Phenomenal Data

Article信州大学農学部演習林報告 18: 51-57(1981)departmental bulletin pape

Observation of the Color-Suppressed Decay B̅ 0→D0π0

journal articl

研究速報 : Fracture Behavior of a Completely Brittle Crack in Consideration of Restraining Stress between Atomic Planes

departmental bulletin pape

実践哲学ノートー『孔子』［III］-（28）

application/pdfDie vorliegende Arbeit forscht nach dem Sinn des Menschen als menschliches Naturwesens. Der Kern des Sinnes des Menschen ist aber nichts anderes als Menschlichkeit (Humanitat). Also behandle ich die praktische Philosophie uberhaupt, namentlich die menschliche praktische Philosophie Yoshiaki Utsunomiyas. Dabei zugleich mochte ich sein Denken selbst und auch seine Denkweise lernen. Danach mochte ich den Sinn des menschlichen Naturwesens auf Grund der Menschlichkeit (Humanitat) aufklaren und ferner den Menschen an sich selbst als systematische Totalitat der drei Lebenstatigkeiten, die aus Konsumieren, Produzieren und Verkehren bestehen, zeigen. Der Sinn des Menschen enthalt die Menschlichkeit (Humanitat) als sein ubergreifendes Moment in sich. Daher mussten wir vor allem die Menschlichkeit (Humanitat) untersuchen.departmental bulletin pape

<教育デザインフォーラム学生発表会>青年期以降の聴覚障害者の自尊感情に関する調査(ポスター発表の要旨)

departmental bulletin pape

ASK1-MAP キナーゼケイ ニヨル ストレス オウトウ ノ ブンシ キコウ

video/mp4講演場所: バイオサイエンス研究科大講義室講演者所属: 東京大学大学院薬学系研究科細胞情報学教室教授vide

Staphylococcal PGN, but not LTA induce macropinocytosis and abrogate IL-12 production.

<p>(A) DCs was stimulated with, LPS, Pam2CSK4, or Pam3CSK4 (1 μg/ml) or PGN or LTA (10 μg/ml) for 30 min with or without pre-treatment with cytochalasin D. Then, cells were chased with FITC-coupled dextran (500 μg/ml) for 10 min. Dextran uptake was measured by flow cytometry by counting 10,000 cells. Numbers indicate the percentages of FITC-positive cells. (B) DCs were pre-stimulated with PGN or LTA (1 and 10 μg/ml), LPS, Pam2CSK4, Pam3CSK4 (1 μg/ml), or <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> SA113 in stationary phase (MOI for: High 3; Intermediate, 2; Low, 1) for 30 min. Next, the DCs were subjected to <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> SA113 in exponential phase (MOI 6), (Black bars), or DC’s were stimulated with the ligands alone (white bars). After 20h, IL-12 and IL-10 levels were measured in the supernatant by ELISA. (C) DCs was pre-treated with cytochalasin D for 1h and subsequently stimulated with DC complete medium, PGN or LTA (10 μg/ml) for 30 min. Next, the cells were stimulated with AlexaFluor647 labeled <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> 15981 in exponential phase for 30 min, and chased with FITC-dextran for 10 min. Dot plots are based on 10,000 cells counted on FACS CantoII and single cell gating by the use of FSC-A/FSC-H. Means and SD are based on technical replicates. Data represent one out of three experiments.</p

D-alanylation prevents induction of macropinocytosis and is required for IL-12 production.

<p>(A) DCs were stimulated with SA113 or its isogenic <i>dltA</i> mutant in exponential or stationary phase. IL-12p70, TNF-α and IL-10 were measured in the supernatant after 20h. (B) Cytochalasin D (0.5 μg/ml) treated DCs were stimulated with SA113 and its isogenic <i>dltA</i> mutant in exponential phase and the levels of IL-12p70 were measured in the supernatant after 20h. (C) DCs were treated with cytochalasin D for 1h and were subsequently subjected for 30 min to <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> SA113 or its isogenic <i>dltA</i> mutant both in EP. Next the cells were chased with FITC-dextran for 10 min, and the uptake of dextran was measured by flow cytometry and plotted against FSC. (D) Combination of three technical replicates of C. Means and SD are based on technical replicates. Data represents one experiment out of three.</p

D-Alanylation of Teichoic Acids and Loss of Poly-N-Acetyl Glucosamine in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> during Exponential Growth Phase Enhance IL-12 Production in Murine Dendritic Cells

<div><p><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a major human pathogen that has evolved very efficient immune evading strategies leading to persistent colonization. During different stages of growth, <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> express various surface molecules, which may affect the immune stimulating properties, but very little is known about their role in immune stimulation and evasion. Depending on the growth phase, <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> may affect antigen presenting cells differently. Here, the impact of growth phases and the surface molecules lipoteichoic acid, peptidoglycan and poly-N-acetyl glucosamine on the induction of IL-12 imperative for an efficient clearance of <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> was studied in dendritic cells (DCs). Exponential phase (EP) <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> was superior to stationary phase (SP) bacteria in induction of IL-12, which required actin-mediated endocytosis and endosomal acidification. Moreover, addition of staphylococcal cell wall derived peptidoglycan to EP <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> stimulated cells increased bacterial uptake but abrogated IL-12 induction, while addition of lipoteichoic acid increased IL-12 production but had no effect on the bacterial uptake. Depletion of the capability to produce poly-N-acetyl glucosamine increased the IL-12 inducing activity of EP bacteria. Furthermore, the mutant <i>dltA</i> unable to produce D-alanylated teichoic acids failed to induce IL-12 but like peptidoglycan and the toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands LPS and Pam3CSK4 the mutant stimulated increased macropinocytosis. In conclusion, the IL-12 response by DCs against <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> is highly growth phase dependent, relies on cell wall D-alanylation, endocytosis and subsequent endosomal degradation, and is abrogated by receptor induced macropinocytosis.</p></div

Exponentially growing S. aureus strains are strong IL-12 inducers.

<p>(A) DCs were stimulated with live <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> 15981 or 8325–4 in exponential or stationary phase with a MOI 10. Production of IL-12p70, TNF-α and IL-10 was detected in the supernatants by ELISA after 20h of stimulation. Data shown represents one representative experiment of three. Means and SD are based on technical replicates. (B) DCs were stimulated for 20h with UV-inactivated 8325–4 and 15981 in exponential or stationary phase with a MOI of 6. At least three experiments were performed. C) DC viability was analyzed by flow cytometry after 1h or 20h of stimulation with UV-inactivated strain 8325 in exponential (EP) or stationary (SP) phase, or 8% supernatant harvested from 8325–4 or RN6911 in EP (SEP) or SP (SSP). The amount of alive, apoptotic, dead or cells double positive for dead and apoptotic cells are shown as percentages based on counting 5000 cells.</p