Route Identification and Travel Time Prediction Using Probe-Car Data

Recently the analysis on road traffic conditions with the use of probe-cars has been paid increasing attention. Probe-cars enable us to obtain the spacious data. However, since probe-cars generally provide the coordinates as vehicle’s location point, analysts have to identify the vehicle’s cruising route. It is difficult to identify the route at the section where elevated urban expressways are allocated parallel with the other roads. This study develops the method of identifying the vehicle’s cruising route even where there are elevated urban expressways. It also develops the travel time prediction method using accumulated probe-car data.journal articl

Improved Search for νμ→νe Oscillation in a Long-Baseline Accelerator Experiment

journal articl

maximilanii

Helianthus maximiliani SchraderMaximilian sunflowerWarner County; Milk River Valley; Gold Spring Municipal Park, 1.5 km SE of Milk River towndry mixed grassland, prairie incised river valley - open meadow on alluvial gravels and sands3325 fee

管牟田第三坑堅坑計画

東京帝国大学工科大学種別:卒業論文thesi

廃棄物の有効利用に関する研究 : 底塩酸と鉄鋼スクラップを利用したイオン交換膜電池の物質移動

application/pdfpostprintMass transfer for the following electric cell was studied, ⊖ Fe/FeCl₂ sat. soln. / 1N or 5N HCl /Pt-black Pt/Ti ⊕. M_ Electric energy can not be only gained but also hydrogen H₂ (a clean fuel gas) and ferrous chloride FeCl₂ (Chemical product) can be produced by this multipurpose cell, utilizing spent acid HCl and iron or steel scraps. The water tranfer was taken place from the positive apartment to the negative one in any case of utilizing 1N HCl or 5N HCl. These behaviors were as same as the results obtained by N. Laksh-minarayanaiah. It was found that mild steels could be dissolved well into the saturated FeCl₂ solution as a catholyte of the cell. As Fe⁺⁺ ion could be transferred through the anion exchange membrane (M₋) at lower discharge current density, the higher was the discharge current density, the higher was the producing efficiency of FeCl₂. In any case, the treatment efficiency of spent acid (HCl) was more than 100%, because H⁺ ion could be transferred easily through the membrane (M₋) by diffusion. According to the discharge characteristics, the producing efficiency of FeCl₂ and the treatment efficiency of spent acid HCl for this cell, better results were taken with 5N HCl as an anolyte of the cell.イオン交換膜を用いた電池に関する研究（第11報）departmental bulletin pape

Up- and Downregulated Genes after Long-Term Muscle Atrophy Induced by Denervation in Mice Detected Using RNA-Seq

Skeletal muscle atrophy occurs rapidly as a result of inactivity. Although there are many reports on changes in gene expression during the early phase of muscle atrophy, the patterns of up-and downregulated gene expression after long-term and equilibrated muscle atrophy are poorly understood. In this study, we comprehensively examined the changes in gene expression in long-term denervated mouse muscles using RNA-Seq. The murine right sciatic nerve was denervated, and the mice were housed for five weeks. The cross-sectional areas of the hind limb muscles were measured using an X-ray CT system 35 days after denervation. After 28 d of denervation, the cross-sectional area of the muscle decreased to approximately 65% of that of the intact left muscle and reached a plateau. Gene expression in the soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles on the 36th day was analyzed using RNA-Seq and validated using RT-qPCR. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that three genes—Adora1, E230016M11Rik, and Gm10718—were upregulated and one gene—Gm20515—was downregulated in the soleus muscle; additionally, four genes—Adora1, E230016M11Rik, Pigh, and Gm15557—were upregulated and one gene—Fzd7—was downregulated in the EDL muscle (FDR < 0.05). Among these genes, E230016M11Rik, one of the long non-coding RNAs, was significantly upregulated in both the muscles. These findings indicate that E230016M11Rik could be a candidate gene for the maintenance of atrophied skeletal muscle size and an atrophic state

Structural basis for the drug extrusion mechanism by a MATE multidrug transporter

Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family transporters are conserved in the three primary domains of life (Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya), and export xenobiotics using an electrochemical gradient of H+ or Na+ across the membrane1, 2. MATE transporters confer multidrug resistance to bacterial pathogens3, 4, 5, 6 and cancer cells7, thus causing critical reductions in the therapeutic efficacies of antibiotics and anti-cancer drugs, respectively. Therefore, the development of MATE inhibitors has long been awaited in the field of clinical medicine8, 9. Here we present the crystal structures of the H+-driven MATE transporter from Pyrococcus furiosus in two distinct apo-form conformations, and in complexes with a derivative of the antibacterial drug norfloxacin and three in vitro selected thioether-macrocyclic peptides, at 2.1?3.0?A resolutions. The structures, combined with functional analyses, show that the protonation of Asp?41 on the amino (N)-terminal lobe induces the bending of TM1, which in turn collapses the N-lobe cavity, thereby extruding the substrate drug to the extracellular space. Moreover, the macrocyclic peptides bind the central cleft in distinct manners, which correlate with their inhibitory activities. The strongest inhibitory peptide that occupies the N-lobe cavity may pave the way towards the development of efficient inhibitors against MATE transporters.journal articl

Reducing Effects of Whey Protein Hydrolysate on Coloration of Cured Sausages

Curing produces a characteristic pink color during meat processing through the production of nitrosyl myoglobin (NOMb), which requires nitric oxide (NO). Nitrites and nitrates in coloring agents are crucial NO sources; however, a reducing agent is necessary to facilitate their chemical conversion to NO. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the reducing properties of whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) on the reddening of cured meat products. Cured and cooked sausage models were treated with WPH, which enhanced the reddening of the meat color and increased the a* value in the models compared with that of the controls. Additionally, ethanol-extracted WPH induced Fe3⁺ reduction, lowered oxidation–reduction potential, and decreased nitrite (NO2−) levels. Moreover, ethanol-extracted WPH promoted the formation of NOMb in myoglobin solution. This effect was also observed when ethanol-extracted WPH treated with maleimide was used, implying that certain peptides rather than the thiol group of WPH are involved in promoting NOMb formation. Furthermore, the peptides that decreased NO2− levels were isolated from ethanol-extracted WPH, identified, and synthesized. These synthesized peptides, particularly the FFVAPFPEVFGK peptide, showed NO2−-reducing activity. Hence, WPH may promote the coloration of cured meat products through the reducing potential of the peptides contained within

Effects of Inherent Lactic Acid Bacteria on Inhibition of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme and Antioxidant Activities in Dry-Cured Meat Products

The aim of this study was to investigate the inherent bacteria that contribute to expressing the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and the antioxidant activity of dry-cured meat products without a bacterial starter. Among the ten dry-cured meat product samples, Coppa and Milano salami exhibited high ACE inhibitory activity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). No consistent trend was observed in the pH values or the total peptide and imidazole dipeptide concentration of the products that exhibited high ACE inhibitory and antioxidant activities in the tested samples. To investigate the bacteria contributing to the ACE inhibitory and antioxidant activities of the product, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, isolation, and identification of bacteria were performed using not only Coppa and Milano salami but also the Jamon Serrano and Parma prosciutto products that had low functional activities. Results suggest the Lactobacillales order, particularly the species Latilactobacillus sakei and Pediococcus pentosaceus, were the main inherent bacteria in Coppa and Milano salami, respectively, compared with the Jamon Serrano and Parma prosciutto products. Therefore, the inherent lactic acid bacteria in dry-cured meat products without bacterial starter is important for ACE inhibitory and antioxidant activities of the products

Eicosapentaenoic acid increases proportion of type 1 muscle fibers through PPARδ and AMPK pathways in rats

Summary: Muscle fiber type composition (% slow-twitch and % fast-twitch fibers) is associated with metabolism, with increased slow-twitch fibers alleviating metabolic disorders. Previously, we reported that dietary fish oil intake induced a muscle fiber-type transition in a slower direction in rats. The aim of this study was to determine the functionality of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a unique fatty acid in fish oil, to skeletal muscle fiber type and metabolism in rats. Here, we showed that dietary EPA promotes whole-body oxidative metabolism and improves muscle function by increasing proportion of slow-twitch type 1 fibers in rats. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that EPA supplementation activated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways in L6 myotube cultures, which potentially increasing slow-twitch fiber share. This highlights the role of EPA as an exercise-mimetic dietary component that improves metabolism and muscle function, with potential benefits for health and athletic performance