On the Processing Units in Simultaneous Interpreting

application/pdf英米言語文化研究. 1996, 44, p.1-18departmental bulletin pape

Involvement of neurokinin-1 receptors in the autonomic nervous system in colorectal distension-induced cardiovascular suppression in rats

Situational syncope, which includes rectally mediated reflexes, is defined as syncope induced by a specific situation. Its pathogenesis generally involves disorders of the autonomic nervous system. However, the mechanisms and preventive strategies are not yet well understood. Therefore, we hypothesized that a tachykinin neurokinin-1 receptor might be involved in the autonomic nervous system, and that a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist could mitigate reflex syncope. This study used a rat model in which the reflex was induced by afferent vagal stimulation with colorectal distension (CRD). In the study, the rats were divided into three groups: non-CRD, CRD, and CRD with a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist. First, we examined the effect of fosaprepitant, a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, on the circulatory response in this model. We then determined the brain regions that showed increased numbers of c-Fos immunoreactive cells in the respective groups. Our results suggest that the colorectal distension procedure reduced blood pressure and that fosaprepitant lowered this response. In addition, the number of c-Fos immunoreactive cells was increased in the caudal ventrolateral medullary region with colorectal distension, and this number was decreased by the administration of fosaprepitant. In conclusion, fosaprepitant might be involved in the vagal reflex pathway and potentially suppress the circulatory response to colorectal distension.journal articl

動的経路案内システム「PRONAVI」の開発と性能評価実験

journal articl

Improved Constraints on D0-D̅0 Mixing in D0→K+π- Decays from the Belle Detector

journal articl

TEL2SAM inhibits transcriptional activation by ETS1/2 in HeLa cells.

<p>Ras^V12 enhanced and Mae or TEL2SAM suppressed activation of (A) the MMP9-luciferase reporter and (B) the dEts-luciferase reporter. (C) Mutations in the EH or ML surfaces of TEL2SAM do not alter its ability to suppress ETS2.</p

Mae suppresses transcriptional activation by ETS1/2 in <i>Drosophila</i> S2 cells.

<p>(A) Activation of the argos-luciferase reporter by ETS1/2 is enhanced by expression of Ras^V12 and inhibited by Mae. (B) Myc-Mae coimmunoprecipitated with Flag-ETS1/2 from lysates of cotransfected <i>Drosophila</i> S2 cells cotransfected (lanes 2 and 3) but not from lysates of cells transfected with Myc-Mae alone (lane 1). Myc-Mae runs below the IgG light chain (strong band marked with asterisk). Flag-ETS1/2 run as doublets.</p

TEL2SAM inhibits transcriptional repression by TEL1 of the E74tkluciferase reporter.

<p>(A) Repression by TEL1 is suppressed by TEL2SAM but <i>Drosophila</i> Mae has only a weak effect. The full-length TEL2 alone lane derives from an independent experiment in which repression by TEL1 was almost identical to that shown here. Using the TEL1 alone values to normalize between experiments, the % transcriptional activity for TEL2 was adjusted by a factor of 0.82. (B) TEL2SAM effectively inhibits repression by TEL1 at decreasing TEL2SAM concentrations. The ratio of TEL2SAM DNA to TEL1 DNA that was used for titration ranged from 2∶1 to 0.25∶1.</p

Conservation of the mammalian and Drosophila Ets networks.

<p>(A) Schematic representation of the <i>Drosophila</i> and Mammalian Ets Networks. Activated MAPK (dpERK) phosphorylates Yan (TEL1) and PntP2 (ETS1/2) to inhibit transcriptional repression of target genes by Yan and to potentiate transcriptional activation by PntP2 respectively. Mae negatively regulates Yan and PntP2 to modulate signaling by the RTK network. Similarly, TEL2SAM negatively regulates the transcriptional activity of the vertebrate orthologs TEL1 and ETS1/2. (B) Sequence alignment of the SAM domains of Yan, TEL1, TEL2, Mae, PntP2, ETS1 and ETS2. Amino acids that are identical in at least four of the seven proteins are in bold, grey boxes highlight critical residues that mediate EH-ML surface interactions, and the asterisks indicate the specific residues mutated in the TEL2SAM^EHmut and TEL2SAM^MLmut constructs. (C) Dendrogram analysis using the sequences in (B) shows the phylogenetic relationships of the SAM domains.</p

Inhibition of TEL1 repression by TEL2SAM is alleviated by mutations that prevent SAM domain-polymerization.

<p>(A) Communoprecipitation of myc-TEL2SAM with HA-TEL1 from cotransfected HeLa cells (lane 2) but not from cells transfected with HA-TEL1 alone (lane 1). Top and bottom panels were from the same gel, as were the middle two panels. (B) TEL2SAM can inhibit transcriptional repression by Yan, although not as effectively as Mae. (C) Repression of the E74tkluciferase reporter by TEL1 is suppressed by TEL2SAM but not by TEL2SAM^EHmut or TEL2SAM^MLmut.</p

Veterum aliquot scriptorum qui in Galliae Bibliothecis, maximè Benedictinorum latuerant, Spicilegium : Tomus Undecimus ... /

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