戦前中国の風俗絵はがきの世界（近藤恒弘氏 寄贈）珍らしき北支の風俗

連載　中国絵はがきコレクション紹介10　シリーズ最終回departmental bulletin pape

乱流太陽系星雲でのダストの生長と微惑星の形成

太陽系の母胎となった原始太陽系星雲の乱流状態を明らかにし,その中でのダストの生長を計算した。その中で以下に述べるように星雲の内縁付近から吹き出す双極分子流の役割が大きいことが明らかになった。双極分子流のメカニズムとしては,中心星が持つ磁場が自転とともに回転することにより,降着物質の一部を遠心力で外向きに飛ばすことが考えられる。星雲中のダストはガスに角運動量を受け渡すことにより,乱流状態のディスク中を内側に向かって移動するが,中心星と共回転するディスク中の領域(X領域)まで達するとそこに濃集する。X領域の温度は1500K前後と推定され,そこでダストは部分蒸発を経験する。このダストの一部は双極分子流に乗って外側に吹き飛ばされる。このときダストの質量によって分別が起こり,数cm以上に成長したダストはX領域から飛ばされず最終的には中心星への落下する。一方,一旦飛ばされたダストも数μmより大きなものは再びディスクに再落下することになる。ダストの再落下する位置はサイズが小さいほど遠方になる。双極分子流中でダストは急冷されるが,数密度は小さいため成長はほとんど起こらない。以上,本研究で得られたダストの成長のシナリオは,始源的な隕石中のコンドリュ-ルやCAIのサイズ分布,残留磁化,蒸発変成,異なる温度を経験した粒子の混合などの特徴と整合的である。よって今後は,双極分子流とディスクとの相互作用やFUOri型の時間変動まで考慮に入れた,より精密なシミュレ-ションを行い,惑星材料物質の初期分布を明らかにしたい。科学研究費補助金 研究種目:一般研究(C) 課題番号:05833001 研究代表者:渡邊 誠一郎 研究期間:1993-1994年度research repor

高レベル放射性廃棄物地層処分施設のサイト選定に関する意思決定プロセス : スイスと英国を例として

The purpose of our study is to understand decision-making process on site selection for the deep geological repository of high-level radioactive waste. We compared site selection process by screening based primarily on technical criteria with the main emphasis on safety in Switzerland, and that by a voluntarism and partnership approach in UK, by document review. The voluntarism and partnership approach in UK is based on the ethical consideration that faireness in siting facilities could only be achieved by the enhancement of well-being and public acceptability based on a willingness to participate and a right to withdraw from a siting process. On the other hand, it could be interpreted that the screening approach with the main emphasis on safety in Switzerland would be based on the concept of the veil of ignorance, hypothesized that people would accept the decision if they consent the decision way beforehand under condition everyone could be involved in as a potential interest party. The responses of public against siting by the voluntarism and partnership approach shows that there were some issues on the suitability of geology at candidate site and a right to withdraw by legal base. The siting by the screening approach shows that people would accept follow the rule of this siting process so far. However, a conclusion has not been reached concerning whether only one candidate site could be selected from some sites by safty and other criteria, and whether local people at candidate site could consent and accept.本研究は文部科学省科学研究費基盤B（課題番号16H03011，研究代表者 広瀬幸雄）の補助を受けて実施された．departmental bulletin pape

Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 antagonizes the effect of ghrelin in rodents

Ghrelin, a stomach-derived peptide, promotes feeding and growth hormone (GH) secretion. A recent study identified liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) as an endogenous inhibitor of ghrelin-induced GH secretion, but the effect of LEAP2 in the brain remained unknown. In this study, we showed that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of LEAP2 to rats suppressed central ghrelin functions including Fos expression in the hypothalamic nuclei, promotion of food intake, blood glucose elevation, and body temperature reduction. LEAP2 did not inhibit neuropeptide Y (NPY)-induced food intake or des-acyl ghrelin-induced reduction in body temperature, indicating that the inhibitory effects of LEAP2 were specific for GHSR. Plasma LEAP2 levels varied according to feeding status and seemed to be dependent on the hepatic Leap2 expression. Furthermore, ghrelin suppressed the expression of hepatic Leap2 via AMPK activation. Together, these results reveal that LEAP2 inhibits central ghrelin functions and crosstalk between liver and stomach.Citation: Islam, M. N., Mita, Y., Maruyama, K., Tanida, R., Zhang, W., Sakoda, H., & Nakazato, M. (2020). Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 antagonizes the effect of ghrelin in rodents. The Journal of endocrinology, 244(1), 13–23. https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-19-010

Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 functions independently of growth hormone secretagogue receptor in calorie-restricted mice.

application/pdfGhrelin is a gastric-derived peptide that stimulates feeding, blood glucose elevation, body temperature reduction, and growth hormone （GH） secretion. Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 （LEAP2） is an endogenous antagonist of the ghrelin receptor, also called growth hormone secretagogue receptor （GHSR）. We studied the effects of LEAP2 administration on feeding, body weight, glycemia, body temperature, and inflammation-related genes in the liver in C57BL/6 J mice and Ghsr-knockout （Ghsr-KO） mice. We found that a single administration of LEAP2 did not abolish fasting-induced food intake in 24-h fasted C57BL/6 J mice or Ghsr-KO mice. Moreover, continuous LEAP2 administration to mice fed ad libitum for 6 days did not affect feeding, body temperature, plasma ghrelin, or blood glucose. By contrast, continuous LEAP2 administration to calorie-restricted C57BL/6 J mice and Ghsr-KO mice induced body weight loss, hypoglycemia, body temperature reduction, and upregulation of Il-6 and Il-1β mRNAs in the liver. Our findings suggest that LEAP2 functions independently of GHSR, implying that LEAP2 affects physiology beyond the ghrelin-GHSR system

Significance of nuclear LOXL2 inhibition in fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in the fibrotic process of acute respiratory distress syndrome

Fibrotic scarring is an important prognostic factor of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). There are currently no antifibrotic drugs or other therapeutic agents for ARDS. Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2), an amine oxidase, contributes to fibrotic scarring by facilitating collagen cross-linking. Recent clinical trials revealed that a monoclonal inhibitory antibody against LOXL2 failed to show benefit over placebo in patients with fibrotic disorders involving the lungs. These clinical results raise the possibility that targeting the extracellular enzymic activity of LOXL2 is not in itself sufficient to prevent fibrotic scarring. We investigated the role of LOXL2 in the pathogenesis of ARDS in vivo, in vitro, and in samples from patients with ARDS. After lung injury, LOXL2 was unevenly expressed in the nuclei of lung fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in the fibrotic phase. Nuclear LOXL2 expression was upregulated in lung fibroblasts after transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1)-treatment. LOXL2 silencing abrogated the TGF-β1-induced expression of a myofibrogenic-progenitor marker, the appearance of proto-myofibroblasts, and the evolution of differentiated myofibroblasts in lung fibroblasts. Nuclear upregulation of Snail was evident in myofibroblasts during the fibrotic phase after lung injury. We detected high levels of LOXL2 protein in the lungs of ARDS patients, specifically during the proliferative and fibrotic phases. Our results highlight nuclear LOXL2 in fibroblasts as a primary causative driver of cell-fate decision toward myofibroblasts and of the progression of fibrotic scarring. A nuclear-LOXL2-targeted agent could be a promising therapeutic strategy against fibrotic disorders including ARDS.Citation: Matsuo A, Tanida R, Yanagi S, Tsubouchi H, Miura A, Shigekusa T, Matsumoto N, Nakazato M. Significance of nuclear LOXL2 inhibition in fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in the fibrotic process of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Eur J Pharmacol. 2021 Feb 5;892:173754. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173754. Epub 2020 Nov 25. PMID: 33248114

Human liver‐expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 elevation in the cerebrospinal fluid in bacterial meningitis

Objective: To study the presence of liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and to measure its concentrations in neurologicaldisorders. Materials & Methods: We identified the presence of LEAP2 in human CSF by chro-matographic analysis and a LEAP2-specific enzyme immunoassay. We measured LEAP2 concentrations in the CSF of 35 patients with neurological disorders. Results: CSF LEAP2 concentrations in the bacterial meningitis group (mean ±SD, 9. 32± 3.76 ng/ml) were significantly higher (p< .05) than those in the other four groups (psychosomatic disorder, 0.56± 0.15 ng/ml; peripheral autoimmune dis-ease, 1.00 ± 0.60 ng/ml; multiple sclerosis, 0.62± 0.30 ng/ml; aseptic meningitis, 1.59± 0.69 ng/ml). Conclusions: This is the first study to identify the presence of human LEAP2 in the CSF. Levels of LEAP2 were increased in the CSF of patients with bacterial meningitis. LEAP2 may have potential as a biomarker for bacterial meningitis.Citation: Sakai K, Shiomi K, Mochizuki H, Islam MN, Nabekura H, Tanida R, Sakoda H, Nakazato M. Human liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 elevation in the cerebrospinal fluid in bacterial meningitis. Brain Behav. 2021 May;11(5):e02111. doi: 10.1002/brb3.2111. Epub 2021 Apr 3. PMID: 33811478; PMCID: PMC8119843

Observation of the ηc(2S) in Exclusive B→KKSK-π+ Decays

journal articl

上海の『敵国人集団生活所』をめぐる物語 －アメリカ国立公文書館(NARA)の資料－

研究会報告departmental bulletin pape

2023年度 非文字資料研究センター 人文学研究日中関係史研究会 共催 公開研究会

departmental bulletin pape