of exposure. Prolonged perchlorate exposure induced angiogenesis, a relatively new marker of thyroid disruption. Sodium arsenate was less effective than sodium perchlorate in causing thyroid histopathologies, but transient responses were seen for hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and colloid depletion (% colloid). This is the first report of arsenate-induced effects on thyroid histopathology. However, because statistically significant effects were not consistently seen in all end points, evidence for arsenate as a thyroid disruptor remains equivocal. In general, the sensitivity of the following histopathological indicators for indicating thyroid perturbations is, in descending order:  follicular cell height > percent of colloid area/follicle area > colloid area/follicular cell height > hyperplasia > angiogenesis > colloid area >follicle area = fish growth

Conformational variation of the translocon enhancing chaperone SecDF

The Sec translocon facilitates transportation of newly synthesized polypeptides from the cytoplasm to the lumen/periplasm across the phospholipid membrane. Although the polypeptide-conducting machinery is formed by the SecYEG-SecA complex in bacteria, its transportation efficiency is markedly enhanced by SecDF. A previous study suggested that SecDF assumes at least two conformations differing by a 120° rotation in the spatial orientation of the P1 head subdomain to the rigid base, and that the conformational dynamics plays a critical role in polypeptide translocation. Here we addressed this hypothesis by analyzing the 3D structure of SecDF using electron tomography and single particle reconstruction. Reconstruction of wt SecDF showed two major conformations; one resembles the crystal structure of full-length SecDF (F-form structure), while the other is similar to the hypothetical structural variant based on the crystal structure of the isolated P1 domain (I-form structure). The transmembrane domain of the I-form structure has a scissor like cleft open to the periplasmic side. We also report the structure of a double cysteine mutant designed to constrain SecDF to the I-form. This reconstruction has a protrusion at the periplasmic end that nicely fits the orientation of P1 in the I-from. These results provide firm evidence for the occurrence of the I-form in solution and support the proposed F- to I-transition of wt SecDF during polypeptide translocation.journal articl

Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Changes in Gut Microbiota and Mechanisms of Its Regulation of Allergy in OVA-Sensitive BALB/c Mice

Gut microbiota plays an important role in the regulation of food allergy. However, the interactions between the gut flora and immune system are not well studied. Here, we obtained ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitive BALB/c mice, combined with serum untargeted metabolomics to investigate the mechanisms of the interactions. The serum metabolomics results showed that 17 serum metabolites were downregulated, enriched in the aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathway, whereas indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) was increased. Six operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at the family level were altered and correlated with immune endpoints. Combined metabolomic and microbiomic analyses revealed that IPA levels were correlated with differential bacterial OTUs and a positive correlation with Treg in splenic lymphocytes. These results suggest that the regulatory effects of intestinal flora on allergic responses may be achieved by metabolizing tryptophan to produce indole derivatives and the aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathway. The formation of OVA tolerance in mice may be related to the enrichment of Peptostreptococcaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Lactobacillaceae

Coexposure of Cyclopiazonic Acid with Aflatoxin B1 Involved in Disrupting Amino Acid Metabolism and Redox Homeostasis Causing Synergistic Toxic Effects in Hepatocyte Spheroids

Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), an emerging toxin, has been found in various foods such as corn, peanuts, and figs. Aspergillus flavus can produce CPA, leading to coexposure with highly toxic aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), but the mechanism of their combined action is not clear. In this study, cocultured hepatocyte spheroids were used as the evaluation model, and two concentration settings of isotoxicity and different toxicity ratios were used to investigate the combined toxic effects. Metabolomics was subsequently used to analyze the potential mechanisms underlying the effects of their exposure. AFB1 and CPA might exhibit stronger cytotoxicity, with significant combined effects on mitochondrial morphology, activity, and reactive oxygen levels. The gene expression analysis revealed that the overexpression of AKT genes could mitigate the combined effects of AFB1 and CPA to some extent. Metabolomics analysis indicated that AFB1 and CPA significantly downregulated the metabolism of l-aspartate and antioxidant substances (e.g., penicillamine, myricetin, and ethanolamine). The pathway enrichment analysis also revealed a large impact on amino acid metabolism, likely affecting intracellular redox homeostasis. In addition, the presence of CPA affects intracellular glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism pathways. This study suggested a direction for future research on relevant toxic pathways and provided possible ideas for inhibiting or mitigating toxicity

PI3K/Akt/FoxO Pathway Mediates Antagonistic Toxicity in HepG2 Cells Coexposed to Deoxynivalenol and Enniatins

The emerging mycotoxins enniatins (ENNs) and the traditional mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) often co-contaminate various grain raw materials and foods. While the liver is their common target organ, the mechanism of their combined effect remains unclear. In this study, the combined cytotoxic effects of four ENNs (ENA, ENA1, ENB, and ENB1) with DON and their mechanisms were investigated using the HepG2 cell line. Additionally, a population exposure risk assessment of these mycotoxins was performed by using in vitro experiments and computer simulations. The results showed that only ENA at 1/4 IC50 and ENB1 at 1/8 IC50 coexposed with DON showed an additive effect, while ENB showed the strongest antagonism at IC50 (CI = 3.890). Co-incubation of ENNs regulated the signaling molecule levels which were disrupted by DON. Transcriptome analysis showed that ENB (IC50) up-regulated the PI3K/Akt/FoxO signaling pathway and inhibited the expression of apoptotic genes (Bax, P53, Caspase 3, etc.) via phosphorylation of FoxO, thereby reducing the cytotoxic effects caused by DON. Both types of mycotoxins posed serious health risks, and the cumulative risk of coexposure was particularly important for emerging mycotoxins