Types of utterances in the development of pretend play<教育科学>

Children mainly use words to express their intentions during pretend play and obtain a common understanding of pretend play theme they are performing. This study focuses on utterances that are made during pretend play, which was classified into two types; “pretending” utterances, which are made by pretending to be different characters, and “non-pretending” utterances, which are communicative words directed at self and others. The correlation between the appearance of the two types of utterances and the development of pretend play was analyzed. It was assumed that children would skillfully use pretending and non-pretending utterances depending on the situation, and these skills might be crucial for the smooth performance of pretend play. Conditions related to the spontaneous performance of pretend play by young children in kindergarten classes for 3-5-year-olds were observed, and thirty pretend play types were analyzed. “Pretending” utterances and “Non-pretending” utterances were noted based on the episode, and according to the development of play. The number of each type utterance and interactions between utterances and the development of play was qualitatively analyzed. The results indicated that pretend play developed more smoothly in episodes in which pretending utterances and non-pretending utterances were well-balanced, compared to episodes in which one of the two types of utterances appeared more often than the other. The characteristics of utterances depending on age indicated that younger children often made non-pretending utterances through which they spontaneously explained their situation to adults, or tried to interact with them. Older children, on the other hand, tended not to interact with adults.textapplication/pdfdepartmental bulletin pape

Year 2015 Tottori University Lectures for Teacher Certificate Renewal

departmental bulletin pape

Observation of the DsJ(2317) and DsJ(2457) in B Decays

journal articl

ON THE FLIP OPERATIONS OF CLIQUE-ACYCLIC ORIENTATIONS OF GRAPHS

application/pdfIn this paper, we study the edge flip operations on some classes of clique-acyclic digraphs (that is, digraphs containing no directed triangle), especially we show that if ＄G＄ is a simple undirected graph whose every induced subgraph has a vertex ＄v＄ whose degree ＄5(v)￥leqq 7＄, any two clique-acyclic orientations ＄￥pi＄ and ＄￥pi^{￥prime}＄ have a sequence of clique-acyclic orientations ＄￥pi=￥pi 0,＄ ＄￥pi_{1},＄ ＄￥ldots＄ , ＄￥pi￥iota=￥pi^{￥prime}＄ such that we obtain ＄￥pi＄, by reversing the orientation of one single edge of ＄￥pi_{i-1}＄ , (then we call that ＄￥pi＄' is attainable from ＄￥pi＄). The latter bound "＄￥delta(G)￥leqq 7＄'' is sharp. Actually, if ＄G＄ is a connected 8-regular graph, then there are exactly five examples of ＄G＄ each of which has a clique-acyclic orientation such that, if we flip any edge of it, the resulting new orientation has a directed triangle. Last, we show that, except for the above five examples of ＄G＄ , any two clique-acyclic orientations of a connected graph ＄G＄ whose maximum degree ＄￥Delta(G)￥leqq 8＄ , are attainable from one to another.departmental bulletin pape

microdon

Trifolium microdon Hooker & Arnottthimble clover;squarehead clover;small-cupped clover;Valparaiso clovertrèfle à petites dentsTrifolium microdonGowland Point at extreme SE end of Pender Islandopen, rocky-grassy pointT. microcephalumcommo

Remediation of As contamination in the mining area Lessons from the Korean experienc

Several hundreds of abandoned metal mines in Korea are the major anthropogenic sources of As contamination to the nearby environment and similar issues have been raised in all around the world including Canada, China, Indonesia, Japan, Spain and the United Kingdom. The Chungyang area in Korea is adjacent to the abandoned Au-Ag mine, the Gubong mine, which was closed in the 1970s. Large amounts of mine wastes have been remained without proper restoration and transported into the vicinity area.This relocation of mine waste took place mainly during the summer season due to heavy rains and became the serious problem because of the sequential contamination of groundwater and crop plants. Stabilization using proper additives is an effective soil remediation technique to reduce As mobility in soil. Numerous studies have reported that Fe-containing materials, which are amorphous Fe-oxides,goethite and hematite, were effective in As immobilization and acid mine drainage sludge （AMDS） may be potential material for As immobilization. The AMDS is the by-product, from electrochemical treatment of acid mine drainage and mainly contains Fe-oxide. Batch experiments, continuous flow column experiments and field applications were carried out to assess As immobilization efficiency and feasibility. In addition, grown rice grain was analyzed by XANES to confirm the As immobilization from the determination of chemical speciation. For the assessment of stabilization, we used to determine the As concentration in crop plants grown on the field site but it is not easily applicable because of time and cost. Therefore, we may need simple monitoring technique to measure the mobility or leachability which can be comparable with As concentration in crop plants. We selected several As extractability test using single extractions to predict the As mobility for the field soils. Amount of leached As concentration by single extraction was different among each extraction protocol wIth the characteristics of soil and extractant. Single extractions were statistically interpreted and these extractions leached by similar mechanism showed the high similarity by cluster analysis. As result, one representative single extraction can be suggested as the best monitoring tool for the investigation As leachability and mobility in the soil stabilization process.othe

0812-9869-9940 (WA), Jual Keranda Mayat Kedungwadas

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The pattern discovered for PDB chain PDB:, chain A, where the pattern blocks are shown in with different blocks plotted in distinct colors and the RHO-GDI Beta protein is plotted in blue

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Identification of hot regions in protein-protein interactions by sequential pattern mining"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/8/S5/S8</p><p>BMC Bioinformatics 2007;8(Suppl 5):S8-S8.</p><p>Published online 24 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1892096.</p><p></p> This maximum-size pattern hits the contact regions of P21-RAC2 when interacting with the protein RHO-GDI Beta

Representation of the GrpE-DnaKATPase complex PDB: with the pattern found by MAGIIC-PRO for GrpE protein

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Identification of hot regions in protein-protein interactions by sequential pattern mining"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/8/S5/S8</p><p>BMC Bioinformatics 2007;8(Suppl 5):S8-S8.</p><p>Published online 24 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1892096.</p><p></p> The pattern is plotted as , GrpE as , and DnaKATPase as display

Example used to illustrate how the patterns generated by MAGIIC-PRO facilitate the study of identifying hot regions

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Identification of hot regions in protein-protein interactions by sequential pattern mining"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/8/S5/S8</p><p>BMC Bioinformatics 2007;8(Suppl 5):S8-S8.</p><p>Published online 24 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1892096.</p><p></p> The protruding residue Arg15 of 5L15 (chain I) falls in the first block of the derived pattern and the structurally conserved residues in the complemented pocket of VIIa (chain H) can be found in the three blocks of the derived pattern. The patterns are plotted as representation on the structure and colored in the same way as in their regular expression form