Cu配線材の電気化学的ポリシングの基礎的研究

Cu/Low-kデュアルダマシン配線形成プロセスにおけるCu配線膜ポリシングにおいて、超低圧ポリシング条件で高い加工能率を得ることを目的とした新しい電気化学的ポリシング方法を検討した。本方法は導電性表層と絶縁層を有する多層構造の電解セルパッドをプラテン・ローター型ポリシング装置に適用したもので、電解液に硫酸銅水溶液を使用し、定電圧電解によるCu配線膜の加工特性を測定した。0.1psi以下の加工圧力で800mm/min以上の加工レートが得られ、また、高い面内均一性が得られる可能性を報告する。textapplication/pdfdepartmental bulletin pape

Observation of B̅0→DsJ*(2317)+K- Decay

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Solar neutrino measurements in Super-Kamiokande-II

The results of the second phase of the Super-Kamiokande solar neutrino measurement are presented and compared to the first phase. The solar neutrino flux spectrum and time variation as well as oscillation results are statistically consistent with the first phase and do not show spectral distortion. The timedependent flux measurement of the combined first and second phases coincides with the full period of solar cycle 23 and shows no correlation with solar activity. The measured 8B total flux is (2:38± 0.05(stat.)/begin+0.16 // -0.15/end (sys.)) × 10^6 cm^{-2} s^{-1} and the day-night difference is found to be (-6.3 ±4.2(stat.)±3.7(sys.))%.There is no evidence of systematic tendencies between the first and second phases.journal articl

Temperature-dependent helix-helix transition of an optically active poly (diarylsilylene)

The poly(diarylsilylene) copolymer mainchain helix in (Ar*2Si)x(Ar2S i)1?x [Ar* = 3-(S)-2-methylbutylphenyl, Ar = 4-butylphenyl, x = 0.2] undergoes a thermally driven inversion of helical screw sense with a transition temperature of -10℃.journal articl

貨幣経済における独占的競争の動学的役割

いわゆるニューケインジアンエコノミクスにおいて, 独占的競争(monopolistic competition)は重要な役割を果たしている. 多くの静学理論の経済厚生的含意は独占的な価格付けによる「歪み」(distortion)に基づいている. すなわち財の余暇に対する相対価格が限界転形率に比べて高くなるために, 余暇が過剰となる一方, 消費が過小になるのである. しかしながら理論を動学化すると, 新たな効果が生まれる. 動学的なモデルでは独占力の行使がインフレ率を低下させるのである. つまり名目賃金は現在だけでなく将来の物価水準にも依存する. したがって価格支配力が存在すると, 現在の物価水準は将来に比べて高くなる. すると現在の労働一単位で購える将来財の量が増加するために生涯効用が増加しうるのである. このようにして, 独占力の行使により現在財単位の実質賃金が低下するという負の効果はインフレ率の低下によって完全に打ち消される, この結果製品差別化による独占レントだけが独占力の行使の結果として残る. すなわち, OLGモデルによるナッシュ均衡(price-making equilibrium)はワルラス均衡(price-taking equilibrium)を資源配分上凌駕しうるのである.In the new Keynesian economics, monopolistic competition plays an important role. Many static research is based on the distortion due to the monopolistic pricing.Namely, relative prices of goods to leisure become too high and hence the shortage of consumption and excess leisure appear. Thus the equilibrium of monopolistic competition becomes second best. However when the theory is extended to dynamics, there emerges another important effect of monopolistic competition. In the dynamic model, monopolistic power lowers the inflation rate; nominal wage depends on not only current but also future prices. Consequently the relative prices of current goods to future ones become higher by the monopolistic power. It possibly improves the lifetime utility because the unit current labor supply can buy more future goods. Thus the detrimental effect of the reduction of real wages in terms of the current goods is entirely offset by the lowered inflation rate. Accordingly, there only remains the increase of the monopoly rent due to the product differentiation. In other words, Nash equilibrium (price-making equilibrium) can dominate Walrasian equilibrium (price-taking equilibrium) in the dynamic model.論説General Articledepartmental bulletin pape

三重大学国際交流センター年報 創刊号

application/pdf2005年度後期・2006年度津80research repor

The role of aircraft noise annoyance and noise sensitivity in the association between aircraft noise levels and medication use: results of a pooled-analysis from seven European countries

BackgroundFew studies have considered aircraft noise annoyance and noise sensitivity in analyses of the health effects of aircraft noise, especially in relation to medication use. This study aims to investigate the moderating and mediating role of these two factors in the relationship between aircraft noise levels and medication use among 5860 residents of ten European airports included in the HYENA and DEBATS studies.MethodsInformation on aircraft noise annoyance, noise sensitivity, medication use, and demographic, socio-economic and lifestyle factors was collected during a face-to-face interview at home. Medication was coded according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification. Outdoor aircraft noise exposure was estimated by linking the participant’s home address to noise contours using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) methods. Logistic regressions with adjustment for potential confounding factors were used. In addition, Baron and Kenny’s recommendations were followed to investigate the moderating and mediating effects of aircraft noise annoyance and noise sensitivity.ResultsA significant association was found between aircraft noise levels at night and antihypertensive medication only in the UK (OR = 1.43, 95%CI 1.19–1.73 for a 10 dB(A)-increase in Lnight). No association was found with other medications. Aircraft noise annoyance was significantly associated with the use of antihypertensive medication (OR = 1.33, 95%CI 1.14–1.56), anxiolytics (OR = 1.48, 95%CI 1.08–2.05), hypnotics and sedatives (OR = 1.60, 95%CI 1.07–2.39), and antasthmatics (OR = 1.44, 95%CI 1.07–1.96), with no difference between countries. Noise sensitivity was significantly associated with almost all medications, with the exception of the use of antasthmatics, showing an increase in ORs with the level of noise sensitivity, with differences in ORs among countries only for the use of antihypertensive medication. The results also suggested a mediating role of aircraft noise annoyance and a modifying role of both aircraft noise annoyance and noise sensitivity in the association between aircraft noise levels and medication use.ConclusionsThe present study is consistent with the results of the small number of studies available to date suggesting that both aircraft noise annoyance and noise sensitivity should be taken into account in analyses of the health effects of exposure to aircraft noise.</div

The role of aircraft noise annoyance and noise sensitivity in the association between aircraft noise levels and medication use: results of a pooled-analysis from seven European countries

BackgroundFew studies have considered aircraft noise annoyance and noise sensitivity in analyses of the health effects of aircraft noise, especially in relation to medication use. This study aims to investigate the moderating and mediating role of these two factors in the relationship between aircraft noise levels and medication use among 5860 residents of ten European airports included in the HYENA and DEBATS studies.MethodsInformation on aircraft noise annoyance, noise sensitivity, medication use, and demographic, socio-economic and lifestyle factors was collected during a face-to-face interview at home. Medication was coded according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification. Outdoor aircraft noise exposure was estimated by linking the participant’s home address to noise contours using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) methods. Logistic regressions with adjustment for potential confounding factors were used. In addition, Baron and Kenny’s recommendations were followed to investigate the moderating and mediating effects of aircraft noise annoyance and noise sensitivity.ResultsA significant association was found between aircraft noise levels at night and antihypertensive medication only in the UK (OR = 1.43, 95%CI 1.19–1.73 for a 10 dB(A)-increase in Lnight). No association was found with other medications. Aircraft noise annoyance was significantly associated with the use of antihypertensive medication (OR = 1.33, 95%CI 1.14–1.56), anxiolytics (OR = 1.48, 95%CI 1.08–2.05), hypnotics and sedatives (OR = 1.60, 95%CI 1.07–2.39), and antasthmatics (OR = 1.44, 95%CI 1.07–1.96), with no difference between countries. Noise sensitivity was significantly associated with almost all medications, with the exception of the use of antasthmatics, showing an increase in ORs with the level of noise sensitivity, with differences in ORs among countries only for the use of antihypertensive medication. The results also suggested a mediating role of aircraft noise annoyance and a modifying role of both aircraft noise annoyance and noise sensitivity in the association between aircraft noise levels and medication use.ConclusionsThe present study is consistent with the results of the small number of studies available to date suggesting that both aircraft noise annoyance and noise sensitivity should be taken into account in analyses of the health effects of exposure to aircraft noise.</div

MOESM1 of Saliva cortisol in relation to aircraft noise exposure: pooled-analysis results from seven European countries

Additional file 1: Table S1. Linear regression coefficient after exponentiation for the relation between cortisol outcomes and aircraft noise levels removing in turn one country from the HYENA study. Table S2. Linear regression coefficient after exponentiation for the relation between cortisol outcomes and aircraft noise levels in women under and above 50 years old

Saliva cortisol in relation to aircraft noise exposure: pooled-analysis results from seven European countries

Background: Many studies have demonstrated adverse effects of exposure to aircraft noise on health. Possible biological pathways for these effects include hormonal disturbances. Few studies deal with aircraft noise effects on saliva cortisol in adults, and results are inconsistent. Objective: We aimed to assess the effects of aircraft noise exposure on saliva cortisol levels and its variation in people living near airports. Methods: This study focused on the 1300 residents included in the HYENA and DEBATS cross-sectional studies, with complete information on cortisol sampling. All the participants followed a similar procedure aiming to collect both a morning and an evening saliva cortisol samples. Socioeconomic and lifestyle information were obtained during a face-to-face interview. Outdoor aircraft noise exposure was estimated for each participant's home address. Associations between aircraft noise exposure and cortisol outcomes were investigated a priori for male and female separately, using linear regression models adjusted for relevant confounders. Different approaches were used to characterize cortisol levels, such as morning and evening cortisol concentrations and the absolute and relative variations between morning and evening levels. Results: Statistically significant increases of evening cortisol levels were shown in women with a 10-dB(A) increase in aircraft noise exposure in terms of LAeq, 16h (exp(β) = 1.08; CI95% = 1.00-1.16), Lden (exp(β) = 1.09; CI95% = 1.01-1.18), Lnight (exp(β) = 1.11; CI95% = 1.02-1.20). A statistically significant association was also found in women between a 10-dB(A) increase in terms of Lnight and the absolute variation per hour (exp(β) = 0.90; CI95% = 0.80-1.00). Statistically significant decreases in relative variation per hour were also evidenced in women, with stronger effects with the Lnight (exp(β) = 0.89; CI95% = 0.83-0.96) than with other noise indicators. The morning cortisol levels were unchanged whatever noise exposure indicator considered. There was no statistically significant association between aircraft noise exposure and cortisol outcomes in men. Conclusions: The results of the present study show statistically significant associations between aircraft noise exposure and evening cortisol levels and related flattening in the (absolute and relative) variations per hour in women. Further biological research is needed to deepen knowledge of the pathway between noise exposure and disturbed hormonal regulation, and specially the difference in effects between genders