Analysis of a wafer bonded Ge/Si heterojunction by transmission electron microscopy

A wafer-bonded Ge/Si heterojunction was observed using transmission electron microscopy to analyze its crystallographic properties and to reveal atomic profiles at the interface by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. There was a 2 nm thick transition layer at the heterojunction, where an aligned lattice image from Si to Ge together with a disordered lattice image could be observed. In the Si layer close to the interface, islandlike modified regions were observed to exist, where a large amount of Ge was detected. Oxygen was also detected accumulated at the interface

Written feedback and revision : Some data from a L1 writing class

Commenting on student writing is generally considered to hold a central place in both first (L1) and second language (L2) writing pedagogy. However, despite several decades of research on feedback and response, our understanding of its complex nature is still far from complete, which is due in part to methodological flaws that have made it difficult to compare results across studies. The present study aims to address this by applying a well-developed analytical framework to teacher comments and student revisions collected from a university L1 composition course in the United States. Comments were analyzed according to a framework that included length, textual referent, focus, mode, and salience; revisions were analyzed according to uptake and success. This analysis revealed both general patterns and a substantial amount of variation in the types of comments that the teacher provided as well as the revisions that followed those comments. Some of this variation was clearly associated with contextual factors such as mode of delivery (handwritten versus online commentary), sequencing of assignments and drafts, and individual student factors. It is concluded that teachers may comment more effectively by addressing a limited number of issues on any given draft in greater depth. Moreover, future research on commentary may benefit from both quantitative and qualitative analyses.departmental bulletin pape

Memorial of the American Indian Mission Association, praying the adoption of measures for promoting the permanent welfare of the various Indian tribes

28-1Indian AffairsMemorial of the American Indian Mission Association. [434] Ask establishment of boundaries of Indian Territory; providing for general council and representation by agents in Washington.1844-6

DECRETO JUDICIÁRIO Nº 272, de 29 de junho de 2010.

Institui a Unidade TJBA Express – Justiça Rápida com Hora Marcada e dá outras providências. A PRESIDENTE DO TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA DO ESTADO DA BAHIA, no uso de suas atribuições legais

子育てに関するジェンダー意識-女性就業率高位の福井県を事例として-

departmental bulletin pape

Transition within transition: how young people learn to leave behind institutional care whilst their carers are stuck in neutral

This paper discusses findings from a qualitative longitudinal study which explored the process of leaving long-stay institutional state care in Romania during 2002–4, a period at the heart of accelerated EU enforced childcare reform. 28 young people were interviewed before leaving care and 17 were tracked up to 8 months after discharge. 18 practitioners were also interviewed. The findings confirmed Pinkerton's (2006) emphasis on the impact of global and national factors on the individual experience of leaving care. This study took place in a country undergoing widespread change. The care leavers' irreversible transition took place within the simultaneous professional transition of their carers and that of the community with which they needed to integrate. This insight is widely relevant in the current context of public funding cuts and changes in welfare policy in many countries, including the Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. Bridges (2009) was used to understand the experiences of care leavers and their carers. Bridges stresses the role of the leader in creating protective conditions for traversing three unavoidable transition stages: 1. ending old identity/behaviour; 2. a neutral zone of deconstruction and transformation; and 3. a new beginning. Preparation for leaving care can be viewed as learning to end care, followed by the neutral zone which begins at discharge. When lacking family support, formal carers are the young people's main transition guides. However, their professional transition also needs management. Because of top-down, accelerated childcare reforms, the Romanian carers' transitions appeared stuck in the neutral zone, affecting preparation for leaving care. Yet, the availability of learning opportunities after discharge changed the nature of the neutral zone for most of the sample who did better than expected at follow-up. This, supported by Bridges' proposal that learning during transition influences future coping, offers a foundation for new theory

Discourse analysis of teacher comments : A longitudinal study of L2 writing classes

Since written response is a central aspect of composition pedagogy in both first (L1) and second (L2) language courses, it is crucial to develop and apply well-defined models of teacher commentary which are grounded in theory and empirical data. However, although research on response in both L1 and L2 settings has yielded a number of intriguing findings, there is little crossover between the two fields. This study aims to bridge this gap by applying the analytical framework used in a previous study of L1 composition classrooms (Clements, 2004) to longitudinal data drawn from two sections of a L2 composition course. Results show that while both instructors followed a number of patterns in the ways that they commented across drafts, their comments varied in ways that reflected their individual commenting styles.departmental bulletin pape

Letter from the Secretary of War, in relation to the bill (H. R. 1157) to provide for the payment of certain volunteer companies in the service of the United States in the war with Mexico and in the suppression of Indian disturbances in New Mexico

43-1Military AffairsPayment of New Mexico Volunteers. [1615] For supression of Indian hostilities.1874-20

医薬品開発における分子複合体プラットホームの設計と物性評価に関する研究

大阪薬科大学博士(薬科学)thesi