Paragonimus Iloktsuenensis Chen(小型大平肺吸虫)の犬における一自然感染例(獸医學)

application/pdf1) The present specimens are obtained from the lungs of a German shepherd dog which was autopsied by the late Yata at Department of Veterinary Science, Osaka Agriculture School. 2) The ovary of worm is ramified into a coral appearance (fig. 3). Cuticular spines grow in a group (fig. 4). These findings are correspondent to those of ohirai-iloktsuenensis group. 3) Metacercaria other than of P. iloktsuenensis has never been found in the river Yodo as stated above. In addition characters of eggs (fig. 2) separated from this specimen are identical with those which had been described by Chen (1940). Thus it is concluded that these specimens are to be classified as P. iloktsuenensis. 4) This is the first occurrence of natural infection with P. iloktsuenensis so far found in any dog of Japan. 5) A pea-size worm cyst locates beneath the pleura. It forms cavity due to softening of lung tissue. It contains 2 worms. 6) The cyst locates near comparatively large bronchii. Eggs are found in the contents of bronchii. 7) The wall of cyst is composed of long standing granulation tissue which have developed fibrosis. There is marked infiltration of round cells which are predominantly two types of the plasma-cell, Marshalko and lymphatic. Erythrocytic infiltration is also demonstrated. Eggs are detected in comparatively new layers of the wall. The surrounding tissues show a finding of cirrhosis. A marked proliferation and regeneration of smooth muscle fibers is observed around terminal bronchiole, alveolar duct, and interalveolar septum. 8) As a remarkable microscopical finding, some calcified islets of cartilage are clearly seen in the parenchyma near the cyst. Lumens of some bronchioles are found filled with blood. Bronchii and blood vessels showed marked changes which are almost correspondent to so far accepted respects.Bulletin of the Naniwa University. Ser. B, Agriculture and natural sciences. Zoology and botany. 1954, 3, p.61-74departmental bulletin pape

スキュラの餌食：オデュッセウスの苦悩

2008-03-31In the Odyssey it is clear that owing to the deaths of his six oarsmen who became preys of Skylla Odysseus and his other men could pass the dangerous strait before the rock of this monster. Having heard the premonitions of Kirke he had been all aware of this result, but he did not tell them anything about this danger but allowed it to happen to their suprise. He wanted to save them, but could not even have the chance to do so, while totally he owed his own survival to them as well as he had resposibility to their death. It was in this context that he described their death scene as the most lamentable (oiktiston) in all his adventures. Their deaths were not in vain after all, but nothing positive was told of their death in this poem. And no renewal was made of this aspect of the myth, though for the Greeks it was a mythical ideal that a man accepts his practical death consciously. The myth of the preys of Skylla was a story that told the agony of Odysseus that he experienced when he allowed his men to die unconscious of the effects of their own death.departmental bulletin pape

Comparison of one-year real-world outcomes between red (670 nm) subthreshold micropulse laser treatment and intravitreal aflibercept injection for treatment-naïve diabetic macular edema

Purpose To evaluate the treatment outcomes of subthreshold micropulse laser (SMPL) with a wavelength of 670 nm (red) for treatment-naïve diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods A retrospective observational study which included 42 eyes in 34 patients diagnosed with treatment-naïve DME was conducted. Twenty-one eyes underwent red SMPL and the other 21 eyes underwent intravitreal injection of aflibercept (IVA) as initial treatment and were followed up for 12 months. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT) on optical coherence tomography (OCT), vessel density (VD), and foveal avascular zone area on OCT angiography (OCTA) were measured and compared between the two groups. Results In the red SMPL group, the mean BCVA slightly improved from 0.29 ± 0.28 at baseline to 0.22 ± 0.29 at 12 months (p = 0.18), while the mean CRT significantly decreased from 472 ± 200 µm at baseline to 320 ± 136 µm at 12 months (p = 0.003). At 12 months from baseline, the mean change in BCVA and CRT were similar between the red SMPL and IVA groups (p = 0.79 and p = 0.31, respectively). No significant change was detected in OCTA parameters except for VD at the nasal section in the red SMPL group. Conclusion Red SMPL for treatment-naïve DME maintained BCVA and significantly reduced CRT at 12 months. These treatment outcomes were equivalent to IVA in real-world settings, which tend to be inferior to clinical trials

Studies of CP Violation in B→J/ψK* Decays

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Cdt1 remained in active replication sites in tsTM3 cells incubated at 39°C.

<p>Cells were grown on glass coverslips at 34°C or 39°C for 12 hours, incubated with 10 µM EdU for 20 minutes, washed, and fixed with 4% PFA. (A) Cdt1 was indirectly immunolabeled with Alexa 594. Next, nascent DNA labeled with EdU was detected with Alexa 488 by Click-iT reaction, and cells were also counterstained with Hoechst 33342. The merged views (right) are composed of Cdt1 (red channel) and EdU (green channel). Cdt1 was found in many discrete nuclear sites, and most of these also contained EdU, which results in the yellow color in the merged images, indicating co-localization between Cdt1 and nascent DNA. (B) Nascent DNA labeled with EdU was detected with Alexa 488 by Click-iT reaction. Next, Cdt1 was indirectly immunolabeled with Alexa 594. Labeling of Cdt1 was significantly decreased, and little yellow color was found in the merged images. Bar, 10 µm. (C) Quantitative analyses of the numbers of cells expressing Cdt1 and EdU incorporated cells. Cells expressing Cdt1 and cells labelled with EdU, such as those shown in panels (A) and (B), were counted and are expressed as a ratio with standard deviation in the left and middle graphs, respectively. The proportion of cells expressing Cdt1 with cells labelled with EdU is shown in the right graph.</p

Properties of cell lines expressing Uba1 tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP).

<p>(A) Isoform of Uba1 tagged with GFP and its localization. Cell lines expressing GFP-Uba1 or Uba1-GFP constructs were isolated from the ts mutant cell line, tsTM3. Uba1 tagged with GFP complements deficiencies in tsTM3 cells and allows them to grow normally at 39°C. Cells were counterstained with Hoechst 33342. The fluorescent Uba1 in the GFP-Uba1 derivative is mainly nuclear, whereas the other derivative, Uba1-GFP, contains higher concentrations in both nucleus and cytoplasm. Bar, 10 µm. (B) Western blot analysis of Uba1 tagged with GFP. Cells expressing GFP-Uba1 or Uba1-GFP, as well as parental (tsTM3) and grandparental (CHO-K1) cells were lysed and the proteins resolved on acrylamide gels. Six samples of each distinct GFP clone were analyzed: lanes 3–8, GFP-Uba1; lanes 9–14, Uba1-GFP. Different forms of Uba1 were detected by immunoblotting with antibodies directed against Uba1 and GFP. Only relevant parts of the blot are shown. α-tubulin was included as a loading control. Positions of endogenous and hybrid Uba1 are shown. Band intensities relative to that of the endogenous cytoplasmic form of Uba1 in each of the clones are presented below the blot of Uba1. A derivative of tsTM3 cells, tm3UG16, appears to express very little Uba1-GFP, suggesting the possibility of spontaneous reversion. It is also possible that the rescue depends on a cleaved form of hybrid that resembles the endogenous form but which can no longer be detected via fluorescence. Slightly different migration of bands is observed in tm3UG11. (C) Images of living tsTM3 cells expressing Uba1 tagged with GFP. Cells were counterstained with Hoechst 33342. Upper and middle rows represent living interphase cells expressing the GFP-Uba1 construct. The fluorescent Uba1 in a derivative, tm3GU1, is predominantly in the nucleus. Living mitotic cells (bottom). Bar, 10 µm.</p

Accumulation of Fucci proteins in tsTM3 cells at 39°C.

<p>(A) Western blot analysis of Fucci in CHO-K1 or tsTM3 cells. Wild-type CHO-K1 or ts mutant tsTM3 cells expressing Fucci-G₁ Orange or Fucci-S/G₂/M Green were grown at 34°C or incubated at 39°C for the times shown in the figure and lysed. The proteins resolved on acrylamide gels and were detected by immunoblotting with antibodies directed against fluorescent tags (mKO2 or mAG1) and Uba1. Only relevant parts of the blot are shown. α-tubulin is included as a loading control. Temperature-dependent increases in the amount of Fucci with the reduction of Uba1 were found in tsTM3 cells. (B) Quantitative analysis of bands in blots of tsTM3 cells expressing Fucci. Band intensities of Fucci and Uba1, like those shown in panel (A), were measured and are expressed relative to that of each at 34°C or relative to the lower band at 34°C with standard deviation of at least three experiments. <i>P</i> values were calculated by Student <i>t</i>-test. Significant differences from values at 34°C are shown by asterisks. Incubation at 39°C resulted in a significant increase of Fucci (mKO2-hCdt1 or mAG1-hGem) with decrease in Uba1A in tsTM3 cells.</p

Rescue of tsTM3 cells at 39°C with the expression of full length or truncated forms of Uba1.

<p>(A) Diagram of the structures of the full-length and truncated forms of Uba1. Boxes represent the domains of Uba1 in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0096666#pone-0096666-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1B</a>. (B) Photographs of colonies of tsTM3 cells after transfection of 2 µg of plasmid DNAs encoding GFP hybrids of Uba1 or Uba1D1-40 and vectors. After 14 days of incubation at 39°C or 34°C with 400 µg/ml G418, the colonies on the dishes were stained with methylene blue. Cells survived at 39°C after transfection of Uba1 derivatives; however, relatively few cells and no cells grew after transfection of Uba1D1-40 derivatives and vectors, respectively. There was no difference in the colony formation between plasmid DNAs encoding GFP hybrids of Uba1 and Uba1D1-40 after the selection for resistance to G418. (C) Quantitative analysis of colony formation at 39°C. Colonies such as those shown in panel (B) were counted. The colony formation efficiencies of 39°C were normalized to those of 34°C with G418 and are expressed with a standard deviation of at least three experiments. <i>P</i> values were calculated by Student <i>t</i>-test. Significant differences from the efficiency of GFP-Uba1 are shown by asterisks.</p

Effects of incubation at 39°C on the activity of E1 analyzed with Fucci.

<p>(A) Images of living cells expressing Fucci-G₁ Orange or Fucci-S/G₂/M Green in wild-type CHO-K1 or ts mutant tsTM3 cells. Stable transformants expressing Fucci were grown at 34°C or incubated at 39°C for the times shown in the figure and analyzed. Small merged images with counterstain of Hoechst 33342 are embedded. Bar, 10 µm. (B) Quantitative analyses of the numbers of cells expressing Fucci in CHO-K1 and tsTM3 cells. Cells expressing Fucci, such as those shown in panel (A), were counted and are expressed as a ratio with standard deviation of at least three experiments. <i>P</i> values were calculated by Student <i>t</i>-test. Significant differences from values at 34°C are shown by asterisks. Incubation at 39°C increased the number of tsTM3 cells expressing Fucci signals.</p

Sequences around the <i>Uba1</i> mutation in tsTM3 cells.

<p>(A) Sequencing traces obtained with <i>Uba1</i> DNA (prepared by reverse transcription of pools of mRNA or from genomic DNA) from wild-type CHO-K1 and mutant tsTM3 cells. The wild type contains a G at nucleotide 768 of <i>Uba1</i>, whereas the mutant contains an A. The G-to-A transition at nucleotide 768 converts Met to Ile at amino acid 256. (B) Structure of mammalian Uba1. Colored boxes represent four functional domains, adenylation domains (IAD and AAD), catalytic cysteine half-domains (FCCH and SCCH), four-helix bundle domain (4HB), and C-terminal ubiquitin-fold domain (UFD). Locations of the mutation found in ts mutant ts20 <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0096666#pone.0096666-Lao1" target="_blank">[21]</a> and in X-linked spinal muscular atrophy (XL-SMA) <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0096666#pone.0096666-Ramser1" target="_blank">[20]</a> are shown above the diagram. Alignments were made with CLUSTAL W <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0096666#pone.0096666-Thompson1" target="_blank">[37]</a> relative to positions 203–301 of hamster Uba1 (Accession No. AB661372) with sequences from <i>Homo sapiens</i> (H. s.; NCBI Gene ID: 7317), <i>Mus musculus</i> (M. m.; ID: 22201), and <i>Rattus norvegicus</i> (R. n.; ID: 314432). Asterisks indicate identical residues.</p