Functioning, disability, and health of individuals with Hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal) and their families: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies

Background: Currently, paradoxical findings exist regarding the level of functioning in individuals with Hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal). Aims: This systematic review aimed to clarify the functioning, disability, and health of individuals with Hikikomori and their families in comparison to those without Hikikomori. Method: Relevant studies were searched from April 22 to 25, 2022, using MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and two Japanese databases. Functions were categorized into ‘body functionscitation: Nonaka S, Kubo H, Takeda T, Sakai M. Functioning, disability, and health of individuals with Hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal) and their families: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 2025;0(0). doi:10.1177/0020764024131018

Functioning, disability, and health of individuals with Hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal) and their families: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies

Background: Currently, paradoxical findings exist regarding the level of functioning in individuals with Hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal). Aims: This systematic review aimed to clarify the functioning, disability, and health of individuals with Hikikomori and their families in comparison to those without Hikikomori. Method: Relevant studies were searched from April 22 to 25, 2022, using MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and two Japanese databases. Functions were categorized into ‘body functions”; “structure”; and “activity and participation’, which were further classified into subcategories. Results: Of the 8,181 studies screened, 24 studies with 1,769 individuals with Hikikomori were included. Twelve, three, and four indicators from six studies on depression and anxiety, three on addiction, and two on thought problem symptoms, respectively, were higher in the Hikikomori group than in the comparison group, with at least moderate effect sizes. Three indicators from three studies on interpersonal relationships were worse in the Hikikomori group, with at least moderate effect sizes. The meta-analyses showed that internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and thought disorders were significantly higher in the Hikikomori group than those in the comparison group with moderate-to-high effect sizes. Contrastingly, communication/interpersonal interactions were significantly lower in the Hikikomori group than those in the comparison group. No significant differences were observed in daily life/social life and the families’ communication/interpersonal interactions and relationship. Conclusions: The study limitations include a high risk of bias and heterogeneity. Overall, individuals with Hikikomori often have impaired mental and interpersonal interaction functions; thus, comorbidities of this condition should be carefully assessed

Development of a questionnaire for evaluating supporters’ skills in Hikikomori support

Enhancing the skills of hikikomori supporters inherently contributes to improving the quality of support provided. However, a comprehensive skills assessment tool for these supporters has not yet been developed. This study aimed to develop a self-rated questionnaire, the Hikikomori Supporter’s Skills Checklist (HSSC). Based on a preliminary survey involving 43 supporters, the HSSC draft was revised. The revised version comprises 39 items addressing various aspects of consultation support. In the main survey, questionnaires were posted to 118 hikikomori community support centers. To assess convergent and discriminant validity and derive clinical insights, respondents completed the HSSC along with measures of stigmatic attitudes toward hikikomori and psychiatric patients, workplace psychological flexibility, burnout, and demographics, including prior experience in hikikomori-related learning and support. Analysis of 238 valid responses revealed a single-factor structur

Observation of the Color-Suppressed Decay B̅ 0→D0π0

journal articl

<教育デザインフォーラム学生発表会>数の表し方に対する児童の認識に関する調査研究(ポスター発表の要旨)

departmental bulletin pape

実践哲学ノート（18）

application/pdfDie vorliegende Arbeit forscht nach dem Sinn des Menschen als menschliches Naturwesens. Der Kern des Sinnes des Menschen ist aber nichts anderes als Menschlichkeit（Humanitat）. Also behandle ich die praktische Philosophie uberhaupt, namentlich die menschliche praktische Philosophie Yoshiaki Utsunomiyas. Dabei zugleich mochte ich sein Denken selbst und auch seine Denkweise lernen. Danach mochte ich den Sinn des menschlichen Naturwesens auf Grund der Menschlichkeit （Humanitat）aufklaren und ferner den Menschen an sich selbst als systematische Totalitat der drei Lebenstatigkeiten, die aus Konsumieren, Produzieren und Verkehren bestehen, zeigen. Der Sinn des Menschen enthalt die Menschlichkeit（Humanitat）als sein ubergreifendes Moment in sich. Daher mussten wir vor allem die Menschlichkeit（Humanitat）untersuchen.departmental bulletin pape

Lymph nodes 5a: Lymph node yield, 5b: Number of involved nodes by procedure

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The impact of operative approach on outcome of surgery for gastro-oesophageal tumours"</p><p>http://www.wjso.com/content/5/1/95</p><p>World Journal of Surgical Oncology 2007;5():95-95.</p><p>Published online 20 Aug 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2000895.</p><p></p

Kaplan Meier five year survival curves by circumferential resection margin involvement

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The impact of operative approach on outcome of surgery for gastro-oesophageal tumours"</p><p>http://www.wjso.com/content/5/1/95</p><p>World Journal of Surgical Oncology 2007;5():95-95.</p><p>Published online 20 Aug 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2000895.</p><p></p