Deformation of a partially molten D” layer by small-scale convection and the resulting seismic anisotropy and ultralow velocity zone

Partially molten regions in the lowermost mantle have been inferred to exist by the discovery of the ultralow velocity zone (ULVZ). We consider a small-scale stagnant-lid convection in the D′′layer, following [Solomatov, V.S., Moresi, L.N., 2002. Small-scale convection in the D′′layer. J. Geophys. Res., 107, doi:10.1029/2000JB000063.], to investigate the relationship between partial melt and seismic anisotropies often found in the D′′layer. Such convection can bring melts in the D′′layer from the ULVZ, deform the melt inclusions, and accordingly would profoundly affect seismic structures including anisotropies. We therefore calculate the deformation history of partially molten regions at the base of the D′′layer which is heated from below, using a 2D model with a strongly temperature dependent viscosity. An initially isotropic partial melt is strongly deformed by the viscous stress caused by thermal convection, and becomes anisotropic by shape preferred orientation (SPO) of melt inclusions, whose aspect ratios are of the order of 101 to 102 at the base of the plume and become as large as 103 to 104 in the plume head. We calculate the effective elastic constants for such anisotropic media which contain deformed melt inclusions, and obtain the seismic velocity for a horizontal ray path. We find that the horizontally averaged velocity profile can be correlated with convective patterns. If melting occurs not only in the ULVZ but extends to the top of hot regions of the D′′layer, the vertical seismic profile consists of three layers corresponding to the base, conduit and head of a rising plume. The lowermost layer, which corresponds to the ULVZ, becomes strongly anisotropic with VSH>VSV. The deformation and alignment of the melt, rather than the melting itself, is primarily responsible for reducing the seismic velocity. On the other hand, in the conduit, the anisotropy is of VSV>VSH type because of vertical alignment. In the plume head, the anisotropy is of VSH>VSV type with a magnitude of about 2%. We discuss how shear wave anisotropy may be used to infer the temporal evolution of the D′′layer.journal articl

Basic research on creating tools for supporting the elderly with virtual technology

VR (Virtual Reality) technology itself is a word we often hear these days, but it has been studied for a long time. A little trace of the history of VR, it is said that the airplane simulator "Link Trainer" developed by Mr.Link in the 1930s is the predecessor technology. Initially, it was introduced as a playground equipment in amusement parks, etc., but after World War II, the military and others gradually began to introduce it for aviator training2). In 1968, computer researcher Ivan Sutherland developed the first ever head-mounted display "The Sword of Damocles"3). In the 1990s, the VR boom broke out, and it attracted attention due to its use in theme parks and the release of household equipment, but it ended up with incomplete combustion due to the need for expensive and large-scale equipment. In 2016, the current mainstream VR devices were released all at once, and it is called the "first year of VR" as a memorable year when the spread of VR began in earnest. Although it has not been long since the spread of VR in general, various VR apps and services have become available, and it is attracting attention not only in entertainment but also in medical care, education, tourism, etc1). In this research, by reproducing the virtual space using VR technology, we can easily experience the same world as the real world, and as a medical support that elderly people can enjoy and easily experience brain exercises, simple exercises, and therapies. The goal is to develop the system.departmental bulletin pape

Observation of the Decay B0→D±D*∓

journal articl

A Literature Review on Kaizen : What Have We Learned over the Past 30 Years?

In order to survive and maintain competitive advantages in a specific market, an enterprise needs to continuously improve the level of its products' quality by using appropriate technologies, systematically increase productivity and shorten lead time. Kaizen is a significant and recognized management philosophy that can help enterprises achieve these goals, no matter what their products are. Since the concept of Kaizen was definitively put forward by Imai Masaki in 1986, Kaizen management has expanded from quality, productivity and lead time to general business, from manufacturing industries to other industries and from Japan to other countries around the world. This research note reviews the definition and method of Kaizen as the basis of Kaizen study, followed by implementation and international transfer of Kaizen in the practical domain of Kaizen study and finally extends the conceptual foundation of Kaizen into innovation study, explains the relationship between Kaizen and innovation in order not only to review and discover what have we learned about Kaizen over the past 30 years but also to strengthen the conceptual foundation and broaden the research framework of Kaizen in a clear and logical way. The ideas and findings reviewed in this research note also indicate the current state of the research stream, its overall trajectory and the emerging tendency for further research on Kaizen management and industry study in the future.departmental bulletin pape

The current situation and issues of the teaching of English in Malaysia

departmental bulletin pape

コウボ ユビキチンリガーゼ Rsp 5 ノ エンドサイトーシス ヲ カイシ タ タンパクシツ ブンカイ キコウ

奈良先端科学技術大学院大学博士(バイオサイエンス)doctoral thesi

Study on Prediction of Freeze-Thaw Cycles in Concrete Structural Members in Cold Regions

application/pdfThe durability and service life of concrete structures are related to changes in the concrete surface temperature， which is an external deterioration factor，and the cycles of freezing and thawing that the changes induce. In this study，we predict the relationship between continuous changes in surface temperature about the freezing point and the cycles of freezing and thawing well below the surface，using a method of calculating freezing and thawing at a point below the surface and determining the calculation's accuracy based on changing boundary thermal conditions，which are related to solar irradiation and so on.departmental bulletin pape

Rxfp1 and Rxfp2 transcripts are present throughout the reproductive tract of the male rat

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Relaxin family peptide receptors Rxfp1 and Rxfp2: mapping of the mRNA and protein distribution in the reproductive tract of the male rat"</p><p>http://www.rbej.com/content/5/1/29</p><p>Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E 2007;5():29-29.</p><p>Published online 10 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1947996.</p><p></p> [A] Agarose gel electrophoresis with Rxfp1 (left panel, 452 bp product) and Rxfp2 (right panel, 775 bp product) transcripts amplified by RT-PCR from the testis (lane 1) and vas deferens (lane 2). Arrows indicate the expected product. [B] Densitometric analysis of Southern blots of Rxfp1 (left) and Rxfp2 (right) transcripts amplified by RT-PCR from various tissues of the male reproductive tract. Results are mean ± SEM of measurements with RNAs from 3 – 5 independent experiments, each with a different animal. [C] RT-PCR analysis of the presence of exon 4 in Rxfp1 transcripts (1837 bp product) in myometrium (lane M), testis (lane 1) and vas deferens (lane 2). Result is representative of 3 independent experiments, each with a different animal

Localization of Rxfp1 protein in the testis (A, B) and vas deferens (C, D)

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Relaxin family peptide receptors Rxfp1 and Rxfp2: mapping of the mRNA and protein distribution in the reproductive tract of the male rat"</p><p>http://www.rbej.com/content/5/1/29</p><p>Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E 2007;5():29-29.</p><p>Published online 10 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1947996.</p><p></p> Immunohistochemistry for Rxfp1 (1:100 dilution of primary antibody) was done in cryosections of the testis and vas deferens; sections were counterstained with methylene blue. Inserts show controls incubated with non-immune rabbit serum instead of primary antibody. Scale bars are 5 μm. Results are representative of at least 3 independent determinations, each one with a different animal. bv = blood vessel, ep = epithelial layer, lu = lumen, m = muscular layer, mc = myoid cells, sp = spermatid. Arrows indicate labeled epithelial cells, arrow heads indicate labeled muscular cells, double-headed arrows indicate labeled spermatids and open-headed arrow indicates labeled myoid cells