母親・父親の視点から見た現代家庭の実相 : 子ども・母親・父親の関わりと非行問題

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Observation of D_s1(2536)^+ → D^+π^-K^+ and angular decomposition of D_s1(2536)^+ →D^*+K_S^0

Using 462 fb^{-1} of e^+e^- annihilation data recorded by the Belle detector, we report the first observation of the decay D_s1(2536)^+　→　D+π^-K^+. The ratio of branching fractions \frac{B(D_s1(2536)^+ → D^+π^- K^+}{B(D_s1(2536)^+ → D+K^0}is measured to be (3.27±0.18±0.37)%. We also study the angular distributions in the D_s1(2536)^+　→D*+K_S^0 decay and measure the ratio of D- and S-wave amplitudes. The S-wave dominates, with a partial width of Γ_S/Γtotal=0.72±0.05±0.01.journal articl

Evidence for Direct CP Violation in B0→K+π-Decays

journal articl

Synthesis, Properties and Crystal Structures of 2,7,12,17-Tetraarylporphycenes

We have synthesized 2,7,12,17-tetraarylporphycenes, which have phenyl (7a), p-trifluoromethylphenyl (7b) or p-methoxyphenyl (7c) groups, by McMurry coupling. The crystal structures revealed that 7a formed a herringbone-type arrangement, while 7b formed a slip-stacked structure with π-π stacking. The reduction potentials of these porphycenes depend on the attached aryl groups: -1.02 V (vs. ferrocene/ferrocenium cation) for 7b (Ar = p-C6H4CF3), -1.17 V for 7a (Ar = Ph) and -1.23 V for 7c (Ar = p-C6H4OMe), which are close to that of PC61BM (Ered = -1.08 V). These porphycenes, thus, are expected to behave as n-type semiconducting materials in OTFT and OPV devices.journal articl

關於邱妙津作品裡「鱷魚」意象: 以台湾現代文學之中的日本文學的「引用」為中心

在閱讀《鱷魚手記》時，除發現各種電影、文學作品的「引用」交織其中，更能解讀出其「引用」手法。而在解讀的過程中，也可以發現必須透過《鱷魚手記》的「引用」，才能更進一步解讀許多日本文學作品的可能性。而本文則欲特別著眼於：邱妙津別出心裁地采用了「鱷魚」這個意象表徵，此一奇想究竟源自何處？　本文將再舉出四個文本，即村上春樹〈綠色的獸〉(1991)、岡崎京子《PINK》(1989)、阿部公房《他人之臉》(1964)、《箱男》(1973)等，來探討營造出「鱷魚」意象的源頭。同時也試圖探索一種完全不動的「引用」方式。例如與〈綠色的獸〉本身雖無直接關係，但在另一篇作品《開往中國的慢船》的中介作用之下，仍產生互文性的例子。亦有如《PINK》這種因時代相同而產生相似靈感的情形，或應該說，這或許也是她們「引用」許多共同文本所產生的結果。另外在《他人之臉》、《箱男》部分，引用的部分看似不多其實卻有如「分身的手記」這個作品結構，以及「藉由書寫手記營造錯綜複雜的存在」這種深入其寫作策略本質的「引用」方式。 在藉此追尋邱妙津想像力（Imagination）來源的同時，更欲探討日本文學是如何與邱妙津這樣同時代的優秀作家展開對話。departmental bulletin pape

Meta-Analysis Identifies Putative Direct Targets of SHR and Their Promoters Are Bound In Vivo by SHR

<div><p>(A) Identification of SHR direct targets using meta-analysis. The putative direct targets of SHR were identified by combining the results from three independent experiments: the “direct induction,” “ectopic expression,” and “loss-of-function” (LOF) experiments. The fold change (FC) and <i>p</i>-values for the direct targets in each experiment are shown. Using a meta-analysis approach, the <i>p</i>-values from the three independent approaches were combined, a single meta-analysis <i>p</i>-value was calculated for each gene, and the false discovery rate was then estimated by calculating <i>q</i>-values (meta-analysis <i>q</i>-value). The FC and <i>p</i>-value obtained in the “induction experiment” (Ind) are also indicated. </p> <p>(B) Demonstration of SHR binding to the promoter regions of the candidate direct targets using ChIP-QRT-PCR (see <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0040143#s4" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>). </p> <p>(C) Tiling of the <i>SCR</i> promoter using ChIP-QRT-PCR. Overlapping primers specific to 200- to 350-bp regions along 1.8 kb of the <i>SCR</i> promoter were used to identify the regions bound by SHR (see <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0040143#s4" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>). </p></div

The <i>SHR</i> Pathway Is Essential for Stem Cell Specification and Radial Patterning of the Root

<div><p>(A) Schematic of a transverse section showing <i>Arabidopsis</i> root anatomy. Cei, cortex-endodermis initials; Ceid, cortex-endodermis initial daughters; Cor, cortex; Crc, columella root cap; Cri, columella root cap initials; End, endodermis; Epi, epidermis; Eri, epidermis-root cap initials; Lrc, lateral root cap; Per, pericycle; QC, quiescent center; Ste, stele; Vas, vascular cylinder. </p> <p>(B) Diagram of the cell divisions that form endodermis and cortex. The color code is as in (A). The two arrowheads indicate the transverse division of the Cei and the longitudinal division of the Ceid.</p> <p>(C) The SHR and SCR domain. The SHR protein (left) is present in the stele, the endodermis, the QC, the Cei, and the Ceid. <i>SCR</i> (right) is transcribed specifically in the QC, the Cei, and the Ceid. </p> <p>(D–F) Confocal section of roots from 5-d-old wild-type (D), <i>shr-2</i> (E), and <i>scr-4</i> (F). Cor, cortex; End, endodermis; Mut, mutant layer. Scale bars: 25 μm. </p></div

A Mutation in <i>SHR</i> Affects the Development of the Stele

<div><p>(A) Cellular parameters of stele development in <i>shr-2</i> mutants, <i>scr-4</i> mutants, and the corresponding wild-type plants (Col-0 for <i>shr-2</i> and Ws for <i>scr-4</i>). The number of stele initials, the stele width 100 μm above QC, and the number of stele cell files visible on median longitudinal optical sections in the same region were measured in 4-d-old plants. The results ± standard deviation are indicated, as well as the number of plants analyzed in each case (in between parenthesis). The stars indicate values that are significantly different in the mutant compared to wild-type ( <i>t</i>-test: <i>p</i> < 0.01). </p> <p>(B–E) Expression of the Q0990 GFP marker in 5-d-old <i>shr-2</i> mutants and wild-type plants. (B and D) Longitudinal (B) and transverse (D) optical section of a wild-type root. (C and E) Longitudinal (C) and transverse (E) optical section of a <i>shr-2</i> mutant root. </p> <p>(F–I) Expression of the J2094 GFP marker in 5-d-old <i>shr-2</i> mutants and wild-type plants. (F and H) Longitudinal (F) and transverse (H) optical section of a wild-type root. (G and I) Longitudinal (G) and transverse (I) optical section of an <i>shr-2</i> mutant root. </p> <p>Scale bars: 25 μm.</p></div

The SHR Direct Targets Are Regulated In Planta by SHR and Are Significantly Enriched in the SHR Domain

<div><p>(A and B) Expression of SHR direct targets in the root using the digital in situ data. (A) Relative expression of the SHR direct targets in the radial zones. (B) Relative expression of the SHR direct targets in the longitudinal root zones. A statistical analysis of the digital in situ data was performed to determine if the SHR direct targets are enriched in tissues in which the SHR protein is present (SHR domain, designated with a red arrow): the quiescent center and initials (QC/initials), endodermis, pericycle, and stele. A similar analysis was performed to determine significant enrichment in a specific longitudinal zone. The asterisk (*) marks the zone in which enrichment was found statistically significant in those analyses. See <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0040143#s4" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a> for a description of the statistical analysis. </p> <p>(C–F) Whole-mount in situ hybridization of <i>MGP</i> in wild-type and <i>shr-2</i> embryonic and postembryonic tissues. (C) Wild-type globular embryo. (D) Root of wild-type torpedo embryo. (E) A 2-d-old wild-type root. Inset in (E): A 2-d-old wild-type root hybridized with <i>MGP</i> sense probe. (F) A 2-d-old <i>shr-2</i> root. </p> <p>(G–J) Whole-mount in situ hybridization of <i>NUC</i> in wild-type and <i>shr-2</i> embryonic and postembryonic tissues. (G) Wild-type transition embryo. (H) Root of wild-type torpedo embryo. (I) A 2-d-old wild-type root. Inset in (I): A 2-d-old wild-type root hybridized with <i>MGP</i> sense probe. (J) A 2-d-old <i>shr-2</i> root. </p></div

Models for SHR Function in Root Development

<div><p>(A) The interaction of SHR with various coregulators allows for the activation of specific direct targets defining five functional subdomains in the SHR domain: the QC, the early endodermis, the late endodermis, the early stele, and the late stele. The spatial specificity of the different direct targets allows SHR to function in QC specification, CEI asymmetric cell division, early and late endodermal specification, but also early and late stele specification. The gene name was indicated in black or in gray when the expression was inferred from RNA in situ hybridization or digital in situ data, respectively. The stars indicate genes for which binding to the promoter region was demonstrated by ChIP-QRT-PCR.</p> <p>(B) Global model of the SHR developmental pathway. SHR controls root development through the regulation of three interconnected modules: a transcription regulator module, a hormonal module, and a signaling module. The interactions between these three modules determine the developmental output of the pathway on stem cell niche specification, radial patterning, and stele development.</p></div