A first measurement of the interaction cross section of the tau neutrino

The DONuT experiment collected data in 1997 and published first results in 2000 based on four observed $\nu_\tau$ charged-current (CC) interactions. The final analysis of the data collected in the experiment is presented in this paper, based on $3.6 \times 10^{17}$ protons on target using the 800 GeV Tevatron beam at Fermilab. The number of observed $\nu_\tau$ CC interactions is 9, from a total of 578 observed neutrino interactions. We calculated the energy-independent part of the tau-neutrino CC cross section ($\nu + \bar \nu$), relative to the well-known $\nu_e$ and $\nu_\mu$ cross sections. The ratio $\sigma(\nu_\tau)$/$\sigma(\nu_{e,\mu})$ was found to be $1.37\pm0.35\pm0.77$. The $\nu_\tau$ CC cross section was found to be $0.72 \pm 0.24\pm0.36 \times 10^{-38}$ cm$^{2}\rm{GeV}^{-1}$. Both results are in agreement the Standard Model.Comment: 37 pages, 15 figure

The removal method of the influence of heartbeat in the ultrasonic velocity-change method

application/pdfJapanese Journal of Applied Physics. 2019, 58 (8G), P.SGGE17-1-SGGE17-3journal articl

センサー付照明の導入による街路照明の効率的あり方に関する研究

Introducing sensor-controlled lighting is one of the effective measures to save energy consumption. Although this is often used in internal spaces of the building, there are few cases utilized for urban street. This study aims to clarify the effect of sensor lighting on the energy consl1mption and psychological effect on pedestrians. The result of psychological experiment implies most of the alternatives with sensor-control are not preferred due to the lack of brightness. However, some alternatives with both sensor-control and not controlled lighting are equivalent level of three psychological factors to the alternatives with not controlled lighting and they consume less energy. In addition, the result of factor analysis provides the information to control the design elements of lighting apparatus in order to balance the psychological requirements of pedestrians and energy saving.textapplication/pdfdepartmental bulletin pape

Study of Time-Dependent CP Violation in B0→J/ψπ0 Decays

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Hydrophobic effect of trityrosine on heme ligand exchange during folding of cytochrome c

Effect of a hydrophobic peptide on folding of oxidized cytochrome c (cyt c) is studied with trityrosine. Folding of cyt c was initiated by pH jump from 2.3 (acid-unfolded) to 4.2 (folded). The Soret band of the 2-ms transient absorption spectrum during folding decreased its intensity and red-shifted from 397 to 400 nm by interaction with trityrosine, whereas tyrosinol caused no significant effect. The change in the transient absorption spectrum by interaction with trityrosine was similar to that obtained with 100 mM imidazole, which showed that the population of the intermediate His/His coordinated species increased during folding of cyt c by interaction with trityrosine. The absorption change was biphasic, the fast phase (82 ± 9 s^-1) corresponding to the transition from the His/H2O to the His/Met coordinated species, whereas the slow phase (24 ± 3 s^-1) from His/His to His/Met. By addition of trityrosine, the relative ratio of the slow phase increased, due to increase of the His/His species at the initial stage of folding. According to the resonance Raman spectra of cyt c, the high-spin 6-coordinate and low-spin 6-coordinate species were dominated at pH 2.3 and 4.2, respectively, and these species were not affected by addition of trityrosine. These results demonstrated that the His/His species increased by interaction with trityrosine at the initial stage of cyt c folding, whereas the heme coordination structure was not affected by trityrosine when the protein was completely unfolded or folded. Hydrophobic peptides thus may be useful to study the effects of hydrophobic interactions on protein folding.journal articl

大学図書館と地域貢献 : 学術文献・情報の拠点としての地域貢献ポータル (<特集>図書館をアピールする)

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A Developmentally Appropriate Orthotopic Retinoblastoma Xenograft Model

<div><p>(A) Injection of 1,000 cultured human retinoblastoma cells into the vitreal cavity of newborn rat eyes leads to retinoblastoma by two weeks of age. The rats do not require immunosuppression because they are immunonaive for the first 24 hours after birth. This is an ideal model for testing new drugs and for studying the retinoblastoma cancer stem cell properties.</p> <p>(B) Human retinoblastoma cells have been genetically engineered to express the luciferase reporter gene. A two-week-old rat that received an intravitreal injection of Y79-LUC cells at birth is shown. Y79-LUC cells are retinoblastoma cells that express the firefly luciferase gene under the control of a constitutive promoter (see [<a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020332#pmed-0020332-b16" target="_blank">16</a>]). At two weeks, the rat received an intraperitoneal injection of the luciferase substrate (luciferin). The fluorescence is directly proportional to the tumor volume and the number of cells in the tumor. By using the Xenogen imaging system, we can follow individual tumors as they grow and respond to chemotherapy.</p></div

p53 Prevents Invasive, Aggressive Retinoblastoma in Mice

<p><i>Rb</i> was conditionally inactivated in retinal progenitor cells by using the <i>Chx10-Cre</i> transgenic mouse line and the <i>Rb^Lox</i> allele. On a <i>p107</i>-deficient genetic background, these mice develop retinoblastoma with a penetrance of approximately 60%. However, the disease rarely progresses to invasive retinoblastoma with ocular hypertrophy, and the mice rarely become moribund. In contrast, mice lacking both copies of <i>p53</i>, <i>Rb</i>, and <i>p107 (Chx10-Cre;Rb^Lox/−;p53^Lox/−;p107^−/−)</i> in their retinal progenitor cells develop aggressive, invasive retinoblastoma. More importantly, penetrance is 100% as bilateral retinoblastoma with a short latency (100.3 ± 42.3 days), which is ideal for testing new chemotherapeutic drugs. Interestingly, mice with one copy of wild-type <i>Rb</i> also develop invasive, aggressive retinoblastoma, but with a longer latency than do <i>Chx10-Cre;Rb^Lox/−;p53^Lox/−;p107^−/−</i> mice. Preliminary studies indicated that these tumors have lost heterozygosity at the <i>Rb</i> locus; thus, <i>Chx10-Cre;Rb^Lox/−;p53^Lox/−;p107^−/−</i> mice are the only mouse model of retinoblastoma that recapitulates this feature of human retinoblastoma.</p

The Eye Is a Transparent System That Permits Direct Visualization of Retinoblastoma

<div><p>(A) Untreated retinoblastoma involving the macula of the left eye. The translucent cornea and lens allow detailed visualization. The tumor is an amelanotic, partially calcified mass that has broken through the overlying retina. Dilated arterioles infiltrate the tumor.</p> <p>(B) The same tumor after being treated with chemotherapy. The mass has completely calcified, and the caliber of the overlying retinal vessels has diminished. A focal area of atrophied retinal pigmented epithelium surrounds the lesion.</p></div

Image_1_The burden and scope of childhood cancer in displaced patients in Jordan: The King Hussein Cancer Center and Foundation Experience.jpeg

IntroductionJordan hosts one of the highest numbers of refugees per capita in the world, with the Syrian crisis leading to an influx of displaced persons to the already vulnerable population. However, limited resources and a lack of cancer-care strategies have made it difficult for refugees in Jordan to access quality cancer care. The King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) and Foundation (KHCF) have played a pivotal role in providing financial and medical support for displaced children with cancer, treating 968 non-Jordanian children with cancer between 2011-2022, with a median age of 6 years. Of these, 84% were fully funded by KHCF, and nationalities included Syrians (29%), Palestinians (26%), Iraqis (23%), and Yemenis (17%). Cancer diagnoses included solid tumors (44%), leukemia (23%), lymphoma (13%), bone sarcomas (9.5%), and retinoblastoma (9.1%). The median cost of treatment was JOD 18,000 (USD 25,352), with a total estimated cost of JOD 23.8 million (USD 33.5 million). More recently, in partnership with St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital (SJCRH), two successive humanitarian funds (HF) were established to optimize cancer care for displaced children in Jordan.ResultsBetween February 2018 and September 2022, 51 children were fully treated on KHCC-SJCRH-HF, with a median age of 6 years and nationalities including Syrians (80%), Iraqis (6%), and Yemenis (8%). The most common cancer diagnoses were leukemia (41%), lymphoma (25%), solid tumors (24%), retinoblastoma (6%), and brain tumors (4%). Of these, 94% are alive and 51% are still receiving coverage. The median coverage for patients was JOD 21,808 (USD 30,715), and the total cost of treatment on KHCC/KHCF-SJCRH/American Lebanese Syrian-Associated Charities HF1 and HF2 was JOD 1.44 million (USD 1.97 million) and JOD 1.18 million (USD 1.67 million), respectively.ConclusionThis experience highlights the high burden of displaced children with cancer in Jordan, and the importance of local foundations like KHCC/KHCF and partnerships with international partners like SJCRH in providing lifesaving humanitarian initiatives and quality cancer care. Innovative cancer-care delivery models and sustainable financing are essential to ensure continuous coverage and access to cancer care for displaced persons in Jordan.</p