Observation of the Color-Suppressed Decay B̅ 0→D0π0

journal articl

非造影dual energy CT電子密度値を使用した孤立性肺結節の良悪性鑑別

抄録 【目的】Dual energy CT（DECT）の開発により，形態学的特徴だけでなく広範な定量的情報も提供することが可能となった．本研究の目的は，DECTから得られる電子密度値を用いた孤立性肺結節（solitary pulmonary nodule: SPN）の良悪性鑑別である．【方法】SPNと診断された画像データから，54症例のDECT画像を選択し，SPNの電子密度最大値を取得した．t検定により，良悪性間の電子密度値を比較した．病理組織型間，組織学的サブタイプ間での比較をするために一元配置分散分析を行った．また，ロジスティック回帰分析を適用し，電子密度値に対する偏回帰係数を推定した．【結果】電子密度値は悪性3.56×1020/mm3，良性3.51×1020/mm3であり有意に悪性が高かった（p<0.001）．ROC解析の結果，AUCは0.77であった．病理組織型間比較において，腺がんおよび扁平上皮がんで有意に高かった（p<0.05）．サブタイプ間では有意な差はみられなかった．ロジスティック回帰分析では，回帰係数は1.24（p<0.01）であった．【結語】Dual energy CTによって得られる電子密度値は，SPNの良悪性鑑別に有用な定量指標となる可能性が示唆された．一方で，invasive mucinous adenocarcinomaなど一部の病理型では例外的に低値を示す可能性があり，注意が必要である

High Performance Computing, Machine Learning, and Big Data Analytics for Common Good

video/mp4The talk starts with a brief historical background of high-performance computing (HPC), machine learning (ML), and big data (BD) analytics. Today, HPC is essential for modeling and simulation; ML is being used for simulation and data analytics; and BD is vital for acquiring and analyzing data from many different sources. To satisfy tomorrow’s computational needs, the convergence of HPC, ML, and BD will be beneficial, if not mandatory. The talk presents three projects developed by the speaker and his team―the first project shows how data and thread regrouping may enhance HPC performance; the second project illustrates a ML-based imaging technique using HPC that can guide real-time surgical procedures; and the third project demonstrates how geospatial BD analytics using HPC and ML can help regional economic success. The talk ends with a discussion on computational challenges where Nara Institute of Science and Technology and Wichita State University can contribute together for common good.講演者所属: Wichita State University, Kansas, USA講演日: 2020年1月14日 講演場所: エーアイ大講義室(L1)vide

All targets of Xbp1-mediated repression.

<p>Organized by GO categories. Corrected P value for enrichment and number of genes are shown in parentheses.</p><p>Genes associated with subcategories are noted with asterisks.</p

Xbp1 Directs Global Repression of Budding Yeast Transcription during the Transition to Quiescence and Is Important for the Longevity and Reversibility of the Quiescent State

<div><p>Pure populations of quiescent yeast can be obtained from stationary phase cultures that have ceased proliferation after exhausting glucose and other carbon sources from their environment. They are uniformly arrested in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, and display very high thermo-tolerance and longevity. We find that G1 arrest is initiated before all the glucose has been scavenged from the media. Maintaining G1 arrest requires transcriptional repression of the G1 cyclin, <i>CLN3</i>, by Xbp1. Xbp1 is induced as glucose is depleted and it is among the most abundant transcripts in quiescent cells. Xbp1 binds and represses <i>CLN3</i> transcription and in the absence of Xbp1, or with extra copies of <i>CLN3</i>, cells undergo ectopic divisions and produce very small cells. The Rad53-mediated replication stress checkpoint reinforces the arrest and becomes essential when Cln3 is overproduced. The <i>XBP1</i> transcript also undergoes metabolic oscillations under glucose limitation and we identified many additional transcripts that oscillate out of phase with <i>XBP1</i> and have Xbp1 binding sites in their promoters. Further global analysis revealed that Xbp1 represses 15% of all yeast genes as they enter the quiescent state and over 500 of these transcripts contain Xbp1 binding sites in their promoters. Xbp1-repressed transcripts are highly enriched for genes involved in the regulation of cell growth, cell division and metabolism. Failure to repress some or all of these targets leads <i>xbp1</i> cells to enter a permanent arrest or senescence with a shortened lifespan.</p></div

G1 arrest is initiated before the diauxic shift.

<p>(A) Culture density based on optical density at 600 nm wavelength (OD600), (B) cell number increase, (C) percentage of cells in G1 are plotted for wild type cells grown in YEPD medium from log to stationary phase (stationary phase.) Values are the average of four growth curves and error bars are included. Cell number after the DS (14 hr) and at the end of cell division are indicated. (D) DNA fluorescence shown as scatter plots and histograms of log phase wild type cells, cells at the DS, and one hour later.</p

Fifteen percent of yeast transcripts are derepressed three-fold or more in <i>xbp1</i> cells during post-diauxic growth.

<p>(Left panel) derepressed genes with, or (right panel) without Xbp1 binding sites are shown after, 8, 14, 24, or 48 hours of growth and from purified Q cells (Q). RNA Next Generation sequence data are displayed as a ratio of BY6602 <i>xbp1</i>/BY6500 wild type.</p

Xbp1 and Rad53 are required to stop cell division and maintain repression of <i>CLN3</i> transcription in stationary phase.

<p>(A) Transcript levels of <i>CLN3</i> and <i>ACT1</i> as cells grow for 8 to 48 hours into stationary phase (SP) were measured and reported as a ratio of <i>CLN3/ACT1</i>, (B) Cell volume distribution in log phase cultures (left) of <i>xbp1</i> (red) and wild type (black) cells and cultures that have ceased dividing after 50 hours of growth (right), relevant genotypes are indicated (C) Cell number, and (D and E) percent of cells in G1 as cells grow from log phase to SP. (F) Cell viability based on FungaLight dye exclusion in log phase cells (day 1) and after seven days of further growth into SP. (G) Upper panel, flow cytometry assays of ROS accumulation in strains indicated after five days (OD₆₀₀ = 24) of growth into SP. Percent of ROS positive cells within the M2 gate are shown in upper right of each panel. Below are micrographs and quantification of TUNEL positive cells after five days of growth into SP. Relevant genotypes indicated (BY6500 WT, BY5654 <i>5XCLN3</i>, BY6602 <i>xbp1</i>, BY6873 <i>cln3</i>, BY7131 <i>cln3xbp1</i>, BY7146 <i>xbp1 rad53-21</i>, BY6848 <i>rad53-21</i>, BY6697 <i>rad53-21 5XCLN3, BY7406 rad9 5XCLN3</i>.).</p

Xbp1 is important for maintaining a reversible quiescent state.

<p>(A) Percent budding as a function of time as purified Q cells are returned to fresh YEPD media and re-enter the cell cycle. (B) Long term viability and (C) colony formation of purified Q cells over 8 weeks of incubation in water. (D) Samples were taken from BY6500 wild type (WT) and <i>xbp1</i> Q cells and 150 minutes after those Q cells were re-fed. Differential image contrast (DIC) and calcofluor-stained bud scars show the budded and unbudded populations. Relevant genotypes indicated (BY6500 wild type, BY6602 <i>xbp1</i>, BY6873 <i>cln3</i>, BY7131 <i>cln3xbp1</i>.).</p

Xbp1 binds and represses <i>CLN3</i> transcription in post-diauxic cells.

<p>(A) ChIP was performed on the promoters indicated in log phase cells and after 24 hours of growth. (B) <i>XBP1</i> and (C) <i>CLN3</i> mRNA levels in wild type and <i>xbp1</i> cells grown from log phase to stationary phase quantified from Next-Generation RNA sequencing data. (D) <i>xbp1</i> and (E) <i>5XCLN3</i> cells harvested for FACS analysis as in <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003854#pgen-1003854-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a> after 14 and 20 hours of growth (BY6500 WT, BY5654 <i>5XCLN3</i>, BY6602 <i>xbp1</i>.).</p