Development of Air Cell System Following Canal Wall Up Mastoidectomy for Pediatric Cholesteatoma

Background: The development of temporal bone pneumatization is related to the postnatal middle ear environment, where the development of air cells is suppressed with otitis media in early childhood. However, whether air cell formation restarts when mastoidectomy is performed during temporal bone pneumatization remains unclear. Herein, we evaluated temporal bone pneumatization after canal wall up (CWU) tympanomastoidectomy for middle ear cholesteatoma in children. Methods: In total, 63 patients, including 29 patients with congenital cholesteatoma (CC) and 34 patients with acquired cholesteatoma (AC), were assessed using a set of pre- and postoperative computed tomography images. The air cells of the temporal bone were divided into five areas: periantral (anterior), periantral (posterior), periantral (medial), peritubal, and petrous apex. The number of areas with air cells before and after surgery was compared to evaluate temporal bone pneumatization after surgery. Results: A total of 63 patients, comprising 29 with CC and 34 with AC (pars flaccida; 23, pars tensa; 7, unclassified; 4), were evaluated. The median age of patients (18 males and 11 females) with CC was 5.0 (range, 2–15 years), while that of the AC group (23 males and 11 females) was 8 (range, 2–15 years). A significant difference in air cell presence was identified in the CC and AC groups after surgery (Mann–Whitney U, p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). Between the two groups, considerably better postoperative pneumatization was observed in the CC group. A correlation between age at surgery and gain of postoperative air cell area development was identified in the CC group (Spearman’s rank-order correlation coefficient, r = −0.584, p < 0.001). In comparison with the postoperative pneumatization rate of each classified area, the petrous apex area was the lowest in the CC and AC groups. Conclusions: Newly developed air cells were identified in the temporal bones after CWU mastoidectomy for pediatric cholesteatoma. These findings may justify CWU tympanomastoidectomy, at least for younger children and CC patients, who may subsequently develop air cell systems after surgery.Citation: Yamada, Y.; Ganaha, A.; Nojiri, N.; Goto, T.; Takahashi, K.; Tono, T. Development of Air Cell System Following Canal Wall Up Mastoidectomy for Pediatric Cholesteatoma. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 2934. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm1310293

Observation of the Color-Suppressed Decay B̅ 0→D0π0

journal articl

正誤表

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摩擦音を音源とする人工喉頭について ―北宋の“顙叫子”挿話に示唆を得て―

application/pdfIn this paper, we propose for laryngectomees a new kind of an artificial larynx, whose source noises are not periodic pulses but random noise. This idea is motivated by a mouth-resonating instrument referred to in a Chinese literature of the North Song period, Mukei Hitudan 夢渓筆談. The speech generation mechanism by this instrument is very simple. When, with the instrument applied to the mouth of the performer, the user conducts pantomimed articulations under sustained glottal stop activity, while making noises from it, the friction noises from the mouth instrument will be instantaneously and momentarily transformed into speech sounds. We designed a speaking system composed of a model larynx with a friction noise generator inside, and a VOCODER attached to it. The speech generation by a laryngectomee using this system proceeds in the following way. In the first step, the user makes friction noises from the artificial larynx being propagated in the mouth cavity, while conducting simultaneous articulations, and then out of the mouth is momentarily produced a kind of whispered speech or random noise-sourced speech. In the second step, the random noise-sourced speech is applied to the VOCODER, through which it is by now reshaped in the respects of its spectral envelope into speech sounds with voiced-voiceless distinction. The paper consists of three chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the problems inherent in three kinds of speech aid methods, Tapia’s artificial larynx, an electric buzzer, and an oesophageal phonation. The second chapter deals with interrelations between whispered speech, laryngectomee’s speech and jews-harp speech, from which is introduced the idea of a random noise-sourced artificial larynx attached to a VOCODER. The third chapter contains experimental results which are intended to exemplify its voiced-voiceless distinguishing capability.departmental bulletin pape

Giro del mondo /

MTSD 0296-1.Mode of access: Internet.Ilustraciones : Alegoría del viaje, Retrato del viajero, Pirámide de Egipto, Turco vestido con sus ropas típicas

教職入門における学校保健・安全に関する教育内容の検討-授業実践における学生のイメージ変化を手掛かりに-

departmental bulletin pape

Amino acids that may affect the receptor-binding specificity of the influenza virus HA gene.

<p>Amino acids that may affect the receptor-binding specificity of the influenza virus HA gene.</p

Receptor distribution in the respiratory system of guinea pigs.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Alveoli. Red staining indicates MAAII-binding α-2,3 glycan. (<b>B</b>) Tracheal mucosa of guinea pig. Red staining indicates the presence of α-2,3 glycan and green staining indicates the presence of α-2,6 glycan. (<b>C</b>) Nasal mucosa (respiratory region) of guinea pig. (<b>D</b>) Nasal mucosa (olfactory region) of guinea pig. Green staining indicates the presence of α-2,6 glycan.</p

Hemagglutination assays of H5N1 influenza viruses using cRBCs with different treatments.

<p>The upper panel shows the hemagglutination by two HA units of each virus while the lower panel shows the HA titers of test viruses with 0.5% cRBCs treated as follows: cBRCs, untreated; Desial cRBCs, treated with VCNA; α-2,3 cRBC, VCNA treated and resialylated with α-2,3 glycans; α-2,6 cRBC,VCNA treated and resialylated with α-2,6 glycans.</p

Western blot analyses of H5N1 avian influenza HA1 protein.

<p>Lysates of H5N1 viruses treated with or without PNGase F were incubated with chicken anti-H5N1 antiserum. Binding was visualized with 3,30-diaminobenzidine after incubation with peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies. The locations of marker proteins are indicated on the left.</p