Characteristics and climatic sensitivities of runoff from a cold-type glacier on the Tibetan Plateau

Model calculations are made in order to understand the characteristics and response to climate change of runoff from a cold glacier on the Tibetan Plateau. Some 20% of meltwater is preserved at the snow.ice boundary due to refreezing, since the glaciers in mid to northern Tibet are sufficiently cooled during the previous winter. Sensitivity to alterations in meteorological parameters has revealed that a change in air temperature would cause not only an increase in melting by sensible heat, but also a drastic increase in melting due to lowering of the albedo, since some of the snowfall changes to rainfall. In addition, it was suggested that a decrease in precipitation would cause a lowering of the surface albedo, with a resulting increase in the contribution of glacier runoff to the total runoff of river water. This study shows the first quantitative evaluation of the above effects, though they have been suggested qualitatively. The seasonal sensitivity of glacier runoff was examined by changing the dates given for a meteorological perturbation for a period of only 5 days. It was revealed that changes in both air temperature and precipitation during the melting season strongly affected glacier runoff by changing the surface albedo, though these perturbations only slightly altered the annual averages.journal articl

Observation of Large CP Violation and Evidence for Direct CP Violation in B0→π+π- Decays

journal articl

横濱土産 二編

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Multiple Environmental Monitoring Techniques for Assessing Spatial Patterns of Airborne Tungsten

This paper describes the application of the chemistry of total suspended particulates, lichens/mosses, and surface dust for assessing spatial patterns of airborne tungsten and other metals. These techniques were used recently in Fallon, NV, where distinctive spatial patterns of airborne tungsten were demonstrated. However, doubt has been raised about the extent of airborne tungsten in Fallon. Therefore, these techniques were tested specifically for W in another town that has a small industry known to emit tungsten particles. Airborne particulates were collected in Sweet Home, OR, as well as in nearby comparison towns to provide baseline data. Lichens/mosses were collected in Sweet Home near the known source of W as well as outside of Sweet Home. Surface dust was collected throughout Sweet Home to map concentrations of metals. All three of these environmental monitoring techniques confirm that W is elevated right near the known source of airborne W in Sweet Home but no where else in Sweet Home. This test should allay doubts about the multiple findings of elevated airborne W in Fallon, NV, and this should also instill confidence in these techniques generally for assessing W and other metals in urban environments

A multi-regional obsidian database for the Eastern Plains

Northern and Central Plains obsidian artifacts curated by the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History have received little attention by researchers working to understand the nature of long-distance trade, exchange, and interaction. We present the results of a chemical analysis of obsidian stone tools and debitage from these collections. Significant differences in patterns of obsidian use exist between the Northern and Central Plains. Shifts in obsidian use through time within the Central Plains may indicate larger socioeconomic shifts, while obsidian from Northern Plains assemblages suggests an antiquity to interaction networks at least as old as the first Plains Village sites in the region. By creating the first multi-regional obsidian database encompassing parts of the Northern and Central Plains, we expect that the data and our interpretations enhance discussions at the intersection of trade, exchange, and inter-group interaction in the Northern as well as Central Plains.</p

研究解説 : 培養細胞を用いる簡便・迅速なバイオアッセイに関する研究の現状と課題

departmental bulletin pape

Median concentrations of tungsten (), cobalt (), copper (), cadmium (), and lead () in Nevada tree rings through time

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Temporal Variability of Tungsten and Cobalt in Fallon, Nevada"</p><p></p><p>Environmental Health Perspectives 2007;115(5):715-719.</p><p>Published online 20 Feb 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1867993.</p><p>This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original DOI</p> In all cases, the solid line indicates Fallon ( = 5 trees) and the dashed line indicates comparison towns ( = 6 trees). Data are plotted using the approximate mid-point of each time period as the -axis value. -Values of significance from the one-tailed Mann-Whitney tests of medians () are given for each time period for each element

Mechanism assay of interaction between blood vessels-near infrared probe and cell surface marker proteins of endothelial cells

In vivo blood vessels imaging is crucial to study blood vessels related diseases in real-time. For this purpose, fluorescent based imaging is one of the utmost techniques for imaging a living system. The discovery of a new near-infrared probe (CyA-B2) by screening chemical probe library in our previous report which showed the most specific binding on the blood capillaries of the 3D-tissue models give us interest to study more about the binding site of this probe to the surface of endothelial cells main component cell of blood capillaries. By studying the competition assays of CyA-B2 using several potential surface markers of endothelial cells found through the chemical database (ChEMBL) and manually selected, CD133 gave the lowest IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) value. Hence, CD133 protein which is expressed on the endothelial cell membrane was postulated to be the binding site due to the suppression of CyA-B2 on the blood capillaries by the competition assays. Since, CD133 is also expressed on many types of cancer cells, it would be useful to use CyA-B2 as a bioprobe to monitor or diagnostic tumor growth.journal articl

Observed versus expected male and female hiring trends for anthropology departments divided into 5-year increments based on the year an individual graduated and the department type (highest degree offered) an individual is hired into.

(A) PhD programs, (B) MA/MS programs, and (C) and BA/BS programs. Males have been systematically over hired into PhD departments (A) and MA/MS For BA/BS departments (C), the percentages of females hired have been more or less equal to the percentage of female PhD graduates with the exception of the period 1990–1994.</p

Market share and recent hiring trends in anthropology faculty positions - Fig 2

Comparison of PhD origin versus the destination department (where the individual is ultimately employed) for 1994–2003 (A) and 2004–2014 (B). The x-axis depicts the type of program that PhD graduates are hired into relative to the rank of the program from where individual graduated. Academic market share change over the past 20 years has increasingly favored the hiring of PhD graduates from anthropology programs in the 90th percentile and higher into higher ranked anthropology PhD programs.</p