海外に見る「過疎化」がもたらす影響（Ⅰ） : 中国・延辺朝鮮族自治州延吉市 : 「留守児童」の事例研究（研究1）・調査研究（研究２）<教育科学>

The purpose of this research is to clarify the present situation where parents migrate overseas or metropolitan areas leaving children at school age seeking economic income, and the influence of parent’s absence on children through the eyes of the child (“Away child: child whose parent is not living together”). We selected Yanji city of Youanbian Korean autonomous state in the northeastern part of China as research site. This is because the Korean people’s outflow due to “migration” has progressed remarkably, and the population is rapidly decreasing. The decrease in the total population means that the number of residents in the area will decrease, resulting in the consolidation and elimination of administrative agencies. Also, the number of children is decreasing, and consolidation and elimination of elementary school and junior high school progresses. In Japan too, depopulation of rural areas and intertwined areas has expanded, it has long been pointed out the difficulty of maintaining administrative organizations and the difficulty of maintaining residents’ lives. The issue of “depopulation” of Yanji city is in common with the “depopulation” problem of Japan in that population is concentrated in urban areas in search of economic income. The declining birthrate and increasing aging population in Japan will rapidly progress in the near future. How do we conceive the future of the lives of the local community and residents and how to open up the perspective on chil-dren’s education? We believe that the case of Yanji city will give suggestions on how we can resolve to these problems. Large part of the parents live apart from children of school age for years due to “migrant work”. The effect of this “separation” between parent and child on mental and psychological development of children was clarified by interview. We discussed the results from the child’s developmental point of view.textapplication/pdfdepartmental bulletin pape

High-affinity uptake of kynurenine and nitric oxide-mediated inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in bone marrow-derived myeloid dendritic cells

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-initiated tryptophan metabolism along the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway in some dendritic cells (DC) such as plasmacytoid DC regulates T-cell responses. It is unclear whether bone marrow-derived myeloid DC (BMDC) express functional IDO. The IDO expression was examined in CD11c+CD11b+ BMDC differentiated from mouse bone marrow cells using GM-CSF. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG) induced the expression of IDO protein with the production of nitric oxide (NO) in BMDC in cultures for 24 hr. In the enzyme assay using cellular extracts of BMDC, the IDO activity of BMDC stimulated with CpG was enhanced by the addition of a NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, suggesting that IDO activity was suppressed by NO production. On the other hand, the concentration of Kyn in the culture supernatant of BMDC was not increased by stimulation with CpG. Exogenously added Kyn was taken up by BMDC independently of CpG stimulation and NO production, and the uptake of Kyn was inhibited by a transport system L-specific inhibitor or high concentrations of tryptophan. The uptake of tryptophan by BMDC was markedly lower than that of Kyn. In conclusion, IDO activity in BMDC is down-regulated by NO production, whereas BMDC strongly take up exogenous Kyn.journal articl

Upper Bound on the Decay τ→μγ from the Belle Detector

journal articl

Mean values (SEM) of oxLDL, MMP9, ICAM1 and MCP1 determined before clamping (1), during clamping (5) and 15 minutes after declamping (9)

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Relationships between free radical levels during carotid endarterectomy and markers of arteriosclerotic disease"</p><p></p><p>International Journal of Medical Sciences 2007;4(3):124-130.</p><p>Published online 14 Apr 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1868659.</p><p>© Ivyspring International Publisher. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Reproduction is permitted for personal, noncommercial use, provided that the article is in whole, unmodified, and properly cited.</p> Stars denote significant differences compared to preclamp values. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01

Free radical production measured in vitro in blood samples from the internal jugular vein

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Relationships between free radical levels during carotid endarterectomy and markers of arteriosclerotic disease"</p><p></p><p>International Journal of Medical Sciences 2007;4(3):124-130.</p><p>Published online 14 Apr 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1868659.</p><p>© Ivyspring International Publisher. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Reproduction is permitted for personal, noncommercial use, provided that the article is in whole, unmodified, and properly cited.</p> Mean values ± SEM are given for OXANO values obtained before clamp, during clamp and at reperfusion. n = 13