Incidence and risk factors of retreatment after three-monthly aflibercept therapy for exudative age-related macular degeneration

University of Yamanashi (山梨大学)博士(医学)医工博4甲第232号doctoral thesi

Evaluation of road pricing policy with semi-dynamic combined stochastic user equilibrium model

This study analyzes the effect of road pricing using a model with the following characteristics: 1) integration of trip generation (i.e. activity choice), destination choice, mode choice and route choice; 2) consideration of hourly traffic condition variations including queue evolution; and 3) approximate reproduction of trip chain along the time axis. An evaluation of road pricing in the Nagoya Metropolitan Area shows that pricing leads to an effective improvement in the environment as a result of a reduced number of car trips, and at the same time, there is a great reduction in the number of visitors because there is a change of destination and only a small shift to railway.CD-ROMjournal articl

Comparison of one-year real-world outcomes between red (670 nm) subthreshold micropulse laser treatment and intravitreal aflibercept injection for treatment-naïve diabetic macular edema

Purpose To evaluate the treatment outcomes of subthreshold micropulse laser (SMPL) with a wavelength of 670 nm (red) for treatment-naïve diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods A retrospective observational study which included 42 eyes in 34 patients diagnosed with treatment-naïve DME was conducted. Twenty-one eyes underwent red SMPL and the other 21 eyes underwent intravitreal injection of aflibercept (IVA) as initial treatment and were followed up for 12 months. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT) on optical coherence tomography (OCT), vessel density (VD), and foveal avascular zone area on OCT angiography (OCTA) were measured and compared between the two groups. Results In the red SMPL group, the mean BCVA slightly improved from 0.29 ± 0.28 at baseline to 0.22 ± 0.29 at 12 months (p = 0.18), while the mean CRT significantly decreased from 472 ± 200 µm at baseline to 320 ± 136 µm at 12 months (p = 0.003). At 12 months from baseline, the mean change in BCVA and CRT were similar between the red SMPL and IVA groups (p = 0.79 and p = 0.31, respectively). No significant change was detected in OCTA parameters except for VD at the nasal section in the red SMPL group. Conclusion Red SMPL for treatment-naïve DME maintained BCVA and significantly reduced CRT at 12 months. These treatment outcomes were equivalent to IVA in real-world settings, which tend to be inferior to clinical trials

Association of Polyp Regression after Loading Phase with 12-Month Outcomes of Eyes with Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy

Purpose: We compared 12-month outcomes of eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) with or without complete regression of polyps observed one month after three monthly intravitreal administrations (loading phase) of aflibercept (2.0 mg/0.05 mL) or brolucizumab (6.0 mg/0.05 mL). Methods: All patients underwent indocyanine green angiography at both baseline and 3 months after initial injection and were followed up monthly with an as-needed regimen for up to 12 months. A total of 62 patients with PCV were included: 30 eyes were treated with brolucizumab, and 32 were treated with aflibercept. Eyes with complete regression of polyps (regression group) had significantly smaller maximum polyp diameter and were more frequently treated with brolucizumab than those without complete regression (non-regression) group. Results: Best corrected visual acuity was comparable between the two groups at 12 months. Although the 12-month retreatment-free proportion was comparable between the two groups (33.0% versus 27.0%, p = 0.59), a retreatment-free period was significantly longer in the regression group than in the non-regression group (8.3 ± 3.3 versus 6.5 ± 3.6 months, p = 0.022), and the number of additional injections was significantly fewer in the regression group than in the non-regression group (1.2 ± 1.2 versus 3.0 ± 2.6, p = 0.007). Conclusions: Complete regression of polyps observed after the initial phase possibly prolongs the retreatment-free period and reduces the number of additional injections irrespective of aflibercept or brolucizumab

Improved Search for νμ→νe Oscillation in a Long-Baseline Accelerator Experiment

journal articl

超指向性スピーカのチャネル間レベル差による音像制御

application/pdf近年,気軽に臨場感のある音を楽しむことができるようになっているが,ステレオ再生方式や,家庭用の5。l chサラウンドシステム等では水平方向の音像制御を行うことが多く,鉛直方向の音像制御において課題がある。水平方向の音像は水平に配置した2つのスピーカのレベル差を用いて制御できるので,上下方向の音像についても同様に,鉛直に2つスピーカを配置し,2つのスピーカのレベル差を用いて制御できるのではないかと考えられる.一般的なスピーカをスクリーン等の四隅に配置すると,聴取者からスピーカが目視でき,音像定位に影響を与えてしまうといつた問題がある.このため,指向性が強く,壁面等で音が反射する超指向性スピーカに着目した.4つの超指向性スピーカのチャネル間レベル差を用いた音像制御手法を提案し,主観評価実験により評価した.超指向性スピーカをスクリーンの四隅に反射させ,チャネル間にレベル差を与えた信号を提示し,被験者に音像位置がスクリーン上のどの位置であるか回答させた.提示音は自色雑音を用いた.実験結果より,左右の音像はおおよそ制御できることがわかつたが,上下の音像は制御困難であることがわかつた.上下の音像制御の精度向上を図るため,超指向性スピーカの鉛直方向の設置角度について検討した.超指向性スピーカの設置角度を変化させ,超指向性スピーカからの音の照射位置を変化させる場合と,音の照射位置を変えず,超指向性スピーカの高さと角度を変化させる場合の2通りについて検討した.主観評価により評価を行つたところ,超指向性スピーカからの音の照射位置間の距離を大きくすることで,音像の知覚位置を上下に拡張可能であることが分かった.さらに,超指向性スピーカからの音の照射位置間の距離を大きくすることで,残響のある環境下であつても音像を所望の位置に近づけることが可能であると考えられる.本研究は,スクリーン上での上下左右方向の音像制御を行うシステムとして,4つの超指向性スピーカの反射波のチャネル間レベル差を用いる手法を提案した.主観評価実験により本手法を用いて左右方向は音像制御可能であることが分かった.上下方向については,超指向性スピーカからの音の照射位置間の距離を大きくすることで,音像の知覚位置を上下に拡張可能であることが分かり,残響のある環境下においても音像を所望の位置に近づけることが可能であることが示唆された.三重大学大学院工学研究科博士前期課程情報工学専攻61thesi

laevigatum

Equisetum laevigatum A. Braunsmooth scouring-rush;smooth horsetail;summer horsetail;summer scouring-rushprêle lisseEquisetum laevigatumMilk River Valley, Gold Spring Municipal Park, 1.5 km SE of Milk Rive towndry mixed grassland, prairie incised river valley-wet sands of river shore3325 fee

新入炭山計画

東京帝国大学工科大学種別:卒業論文thesi

廃棄物の有効利用に関する研究 : 底塩酸と鉄鋼スクラップを利用したイオン交換膜電池の物質移動

application/pdfpostprintMass transfer for the following electric cell was studied, ⊖ Fe/FeCl₂ sat. soln. / 1N or 5N HCl /Pt-black Pt/Ti ⊕. M_ Electric energy can not be only gained but also hydrogen H₂ (a clean fuel gas) and ferrous chloride FeCl₂ (Chemical product) can be produced by this multipurpose cell, utilizing spent acid HCl and iron or steel scraps. The water tranfer was taken place from the positive apartment to the negative one in any case of utilizing 1N HCl or 5N HCl. These behaviors were as same as the results obtained by N. Laksh-minarayanaiah. It was found that mild steels could be dissolved well into the saturated FeCl₂ solution as a catholyte of the cell. As Fe⁺⁺ ion could be transferred through the anion exchange membrane (M₋) at lower discharge current density, the higher was the discharge current density, the higher was the producing efficiency of FeCl₂. In any case, the treatment efficiency of spent acid (HCl) was more than 100%, because H⁺ ion could be transferred easily through the membrane (M₋) by diffusion. According to the discharge characteristics, the producing efficiency of FeCl₂ and the treatment efficiency of spent acid HCl for this cell, better results were taken with 5N HCl as an anolyte of the cell.イオン交換膜を用いた電池に関する研究（第11報）departmental bulletin pape

Structural basis for the drug extrusion mechanism by a MATE multidrug transporter

Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family transporters are conserved in the three primary domains of life (Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya), and export xenobiotics using an electrochemical gradient of H+ or Na+ across the membrane1, 2. MATE transporters confer multidrug resistance to bacterial pathogens3, 4, 5, 6 and cancer cells7, thus causing critical reductions in the therapeutic efficacies of antibiotics and anti-cancer drugs, respectively. Therefore, the development of MATE inhibitors has long been awaited in the field of clinical medicine8, 9. Here we present the crystal structures of the H+-driven MATE transporter from Pyrococcus furiosus in two distinct apo-form conformations, and in complexes with a derivative of the antibacterial drug norfloxacin and three in vitro selected thioether-macrocyclic peptides, at 2.1?3.0?A resolutions. The structures, combined with functional analyses, show that the protonation of Asp?41 on the amino (N)-terminal lobe induces the bending of TM1, which in turn collapses the N-lobe cavity, thereby extruding the substrate drug to the extracellular space. Moreover, the macrocyclic peptides bind the central cleft in distinct manners, which correlate with their inhibitory activities. The strongest inhibitory peptide that occupies the N-lobe cavity may pave the way towards the development of efficient inhibitors against MATE transporters.journal articl